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1.
藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a作为特征色素常用于表征蓝藻的生物量.藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a通常用荧光光谱或原位荧光强度检测,但是在实际水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a的荧光效应相互干扰会影响测量精度,极大限制了该方法的应用.本文根据朗伯比尔定律,利用二阶矩阵模型设计了一套在荧光检测过程中"激发光-发射光"优化抗干扰的波长选择方法,并利用多元线性回归分析建立了两种色素浓度与荧光强度之间的多元校正线性模型,实验验证了所筛选蓝藻荧光分析法中特定激发光和发射光波长的有效性.本研究实现了两种色素检测过程中的成功解耦,可在藻蓝蛋白的原位检测中排除水体中藻蓝蛋白与叶绿素a之间的相互干扰,提高藻蓝蛋白和叶绿素a的原位检测精度,为开发便携式蓝藻检测传感器时的波长选择提供理论基础. 相似文献
2.
水体中浮游植物在越冬期间数量少,关于湖泊中越冬浮游植物如蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻等浮游植物的光合作用活性情况少见报道.本实验通过Phyto-PAM(Pulse Amplitude Modulation)对最大光量子产量Fv/Fm(可变荧光和最大荧光之比)和快速光曲线的测定,结合显微镜镜检结果,并在室内进行了硫酸铜处理以及鲁哥氏液处理实验,对太湖、巢湖和玄武湖处于越冬期间的浮游植物进行了原位光合作用活性的研究.显微镜镜检结果表明太湖和玄武湖水体中以绿藻和硅藻为主,而蓝藻很少,巢湖水体中有大量蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻.Phyto-PAM在对玄武湖和太湖水样原位测定时未检测出蓝藻,而绿藻和硅藻有光合作用活性,其Fv/Fm在0.5左右;对巢湖的水体检测到的蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻都具有光合作用活性,其中绿藻和硅藻的Fv/Fm在0.5左右,蓝藻的Fv/Fm在0.3左右;用硫酸铜处理实验在巢湖水样中发现水体仅有硅藻活性(Fv/Fm下降至0.2左右),而用鲁哥氏液处理后无任何藻类光合作用活性.上述实验结果表明,即使处于越冬期间,以较多数量出现在水体中的蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻仍然具有较高的光合作用活性. 相似文献
3.
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton composition and biomass in 15 subtropical, urban shallow lakes in Wuhan, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
This study aims at investigating the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community in 15 urban shallow eutrophic lakes as well as the effects of main environmental factors, including nutrient concentrations and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, temperature, COD, BOD, water depth, etc. on the phytoplankton community structure. Lake water samples were taken and analyzed on a bimonthly basis during the period from March 2004 to March 2006. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and regression analysis (RA) were performed to identify the effects of nutrients on the phytoplankton community and biomass in these typical urban lakes. The results indicate that most of these urban lakes were hypertrophic due to high concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN), with mean levels of 490 and 5380 mg m−3, respectively. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa and Euglena caudate in summer and Cryptomonas ovata and Cyclotella meneghiniana in winter. The mean biomass of the phytoplankton reached 456.87 mg L−1 in summer months and the annual level was 189.24 mg L−1. Temperature and TP content were found to be the principal limiting factors for phytoplankton growth on an annual basis. On the other hand, the results of RDA and RA demonstrate that the dominant phytoplankton species were not nutrient-limited during summer months. Low TN:TP ratios (<10) were detected accompanied with fewer occurrences of N-fixing cyanobacteria and other filamentous algae in most lakes in summer, which implies that low N:P ratio does not always shifts the dominance of phytoplankton community to the N-fixing cyanobacteria. Moreover, TP always had higher correlation with chlorophyll a (Chl-a) than TN, even when the TN:TP ratios of most samples were lower than 10. Therefore, it is concluded that the TN:TP ratio is not always a suitable index to determine whether nitrogen or phosphorus limits the phytoplankton biomass in urban shallow eutrophic lakes. 相似文献
4.
广东长潭水库富营养化与浮游植物分布特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为掌握梅州市长潭水库富营养化状态与浮游植物分布特征,为控制藻类水华暴发提供科学依据,2011年10月至2012年7月,在长潭水库关键断面选取10个监测点,测定水体理化特征、浮游植物种类、丰度等指标,采用营养状态指数(TLI)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数法对水质污染现状进行评价,并分析浮游植物类群分布特征.结果表明:长潭水库水体富营养状态在4、10和12月处于中营养级,7月份处于富营养级,营养指数从库区中游上游逐渐降低;观测期间共检出浮游植物4门11科16属,通过丰度比较,发现长潭水库以蓝绿藻为优势种,并且季节变化明显,总体表现为7月 >4月 >10月 >12月;藻类多样性指数分析显示,水库水体污染水平为中度,中游和库区(除7月)为轻度污染,与综合营养指数结果一致;长潭水库污染源调查分析结果表明,该水库主要为氮、磷污染,污染源主要为上游禽畜养殖废水. 相似文献
5.
水体氮、磷营养盐水平对蓝藻优势形成的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以江苏省南京市富营养化程度不同的清溪、护城河、玄武湖、月牙湖、琵琶湖和前湖为研究对象,调查各水体浮游植物的群落特征和优势种,并结合藻类生长潜力试验,探究不同氮、磷营养水平的自然水体对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）和斜生栅藻（Scenedesmus obliquus）生长与竞争的影响.野外调查发现不同营养水平水体浮游植物优势种不同,按水体富营养化程度从高到底依次以绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和隐藻分别占优势.单一藻种培养时,铜绿微囊藻在清溪、护城河和玄武湖水体中生长均较好,而斜生栅藻仅在高氮、磷浓度的清溪和护城河水体中有较大生长量,说明斜生栅藻对氮、磷的需求高于铜绿微囊藻;两种藻共培养时,清溪水体中斜生栅藻占优势,护城河和玄武湖水体中铜绿微囊藻占优势,但其他水体中两种藻均不能生长,说明氮、磷浓度过高或过低都不利于蓝藻形成优势.对低营养水平的玄武湖、琵琶湖、月牙湖和前湖水体进行氮、磷加富后,两种藻均能较好地生长,且各组没有显著差异,说明藻类在这些水体中生长受到氮、磷的限制,氮、磷浓度升高会增加水华发生的风险.本研究将野外调查和藻类生长潜力实验相结合,深入探究了蓝藻优势形成与水体氮、磷营养水平的关系,揭示了蓝藻水华是湖泊富营养化发展到特定阶段的产物,水体氮、磷浓度过高或过低均不易产生蓝藻优势. 相似文献
6.
江西柘林水库是长江中游的大型峡谷型旅游性水库,库容79.2×10~8m~3,长115 km.2015年4月在56 km的中心库区走航和定点测量了水库表层水体浮游藻类、叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度与溶解无机氮(DIN)浓度、溶解无机磷(DIP)浓度、溶解硅(DSi)浓度、水温、浊度和溶解氧浓度等环境因子的分布特征.结果表明:1)水库属于中营养水体,表层主要浮游藻类(细胞丰度1000 cells/L)有34种,平均生物量为0.41 mg/L.主要优势藻类(优势度≥0.02)为硅藻和蓝藻,藻类组成与DIN浓度、DIP浓度、DSi浓度和水温等环境因子关系密切,4种因子对藻类结构的解释水平达60%以上.2)水库水体Chl.a浓度具有显著的次表层叶绿素最大值(SCM)现象,SCM层深度为3~8 m,厚度为2~7 m,SCM层占整个水体的25.2%~74.1%.SCM层的藻类对营养盐吸收消耗致使DIN、DIP和DSi浓度下降,同时藻类的产氧使溶解氧浓度增加.3)水库对DSi具有显著的生物过滤器效应,中、上层约有11%~12%的DSi被生物吸收利用,从上游至下游,累积约有21%的DSi被藻类吸收沉降于库底.4)人类氮、磷排放对水库生态和水质有严重影响,毗邻县城区域水体的Chl.a和DIP浓度分别是自然河段的2.9倍和3倍左右. 相似文献
7.
为了解贵州高原花溪水库在2017年3月生态调控蓝藻水华后,浮游植物物种多样性结构的稳定状况,于2017年4月2018年1月4个季节对花溪水库的浮游植物群落结构进行调查.运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、方差比率法、卡方检验和联结系数对主要浮游植物群落间的相互关系进行综合分析.结果表明:4个季节共出现优势种4门11种,其中硅藻门的尖针杆藻(Synedra acusva)和梅尼小环藻(Cylotella meneghiniana)在4个季节都为优势种,对水环境状态指示明显.各优势种的生态位宽度差异较大,变化范围为0.120~0.814,主要由广生态位种和窄生态位种组成.种对间生态位重叠值的变化范围为0.101~0.936,生境越相似的种对重叠值越大.方差比率法结果分析显示,优势种对间总体呈显著正关联.通过卡方检验后发现38对藻种中联结性显著的有9对,主要分布在夏、秋季,体现了花溪水库群落结构受人为干扰和季节变化的影响较大,呈"不稳定-稳定-不稳定"的交叉演替模式. 相似文献
8.
浮游植物对湖泊水体生态重建的响应——以太湖五里湖大型围隔示范工程为例 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
根据太湖五里湖湾生态重建大型围隔示范工程的现场观测结果,分析了湖泊生态重建措施对浮游植物的影响,结果显示:(1)在生态重建的第一年,尽管生态重建区内种植了大量水生植物,水体氮磷含量也有较大幅度的下降,水体透明度也被提高了近一倍,但是藻类却大量生长,并暴发了蓝藻水华;第二年,生态重建区的环境条件逐渐对藻类(包括蓝藻和其中的微囊藻)产生了抑制作用,开始出现藻类生物量下降趋势;表明生态重建措施(以水生植被重建为中心的生态系统重建组合措施)可以在较短时间内(当年)建立起一定规模的水生植物群落,有效降低水体氮磷营养盐,提高水体透明度,但要在较短时间内(2年内)完善一个较大的水生态系统结构、有效降低藻类生物量(特别是夏季)有一定困难.(2)尽管氮磷营养盐对水体藻类总量增加有较大影响,但并不是蓝藻大量暴发的决定因素,上行作用力对蓝藻的控制(bottom-up effort)表现弱于下行作用力(top-down effort).(3)较低的TN/TP比值(15.9-35.6,平均30.5)既是蓝藻水华暴发的原因,也是其作用的结果,其可能有利于蓝藻的大量暴发.(4)生态重建措施较大幅度地改善了水环境,但并没有显著提高藻类多样性指数(Shannon index),因此,单凭藻类多样性指数并不能完全反映水环境改善状况,在评价水环境质量方面需要结合其它多种指标进行综合评估. 相似文献
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Andrzej Grniak Piotr Zieli&#x;ski Elbieta Jekatierynczuk‐Rudczyk Magdalena Grabowska Tomasz Suchowolec 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2002,30(4):179-189
Long‐term studies were conducted on the polymictic Siemianówka reservoir (SR), situated in a seminatural forest‐peat catchment in NE Poland. The studies were started on the second year of the reservoir's existence. The records showed dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations gradually increasing up to 25…30 mg/L. The largest DOC pool in the reservoir comes from the spring load input, supplemented by the excessive development of phytoplankton with cyanobacteria dominance. The DOC limited the range of the photic zone, eliminated the occurrence of aquatic plants, and was a significant carrier of nutrients, which were gradually released to water, bringing about the “humoeutrophication” of the reservoir. 相似文献
11.
Phytoplankton composition and biomass, and microcystin content were determined on diverse dates between November 2001 and June 2006 in the final oxidation pond of the Nakuru town sewage treatment plant. The oxidation ponds as well as the rivulet that drains the same are important water sources for some wildlife in the park. The phytoplankton composition of the pond studied mostly comprised coccoid green alga species. However, occasionally cyanobacteria or euglenoids were dominant. Among the cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp. made periodic appearance in the phytoplankton, and was the dominant species on some occasions. Total phytoplankton biomass varied widely from 48 to 135 mg L−1 (wet weight) while cyanobacteria biomass ranged from undetectable levels to 130 mg L−1. Most phytoplankton biomass was due to one or a few species. Detectable cyanotoxin concentrations (sum of microcystins) of up to 551.08 μg mg−1 dry weight (DW) of cyanobacteria biomass or 0.28 μg mg−1 DW of total phytoplankton biomass were recorded in samples collected on different dates. Microcystin content did not appear to correspond to the biomass of cyanobacteria suggesting that toxin production is possibly triggered by environmental changes or changes in the proportion of toxic strains. An occasional presence of microcystins in the pond water suggests that the wildlife species, which regularly use the ponds as drinking water sources are potentially exposed to intoxication. A close monitoring of pond water phytoplankton composition is necessary to accurately quantify the potential impact of cyanotoxins on these wildlife species. 相似文献
12.
Bloom‐forming cyanobacteria have been observed in eutrophic waterbodies including drinking water reservoirs all over the world. In this connection investigations about the relevance of intra‐ and extracellular cyanotoxins for drinking water treatment were carried out in laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale experiments. An algae growth phase depended toxin release from cyanobacteria was obtained naturally caused from cultured cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) and in a eutrophic reservoir containing Planktothrix rubescens. Results from laboratory‐scale tests using cultivated cyanobacteria and pilot‐scale experiments at a eutrophic reservoir underline the induced toxin release during conventional water treatment. Additional to the known toxin release using pre‐oxidation, it was obtained the first time that the application of flocculation/filtration also effects in toxin release under the conditions investigated, possibly caused by turbulences in pipes and pressure gradients in filters. 相似文献
13.
Ammonium,nitrate and phytoplankton interactions in a freshwater tidal estuarine zone: potential effects of cultural eutrophication 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rita B. Domingues Ana B. Barbosa Ulrich Sommer Helena M. Galvão 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(3):331-343
Nitrate and ammonium are the most important nitrogen sources for phytoplankton growth. Differential utilization of inorganic
nitrogenous compounds by phytoplankton has been observed and may have significant impacts on primary productivity at local
scales. We used enrichment experiments with natural phytoplankton populations from the freshwater tidal zone of the Guadiana
estuary, a coastal ecosystem increasingly subjected to anthropogenic influences, to study the effects of nitrate and ammonium
on N-consumption and phytoplankton growth. In addition, we used combined additions of nitrate and ammonium to understand the
inhibitory effect of ammonium over nitrate uptake. Ammonium concentrations in the freshwater tidal reaches of the Guadiana
estuary throughout the sampling period were too low to exert an inhibitory effect on nitrate uptake or a toxic effect on phytoplankton
growth. Nitrate was clearly the main nitrogen source for phytoplankton at the study site. Overall, nitrate seemed to become
limiting at concentrations lower than 20 μM and N-limitation was particularly significant during summer. A trend of decreasing
nitrate uptake with increasing ammonium concentrations and uptake suggested an overall preference for ammonium. However, preference
for ammonium was group-specific, and it was observed mainly in green algae and cyanobacteria. In fact, cyanobacteria relied
only on ammonium as their N-source. On the contrary, diatoms preferred nitrate, and did not respond to ammonium additions.
The increasing eutrophication in the Guadiana estuary and particularly increased inputs of nitrogen as ammonium due to urban
waste effluents may result in a shift in phytoplankton community composition, towards a dominance of cyanobacteria and green
algae. 相似文献
14.
随着湖泊流域经济的快速发展,蓝藻水华频繁暴发的现象越来越严重,水体富营养化已经成为国内外重大环境问题.浮游植物是水体的初级生产者,是衡量水体富营养化程度的主要指标之一,遥感技术则是探测水体浮游植物时空分布的重要手段.在收集整理近千篇国内外水体浮游植物遥感研究论文的基础上,从卫星数据源、研究内容及研究方法等角度,总结了遥感技术在富营养化湖泊浮游植物监测应用的历史进展、研究重点及发展趋势.研究表明,现有的富营养化水体浮游植物遥感研究,以湖泊蓝藻水华问题为切入点,研究视角由水体表层(藻华面积、色素浓度)转至水下三维(藻总量),研究方法从定性识别转向定量反演,研究内容从监测蓝藻水华推进到探测不同类群蓝藻,逐渐形成了以应用为导向,"MODIS/VIIRS大中型湖泊日常监测—GF/Sentinel2小型湖泊针对性监测—无人机应急监测"的浮游植物遥感综合监测体系.上述研究梳理了富营养化水体浮游植物遥感监测湖泊水环境学科的发展动向,以期为从事蓝藻水华生态灾害监测和预警人员提供重要的技术支撑和理论参考. 相似文献
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丹江口水库浮游植物及其演变 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
1992年12月至1993年9月对丹江口水库进行四季调查,共采集到浮游植物60属,年平均密度为42.18×10~4个/L,生物量为0.71mg/L。浮游植物种类和现存量在库区的分布均表现为汉江库区较丹江库区丰富。本文还根据1958年、1986～87年和1992～1993年丹江口水库库区的三次调查资料,分析丹江口水库蓄水前后以及建库26年以来浮游植物群落结构(包括密度、生物量、种类组成和优势种)的主要变化。以秋季丹江口水库坝前和汉江库区的肖川为代表,浮游植物密度从每升几万个增加到每升几百万个,生物量每升毫克数增加了数十倍。种类组成由河流型硅藻占优势逐步演化为硅藻—甲藻—蓝藻型。1993年浮游植物种类数显著低于1987年。年数量变动曲线由1987年的夏季高峰向后推移至秋季。 相似文献
17.
安徽菜子湖浮游植物群落结构的周年变化(2010年) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
2010年对菜子湖浮游植物群落结构进行了调查和分析,结果显示:(1)共鉴定浮游植物8门110属285种,不同月份浮游植物的种类组成存在极显著差异,3月份种类数最多,173种,1月份最少,105种.优势度分析显示:蓝藻存在全年高峰;硅藻存在1、5、9、11月的高峰;黄藻存在1、3、5月的高峰;绿藻存在11月的高峰,隐藻存在5月份的高峰;金藻存在1月份的高峰.不同月份浮游植物的细胞密度亦存在极显著差异,7月份最高,为(66.13±8.58)×105cells/L,1月份最低,为(12.78±0.61)×105cells/L,夏、秋季较高,冬、春季较低;不同月份浮游植物的生物量差异极显著,9月份最高,为2.80±0.17 mg/L,5月份最低,为0.72±0.03 mg/L.(2)Margalef丰度指数为1.51～3、Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为1.41～3.01、Pielou均匀度指数为0.39～0.66,各指数表现为冬、春季节大于夏、秋季节,3月份最高,7月份最低.(3)聚类分析的结果显示,月份不同影响因素不同,菜子湖水域浮游植物按群落结构特征的分组不同.(4)2007年相比,2010年浮游植物物种数有明显下降,由340种下降到285种,细胞密度明显上升,由(5.91±0.90)×105cells/L上升到(33.81±10.10)×105cells/L,群落结构变化较大,贫营养型和固着型藻类都有所减少,富营养型藻类、丝状藻类和浮游性藻类增多. 相似文献
18.
A short review is given on the production of algae, their influence on the matter budget, the damage to the biocoenosis of waters and on the purification processes of algae-enriched rawwaters. For the development and construction of an in-situ device to monitor the content of phytoplankton in eutrophicated waters on ships, measurements of the spectral reflectance in shallow inland and bay waters were made from 1983 till 1985. Simultaneously chlorophyll-a and secchi-disk transparency were measured. Especially marked correlations (partly dependent on the season and the type of the water body) exist between the quotient of reflectance at the wavelengths of 710 and 660 nm and the chlorophyll-a concentrations (7… 320 μg/l) and between the reflectance at 710 nm and reciprocal values of secchi-disk transparency (0.3… 3.0 m). On the basis of these results a prototype of a two-channel spectrometer was produced. 相似文献
19.
抚仙湖、洱海、滇池浮游藻类功能群1960s以来演变特征 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
作为主要的初级生产者,浮游植物在水生生态系统中扮演着重要的角色,浮游植物的时空分布反映了生态环境的变化.依据浮游植物的形态、生理、生态特点而定义的浮游藻类功能群对藻类的耐受性和敏感性进行了描述,因而浮游藻类功能群的组成是生境特征的良好指示者.对1960s至今抚仙湖、洱海、滇池3个高原湖泊的浮游藻类组成进行分析,并首次将功能群理论运用到这3个湖泊.结果表明,3个湖泊的浮游藻类优势功能群组成在近50～60年间发生了明显的改变:抚仙湖的浮游藻类优势功能群演变过程为C、X2、Lo、F、P(1960s)-H1、C、P(1980s)-P、C、T(1990s)-T(2000年以后);洱海的浮游藻类优势功能群演变过程为J、Lo、MP、C、H1(1960s)-C、H1(1980s)-C、H1(1990s)-C、H1、M(2000年以后);滇池的浮游藻类优势功能群演变过程为J、N、P、MP、Lo(1960s)-J、P、MP、M(1980s)-J、M(1990s)-M(2000年以后).抚仙湖、洱海、滇池水体内的藻类功能群演替趋势特征,即耐低温物种的减少以及喜营养物种的增加,表明3个高原湖泊在近几十年可能受到了气候变暖和营养程度增加的影响. 相似文献
20.
Udo Noack Thomas Geffke Ramani Balasubramanian Jutta Papenbrock Mike Braune Dirk Scheerbaum 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2003,31(6):482-490
The effects of the chloroacetanilide herbicide metazachlor have been investigated in outdoor artificial mesocosms. Decreasing phytoplankton densities were caused by the application, however, the communities recovered after 30 to 35 days. Periphyton growth was found to be affected not only by the herbicide application but by the presence of species with different ability to grow on artificial substrates. Zooplankton diversity was small due to low density of ingestible algae species. Oxygen saturation was found to be correlated with the dosage levels of the herbicide in the second half of the study. 相似文献