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1.
喀斯特洞穴窝穴的形态对比与成因分析——以贵州省双河洞为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
喀斯特洞穴窝穴作为洞穴小形态的一种,记录了喀斯特地区地下河的演变过程和洞穴的发育状况。通过对双河洞系统中阴河洞、响水洞洞穴窝穴的规模、形态大小进行统计,对比了两洞穴窝穴形态的差异性并分析其成因。结果表明:在规模上,阴河洞窝穴分布面积较小,但窝穴数量相当可观,响水洞窝穴分布数量巨大,范围广泛,成千上万的窝穴沿洞穴通道两侧分布;在平面形态上,阴河洞内窝穴扁率要高于响水洞;在垂直剖面上,阴河洞内窝穴深宽比要比响水洞的偏大,且阴河洞窝穴以“V”型、倒“Ω”型窝穴为主,响水洞窝穴以倒“Ω”型窝穴为主,这与两洞穴水动力条件、地质构造、推移质、基岩、风化溶蚀作用等因素的不同密切相关。 相似文献
2.
嵇少丞 《大地构造与成矿学》2017,41(6):1039-1052
山脉的隆升与夷平无不与地表岩石的风化剥蚀密切相关,暴雨冲刷作用对山区岩石的风化剥蚀至关重要。雨水顺着倾斜的山坡迅速汇聚,形成湍急洪流,冲携山坡上的砂砾与小石块,对石坡上原先小幅度的洼凹之地或薄弱部位进行机械性磨蚀与化学溶蚀,上述地质过程不断重复,逐渐形成山坡壶穴。美国加州华斯克巨岩公园、澳大利亚中部大红山以及中国北京西山的山坡壶穴都是暴雨流壶穴的典型例子。可惜过去一段时间里北京西山地区的山坡壶穴被误认为是"京西古道上骡马驴踩出来的蹄坑",这样解释的前提条件是在数百年间、数以万计的骡马驴不断地踩进同一处、且不断加深的石头蹄坑。动物行为学研究表明,马之类的动物在行走过程中会本能地躲避踩进较深(≥5~10 cm)的洼坑或水坑,以防扭伤蹄腕或折断腿骨。世界上著名的铺石古道上只见车辙痕不见马蹄坑,亦是有力的证明。 相似文献
3.
Syn-magmatic removal of the cumulate pile during the formation of the Bushveld Complex resulted in “potholes”. Erosion progressed downward in the cumulate pile, resulting in a series of steep, transgressive contacts between locally conformable potholed reefs in the regional pothole sub-facies of the Swartklip Facies in the western limb of the Bushveld Complex. The deepest of these potholes, “third-order” or “FWP2” potholing, occurs where the base of the Merensky Cyclic Unit transgresses the Upper Pseudo-Reef Chromitite marker horizon. The base of a FWP2 pothole on Northam Platinum Mine consists of an unconformable stringer Merensky Chromitite overlain by a medium-grained, poikilitic orthopyroxenite and underlain by either a pegmatitic harzburgite or the medium-grained Lower Pseudo-Reef Anorthosite. Detailed shape and distribution analysis of FWP2 potholes reveals underlying patterns in their shape and distribution which, in turn, suggest a structural control. The ratio between pothole short vs long axes is 0.624 (N=1,385), although the ratio increases from 0.48 to 0.61 in the long axis range 10 to 60 m, then decreases from 0.61 to 0.57 from 61 to 100 m, increasing again from 0.57 to 0.61 from 101 to 400 m, suggesting that there is not a simple relationship between pothole shape and size. Shape (circularity, eccentricity, and dendricity) analysis of a subset of 638 potholes indicates that potholes with long axes <100 m have an elliptical, average normalized shape, elongate on a 120–150° orientation. Potholes with long axis lengths >100 m have an average normalized shape that is bilobate and elongate on a 120° orientation. The average aspect ratio (short axis length divided by long axis length) of potholes is highest for potholes with long axis lengths >100 m and lowest for potholes with long axis lengths between 35 and 60 m. The most common long axis orientation for potholes with long axis lengths <100 m is 150° but 120° for long axis lengths >100 m. Fractal analysis indicates that the distribution of pothole centers is controlled neither by a single nor several interacting fractal dimensions. Autocorrelation (Fry) analysis of the distribution of pothole centers shows recurring pothole distribution trends at 038, 070, and 110° for potholes over the full range of long axis lengths, while the trends of 008 and 152° occur in potholes with long axes lengths between 60 and 100 m. Chi-squared (X
2) analysis of the locations of pothole centers suggests that the distribution of small potholes is highly non-uniform but becomes exponentially more uniform with increasing pothole size. The model which best fits the observed shape and distribution analysis is a combination of protracted independent growth and “nearest neighbor” merging along specific orientations. For instance, the clustered distribution of original pothole centers resulted in merged potholes with long axes lengths of up to 60 m, exhibiting short vs long axes ratios of 0.61, preferred orientations of 150°, and alignment along 010 and 150° trends. Further independent growth allowed for merging of similar-sized (and smaller) neighboring potholes, generating potholes with long axes of up to 100 m in length, a preferred long axis orientation of 150°, and alignment along 010, 040, 075, and 150°. Subsequent preferential merging occurred along a 120° trend, thereby preserving a bilobate form. This implies that while pothole initiation and enlargement may be driven by a “top-down” (i.e., possibly thermomechanical) process, an underlying linear or structural catalyst/control is revealed in changes in pothole shape during enlargement and, furthermore, in the preferred trends along which potholes merged over a considerable period, possibly concomitant with adjustment of major structures in the footwall to the Bushveld Complex and pulses into the magma chamber. 相似文献
4.
M. G. Thakkar B. Goyal A. K. Patidar D. M. Maurya L. S. Chamyal 《Journal of Earth System Science》2006,115(2):249-256
Kachchh possesses a fault-controlled first-order topography and several geomorphic features indicative of active tectonics.
Though coseismic neotectonic activity is believed to be the major factor in the evolution of the landscape, detailed documentation
and analysis of vital landscape features like drainage characteristics, bedrock gorges and terraces are lacking. The present
study is a site-specific documentation of gorges developed in the central part of the mainland Kachchh. We analyzed and interpreted
four gorges occurring on either side of Katrol Hill Fault (KHF). The Khari river gorge is endowed with six levels of bedrock
terraces, some of which are studded with large potholes and flutings. Since no active development of potholes is observed
along the rivers in the present day hyper-arid conditions, we infer an obvious linkage of gorges to the humid phases, which
provided high energy runoff for the formation of gorges and distinct bedrock terraces and associated erosional features. Development
of gorges within the miliolites and incision in the fluvial deposits to the south of the KHF indicates that the gorges were
formed during Early Holocene. However, ubiquitous occurrence of gorges along the streams to the south of KHF, the uniformly
N40‡ E trend of the gorges, their close association with transverse faults and the short length of the exceptionally well
developed Khari river gorge in the low-relief rocky plain to the north of KHF suggests an important role of neotectonic movements 相似文献
5.
安塞区主城区范围内的基岩地层发育一以延河为枢纽线、走向约330°的背斜构造,在基岩地层中普遍发育走向与褶皱轴面平行（320°～340°）和垂直（40°～60°）两个方位的两组张性节理,还发育有两组与褶皱轴斜交的共轭剪切节理,第一组共轭剪切节理面走向为近南北（0°～10°）和近东西（80°～90°）,第二组共轭剪切节理面走向为100°～120°和200°～210°。上述基岩中发育的、不同走向的多组节理面对研究区内具相同走向分布特征的崩塌结构控制面的发育有较强控制作用。第一组共轭剪节理中走向近东西（80°～90°）的节理面控制着研究区内发育程度最高的崩塌结构控制面,它与区内岩质崩塌的发育相关程度最高;其次是两组张性节理面分别控制着走向相同且发育程度较高的两组岩质崩塌结构控制面,第二组共轭剪节理面则控制着区内发育程度相对较低的、走向与共轭节理面相同的两组崩塌结构控制面。 相似文献
6.
活动造山带基岩河流地貌研究,目前已成为构造地貌学研究的前沿和热点。河道宽度形态的调整变化是基岩河流响应构造、岩性和气候等扰动的重要方式之一。通过研究祁连山北部地区6个重点流域基岩河道的宽度形态发现:河道宽度总体上呈现出东西向和南北向的变化特征,河道向下游增宽的速率,东段地区显著高于中段地区,低山带显著高于高山带;对比河道宽度的变化特征与构造抬升速率及岩性抗蚀性的变化,可以推断:在祁连山北部地区,基岩河道宽度响应构造抬升和岩性抗蚀性的变化进行了系统地调整,构造抬升控制了流域河道宽度变化的总体趋势,而岩性抗蚀性变化则导致了流域内部局部河段河道宽度的大幅波动。在祁连山北部地区开展的基岩河道宽度形态研究,为利用基岩河道形态研究造山带的构造变形奠定了基础,对于探索构造抬升背景下地貌的发育过程具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
7.
Desert Potholes: Ephemeral Aquatic Microsystems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An enigma of the Colorado Plateau high desert is the “pothole”, which ranges from shallow ephemeral puddles to deeply carved
pools. The existence of prokaryotic to eukaryotic organisms within these pools is largely controlled by the presence of collected
rainwater. Multivariate statistical analysis of physical and chemical limnologic data variables measured from potholes indicates
spatial and temporal variations, particularly in water depth, manganese, iron, nitrate and sulfate concentrations and salinity.
Variation in water depth and salinity are likely related to the amount of time since the last precipitation, whereas the other
variables may be related to redox potential. The spatial and temporal variations in water chemistry affect the distribution
of organisms, which must adapt to daily and seasonal extremes of fluctuating temperature (0–60 °C), pH changes of as much
as 5 units over 12 days, and desiccation. For example, many species become dormant when potholes dry, in order to endure intense
heat, UV radiation, desiccation and freezing, only to flourish again upon rehydration. But the pothole organisms also have
a profound impact on the potholes. Through photosynthesis and respiration, pothole organisms affect redox potential, and indirectly
alter the water chemistry. Laboratory examination of dried biofilm from the potholes revealed that within 2 weeks of hydration,
the surface of the desiccated, black biofilm became green from cyanobacterial growth, which supported significant growth in
heterotrophic bacterial populations. This complex biofilm is persumably responsible for dissolving the cement between the
sandstone grains, allowing the potholes to enlarge, and for sealing the potholes, enabling them to retain water longer than
the surrounding sandstone. Despite the remarkable ability of life in potholes to persist, desert potholes may be extremely
sensitive to anthropogenic effects. The unique limnology and ecology of Utah potholes holds great scientific value for understanding
water–rock–biological interactions with possible applications to life on other planetary bodies. 相似文献
8.
为研究原地浸矿母液对离子型稀土矿收液底板的侵蚀影响,以离子型稀土矿基岩（半/弱风化花岗岩）为研究对象,开展了室内浸矿模拟试验。对比分析了不同浸矿时间岩样的应力−应变曲线、峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量,获取了不同浸矿历时岩样的孔隙度和细观形貌特征,并运用盒维法对岩样的非线性裂纹特征进行了定量化描述。结果表明：浸矿侵蚀作用对离子型稀土矿底板基岩力学性质的影响主要表现在前150 d,破坏形式由贯穿破坏转变为贯穿破坏与片状剥落并存;浸矿母液侵蚀作用下,基岩力学特性呈现先大幅减小后大幅回升,其后在小范围波动现象,浸矿约60 d对基岩力学特性的影响程度最大;浸矿母液侵蚀造成基岩内小孔隙增长,导致表面出现腐蚀及孔洞现象;浸矿时间不同将造成岩石不同的微观结构变化。 相似文献
9.
近年来,不少学者开始关注基岩油藏,但有关基岩风化壳的研究尚未有报道.以柴达木盆地东坪地区基岩风化壳为研究对象,结合东坪地区的地质资料、测井资料及地球化学资料,对花岗质基岩风化壳的结构特征及其与油气储集的关系进行了系统的研究.结果表明:(1) 建立了以Al2O3、CaO、Na2O、K2O为主要判别依据的花岗质基岩风化指数,准确的识别出古土壤层、残积层、半风化层、未风化层;(2) 根据成像测井响应特征及常规测井曲线可以很好地识别古风化壳特征;(3) 东坪地区基岩风化壳的主要储集空间有基岩溶蚀孔洞、基质矿物溶孔和基岩裂缝,共3种,为致密储层,风化壳由风化基面向上,孔隙逐渐发育,至半风化岩石中部的孔隙度较大,且以大孔隙为主,由半风化岩石到风化粘土层,孔隙的规模变小,逐渐以微孔隙为主,纵向上,孔隙度与风化程度、构造缝发育情况、埋藏深度及其和应力释放中心的距离具有相关性.风化壳的存在大大的改善了储层物性,扩展了含气面积,增加了含气层系,对花岗质基岩地层油气藏和深层油气勘探具有重要的理论价值和科学意义. 相似文献
10.
淮北市岩溶地下水防污性能评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为有效保护和合理开发利用岩溶地下水资源,在深入了解评价区水文地质条件基础上,采用PI(保护层和渗透条件)方法,对淮北市岩溶地下水防污性能开展评价。其结果表明,地下水防污性能π值小于2的区域分布在低山丘陵区,该地区基岩埋深＜50m,属于裸渗区;π值2～3的区域主要分布在低山丘陵区、残山和山前区,基岩埋深在50～200m,属于覆盖区;平原区的π值多大于4,基岩埋深＞200m,属于埋藏区。无论是PI评价结果还是评价对象的地质条件均表明,岩溶地下水的防污性能在低山丘陵区为弱和较弱,随着远离山区,防污性能有所提高,平原区的防污性能最佳。 相似文献
11.
Darren B. Sjogren Timothy G. Fisher Lawrence D. Taylor Harry M. Jol Mandy J. Munro-Stasiuk 《Quaternary International》2002,90(1)
Glaciated terrains in east-central Alberta and south-central Michigan contain channels that have hummocks and transverse ridges separating depressions along their floors. This association imparts a linked pothole appearance. Similar channels are often interpreted as tunnel channels or subaerial channels, partly filled with sediment from a subsequent glacial advance, a stagnating ice roof, or slumped sediment from the channel margins. However, the truncation of sedimentary packages in the channel walls and intrachannel hummocks indicates that they are erosional landforms, cut into glacial sediments (till), bedrock, or gravel. Eskers overlie and are found within a few channels, indicating that these channels formed before the final stagnation that produced the eskers. These two characteristics, combined with the observation that many channels have convex-up long profiles, indicate that the channels were eroded by pressurized, subglacial water. Because the formative mechanisms for this type of channel are not clear, and modern environments that could produce this type of landform are inaccessible, we draw on several morphologic analogues to propose mechanisms for channel erosion. We conclude that the erosion of these linked pothole channels (incipient tunnel channels) was the product of the complex interaction between complex turbulent flow structures and various scales of roughness elements. 相似文献
12.
The petrogenesis of Merensky Reef potholes at the Western Platinum Mine, Bushveld Complex: Sr-isotopic evidence for synmagmatic deformation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Potholes represent areas where the normally planar PGE-rich Merensky Reef of the upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex
transgresses its footwall, such geometric relationships being unusual in layered intrusions. The recognition of vertical dykes
of Merensky pyroxenite in the footwall suggests downward collapse of crystal mush into pull-apart sites resulting from tensional deformation due to the loading effects of major new
magma additions. In contrast, crosscutting anorthosite veins display physical and isotopic evidence of upward emplacement. The Merensky Reef and its footwall have distinct initial Sr-isotope ratios (R
0 > 0.7066 and <0.7066, respectively), which may be used to constrain these processes related to pothole formation. Merensky
Reef in potholes (R
0 = 0.7069−0.7078) shows no isotopic evidence of assimilation of, or reaction with, footwall material. Discrete, discordant
replacement bodies of anorthosite extend from the footwall lithologies to cross-cut the Merensky Reef and its hanging wall.
The initial Sr-isotope ratio in these replaced rocks is totally reset to footwall values (R
0 = 0.7066), and immediately adjacent stratiform lithologies are slightly modified towards footwall values. In contrast, Neptunian
pyroxenitic (Merensky) dykes cross-cutting the footwall lithologies, with a large surface area to volume ratio, and low Sr
content, do not display footwall-like Sr-isotope initial-ratios (R
0 = 0.7077), and thus show no evidence for assimilation of or reaction with footwall material. Furthermore, pegmatoidal replacement
pyroxenite (“replacement pegmatoid”), at the base of the Merensky Reef within potholes, has a high initial-ratio (R
0 > 0.7071), and so models of pervasive metasomatism by footwall material are not applicable. This isotopic evidence indicates
that there was no active interaction of footwall material with the overlying magma during, or after, the formation of Merensky
Reef potholes, a basic tenet of existing pothole formation hypotheses involving footwall mass-transfer. In contrast, the isotopic
data are entirely consistent with an extensional model for pothole formation, with the more radiogenic Merensky magma migrating
laterally to fill extensional zones in the footwall layers.
Received: 11 October 1997 / Accepted: 21 December 1998 相似文献
13.
To study neotectonics, the structural and morphotectonic aspects are studied along a part of mountain front region of Northeast
Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Unpaired river terraces are recognized near north of transverse Burai River exit, which
is cut by an oblique fault. Across this fault, fluvial terraces are located at heights of 22.7 and 3 m, respectively, on the
left and right banks. A water gap is formed along the river channel where the uplifted Middle Siwalik sandstone beds dipping
43° towards ENE direction, thrust over the Quaternary deposit consisting of boulders, cobbles, pebbles and sandy matrix. This
river channel incised the bedrock across the intraformational Ramghat Thrust along which the rocks of the Middle Siwalik Formation
thrust over the Upper Siwalik Formation. Recent reactivated fault activity is suggested north of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust
that forms the youngest deforming front of the Himalaya. The uplifting along the stream channel is noticed extended for a
distance of ~130 m and as a result the alluvial river channel became a bedrock river. The relative displacement of rocks is
variable along the length of strike–slip faults developed later within the Ramghat Thrust zone. Longitudinal and Channel gradient
profiles of Burai River exhibit knick points and increase in river gradient along the tapering ends of the profiles. The study
suggests active out-of-sequence neotectonically active thrusting along the mountain front. Neotectonics combined with climatic
factor during the Holocene times presents a virgin landscape environment for studying tectonic geomorphology. 相似文献
14.
黄河下游(泺口以下)发育了大量的壶穴(Pothole),按成因可以分为6种:流水侵蚀、风蚀、圆砾铸模、冰压刻、冰融水滴蚀及泄气侵蚀。流水侵蚀形成的圆形Pothole规模不一,小者直径在十余厘米,深数厘米,大者直径达数米,深1 m余;风蚀形成的圆形Pothole规模一般比较小,直径多在二、三十厘米以下,深10 cm以下,大部分穴壁缓斜,状如盘碟;圆砾铸模形成的Pothole规模一般较小,直径多在一、二十厘米以下、穴壁陡倾,状如锅穴;冰融水滴蚀形成的Pothole形态复杂,规模不一,既有穴壁缓斜的盘碟状者,也有穴壁陡倾近乎直立的近圆柱状者,直径从不足1cm到三、四十厘米,其穴缘、穴壁和穴底常有次级构造;泄气侵蚀形成的Pothole更是十分复杂,平面形态可以圆形到近圆形甚至其他复杂形态,穴壁可以非常平缓,也可以陡倾,直径从数厘米到数十厘米,深数毫米到二、三十厘米,穴缘和穴壁也常有次级伴生构造,既可单独产出,也可成群产出,同时还可以多个密集产出,状如蜂巢,这一类Pothole的成因极为独特,主要与黄河断流河床捕获的空气泄漏有关。 相似文献
15.
5.12汶川8级大地震沿龙门山断裂带形成长350多km,宽约50 km的地表破裂带,触发了1万多处崩塌、滑坡、泥石流(碎屑流)地质灾害,其中巨型灾害体87处、大型灾害体606处,形成了136个较大规模的堰塞湖。地震地质灾害的链生特征显著,形成地震-崩塌、地震-滑坡-碎屑流-堰塞湖-堰塞坝溃决-泥石流等典型地质灾害链。地震次生地质灾害具有分布范围广、数量多、种类全、密度大、强度高、致灾重的特点。在部分地区,崩塌、滑坡和碎屑流的分布面积占地震极重灾区面积的30%~58％,甚至高达80％。据初步统计,崩塌、滑坡和碎屑流共导致大约2万人死亡,其中北川县老县城滑坡导致1 600多人死亡。地震次生地质灾害主要沿断裂带、河谷和交通线分布。崩塌、滑坡的破裂源主要位于河流拐弯处靠近侵蚀岸一侧、山脊两侧及坡肩部位,这与上述部位对地震动峰值加速度的放大作用直接相关。地震次生地质灾害主要受地震动峰值加速度和地形控制,其次为岩性、斜坡结构、活动断裂、人类工程活动。许多大型崩塌、滑坡还具有高速远程的特征,部分崩塌、滑坡 碎屑流位移达数km,速度高达100~300 m/s,其运动轨迹复杂多变,常常导致多处人员伤亡,是高山峡谷地区地质灾害风险评估和减灾防灾必须面临的新课题。根据上述情况,文中对汶川地震次生地质灾害的基本特征、分布规律和主要影响因素进行了初步总结,并对地震滑坡的形成机制和运动模式进行了初步探讨。首次提出高山峡谷地区单一斜坡上呈阶梯状多级滑动的群发性地震滑坡的形成模式:强烈地震往往引起剧烈的地面震动,而高陡的山脊及其坡肩部位对地震波具有明显的放大作用,因此,上述部位往往是地震滑坡的高易发地段,当地震动峰值加速度超过不稳定性斜坡的临界峰值加速度时,斜坡失稳破坏形成一系列的群发性滑坡,从上到下往往形成阶梯状多级滑动的滑坡群,此种模式适用于残坡积层、风化层地震滑坡和主滑面较缓的地震基岩滑坡。最后,指出了今后应重点研究的科学问题,并对防灾减灾措施提出了一些建议。 相似文献
16.
通过岩体结构调查、渗透张量计算和压水试验研究岩体渗透性能.结果发现,基岩裂隙潜水活跃带距地表70 m,是有毒元素向河流迁移的活跃通道,须采取河流改道、防渗等应急措施.地下水在岩体中的渗透以垂直方向为主,水平方向较小,总体上对工程有利. 相似文献
17.
研究岩性差异对溶蚀速率的影响有助于提高溶蚀试片法估算岩溶碳汇强度的精确度。本文以贵州省普定县为研究区,将埋放地的主要基岩类型（石灰岩与白云岩）制成标准尺寸的试片,并将其埋设于不同土地利用类型和土壤深度下,经过4个水文年的监测后将估算的结果与前人在同一区域使用标准溶蚀试片的研究结果进行对比分析,结果表明:（1）在相同气候和土壤环境条件下,岩性对溶蚀试片的溶蚀速率有显著影响,且溶蚀速率与岩石中CaO含量呈正相关关系,与MgO含量呈负相关关系;（2）石灰岩与白云岩试片溶蚀速率的差异程度受土地利用及埋放深度的调控,整体上石灰岩溶蚀速率比白云岩溶蚀速率大14%;（3）不同岩性试片估算的岩溶碳汇强度相差较大,标准溶蚀试片估算的结果比埋放地基岩试片估算的结果高。故使用溶蚀试片法估算区域岩溶碳通量时应考虑埋放地基岩的岩性,或者对基于标准溶蚀试片的估算结果进行校正,才能准确反映区域尺度真实的岩溶碳通量大小。 相似文献
18.
Failure mechanisms and triggering factors in calcareous cliffs of the Subalpine Ranges (French Alps) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In order to enhance the detection of prospective rock falls in calcareous cliffs, 25 rock falls have been described in a more detailed way than for an inventory. They are representative of middle size rock falls (10 to 100,000 m3) occurring in the French Subalpine Ranges, at an elevation between 200 m and 2000 m. Structural conditions of the rock masses, morphology of the initial cliff surface and the scar, possible failure mechanisms and processes have been studied. Typical failure configurations have been identified, based on the attitude of the failure surface, in relation to the bedding planes and the cliff surface. Irregular cliff morphology appears to be another important susceptibility factor. In most cases, the classical comparison of the average planes of the main joint sets with the average plane of the slope could not define the potentially unstable masses. Rather, those ones are due to joint planes that deviate from their mean set plane or to irregularities of the cliff surface. The proposed investigation method to detect prospective rock falls mainly consists in observing stereoscopic aerial photographs in order to look for critical configurations. Once a critical mass has been detected, its failure probability for a period of the order of one century must be evaluated (or its life expectancy). The main factor to consider for this purpose appears to be the proportion of rock bridges in the potential failure surface.
The triggering factors of rock falls in our study area have been investigated, by analysing an inventory of 46 rock falls. Statistical tests have been carried out to study the relation between rock falls and daily rainfall, freeze–thaw cycles or earthquakes. A good correlation has been obtained with freeze–thaw cycles, a slight correlation with rainfall and no correlation with earthquakes. This suggests that ice jacking could the main physical process leading to failure by causing microcrack propagation. 相似文献
19.
相同形貌结构面重复性剪切试验和各向异性剪切试验一直是岩体结构面剪切力学特性试验研究中的难点,而该问题对于工程岩体的开挖力学响应和稳定性分析、评价与控制至关重要,问题的关键在于同一种岩石的结构面形貌的再现。为此,基于3D扫描和3D雕刻技术,重复制备了3种不同粗糙度的大理岩结构面试样,开展了不同法向应力下相同形貌结构面的各向异性剪切试验。试验结果发现：（1）同一法向应力、不同剪切方向下,相同形貌结构面的剪切强度、剪胀和剪切破坏特征均呈现明显各向异性;（2）结构面粗糙度各向异性很大程度上决定了剪切强度的各向异性,两者具有较好的正相关性;（3）随着法向应力的升高,结构面剪切特征的各向异性有逐渐弱化的趋势。同时,研究还充分表明,3D雕刻技术是系统开展结构面剪切力学特征各向异性研究的可靠手段,可在将来研究中发挥更为重要的作用。 相似文献
20.
以江苏南部1∶50万航磁资料为基础,通过对区内岩矿石磁性特征的归纳与分析,对区内航磁异常形成的地质因素作了讨论,并对区内航磁异常进行了分类、分区及地质解释。通过进一步对区内航磁资料的数据处理,对区内深变质磁性基底面的埋深、形态特征及其地质意义作了讨论,对区内构造岩基带平面分布及垂向分布特征,特别是对长江断裂带也一并作了推断解释。 相似文献