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1.
为了明晰张家口坝下地区高氟地下水的成因，探究其对当地居民饮用水安全的潜在影响，采集了391组潜水样品（井深≤ 100 m），通过水化学分析法、图解法、离子比例法、饱和指数计算法等对高氟地下水的分布与成因进行了分析，并利用美国EPA非致癌健康风险评价模型对四类受体人群进行健康风险评价。结果表明，研究区高氟地下水（ρ（F-）>1.5 mg/L）主要分布在地势低洼、高氟岩浆岩下游的山前地带、封闭式小盆地、沿河两侧的径流滞缓区等地区，其主要机制主要包括矿物风化溶解作用、碱性环境下的晶格置换作用和阳离子交换作用；盐效应会影响研究区地下水中F-富集，但不是高氟地下水的主要成因；农业活动与地下水中F-的富集无关。此外，坝下地区分布的电厂、钢铁厂等是永定河水系的潜在污染源，对高氟地下水形成的影响不容忽视。研究区婴儿、儿童、成年男性和成年女性的平均健康风险指数依次为1.20，0.74，0.69，0.56，呈现出受体年龄越小，风险越高；女性对含氟地下水的抗风险能力优于男性的特征。建议针对高风险区发展多水源联合供水模式，提升退氟改水工程效率，保障区域供水安全。   相似文献   

2.
Hydrological and hydro-chemical monitoring of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in a small urbanized catchment was conducted in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin, China, from 2010 through 2011. The diffuse N and P loadings in different forms of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), dissolved nitrogen (DN) and phosphorus (DP), as well as particulate nitrogen (PN) and phosphorus (PP) were calculated based on runoff discharges and chemical analyses. The results revealed that the diffuse pollution concentrations of TN, DN, PN, TP, DP and PP exhibited large variations during rainfall events, with peak concentrations occurring during the initial period. For all of the measured parameters, the event mean concentrations (EMCs) were observed to clearly vary among rainfall events. The EMCs of TN, DN, PN, TP, DP and PP (for all of the observed rainfall events) were 10.04, 6.62, 3.42, 1.30, 0.47 and 0.83 mg/L, respectively. The losses of diffuse N and P exhibited clear seasonal patterns and mainly occurred during the period from July through September, when the losses totaled 99.3 and 9.6 kg/ha for TN and TP, respectively, accounting for 75% and 74% of the total annual loadings. The mean annual loadings of TN and TP were 124.6 and 12.9 kg/ha, respectively. The results indicate that residential areas in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin are subject to high diffuse N and P loadings, posing a serious risk to the receiving water quality. Ecological buffering belts are recommended to incorporate into the urbanized catchment to reduce diffuse pollution.  相似文献   

3.
应用环境同位素水文地球化学方法对关中盆地南部各主要含水层间的水力联系进行了探讨。研究结果表明,关中盆地南部各含水层间不同程度存在水力联系,所调查井泉中半数以上的第三系和上覆第四系下部更新统含水层发生了水力联系。环境同位素水文地球化学研究证实,盆地边缘深大断裂是沟通关中盆地南部各含水层间水力联系的关键因素。在山前断裂带出露的地下热水是地壳内部的热水与各含水层冷水混合的结果,冷水的组成以深层冷水为主,参与混合的冷水为古水,与净热水形成时代相差不大。  相似文献   

4.
在内陆干旱区,作为重要饮用水源的地下水常面临氟含量超标问题。查明内陆干旱区高氟地下水的分布规律,了解氟在地下水中的富集过程及其影响因素,既可丰富高氟地下水的研究体系,也是保证内陆干旱区饮水安全的重要基础。以新疆阿克苏地区典型山前洪积扇——依格齐艾肯河-喀拉玉尔滚河河间地带为研究区,基于水文地球化学调查结果,刻画了高氟地下水的分布区;结合氟离子含量与特征性水化学指标间的关系,揭示了高氟地下水的成因机制。结果表明:①地下水中氟含量的变化范围为0.8~6.1 mg/L,83%的水样氟含量超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）规定的上限（1.0 mg/L）;②总体上,氟含量沿地下水流动路径逐渐增大,低氟地下水（ρ（F-）≤1.0 mg/L）分布在国道314以北的补给区,高氟地下水（ρ（F-）>1.0 mg/L）分布在国道314以南的径流区和排泄区;③高氟地下水的水化学类型以Cl·HCO3-Na型为主,而低氟地下水则以Cl·SO4-Na型为主,高氟地下水相比于低氟地下水优势阴离子偏向于HCO3-;④地下水的pH值范围为7.9~8.9（均值为8.4）,表明其处于弱碱环境中。地下水中ρ（F-）与pH值呈正相关,此外构成浅层含水层的上更新统沉积物中含有黑云母、氟磷灰石等矿物,其表面存在一定数量的可交换F-,这表明水中OH-与矿物表面F-间的阴离子交换可能对氟的富集有一定贡献;⑤地下水的F-含量与Ca2+含量呈负相关,即高氟地下水中ρ（Ca2+）小于低氟地下水。考虑到氟化钙（CaF2）是自然界中的主要含氟矿物,也是地下水中氟的主要来源,ρ（F-）与ρ（Ca2+）间的这种负相关指示着高氟地下水中可能存在去Ca2+、Mg2+作用,如阳离子交替吸附或碳酸盐岩沉淀等。研究区地下水样中ρ（F-）与ρ（Mg2+）间也呈负相关关系,且和ρ（F-）与ρ（Ca2+）间的关系高度相似,也佐证了高氟地下水中去Ca2+、Mg2+作用的存在;⑥绝大部分地下水样品都位于氯碱性指数图的负值区域,且ρ（F-）与CAI-1和CAI-2均呈较好负相关,CAI-1和CAI-2都随ρ（F-）的增大而减小,这表明高氟地下水中存在Ca2+、Mg2+与Na+间更强的交换作用,对氟富集起着重要作用。地下水中ρ（F-）与SAR间呈较好正相关关系,且高氟地下水样的SAR均值（5.71）远大于低氟地下水SAR均值（1.67）,这也进一步证明高氟地下水中的Ca2+、Mg2+与含水介质的Na+间存在强烈的交替作用,对氟的富集起着重要作用;⑦所有地下水样中的萤石均处于未饱和状态,且萤石的饱和指数（SI）与F-含量间呈现较好的正相关,这表明地下水对含氟矿物（主要是萤石）的持续溶解应是导致研究区地下水中氟富集的主要原因。与之相反,研究区所有地下水样中的方解石均处于过饱和状态（SI>0）。这表明CaCO3的沉淀可能促进了CaF2的溶解,导致地下水中氟离子质量浓度增高;⑧研究区低氟地下水的δ18O值介于-11.20‰~-10.67‰间,平均值为-10.94‰,而高氟地下水的δ18O值介于-11.65‰~-11.21‰间,平均值为-11.49‰,即低氟地下水较高氟地下水富集δ18O。此外,F-质量浓度较低（ρ（F-）≤3.0 mg/L）的地下水样中δ18O值与F-质量浓度呈负相关,即低氟地下水具有更正的δ18O值;F-质量浓度较高（ρ（F-）≥4.8 mg/L）的地下水样中δ18O值与F-质量浓度的相关性不显著,随F-质量浓度的增高,δ18O值基本维持不变。以上表明蒸发浓缩作用对地下水中氟的富集贡献较小;⑨研究区地下水中ρ（F-）/ρ（Cl-）比值与ρ（F-）间呈现正相关,即ρ（F-）/ρ（Cl-）比值随ρ（F-）增高呈增大趋势,这也说明地下水中氟富集的主要原因是含氟矿物的溶解,而不是蒸发浓缩作用。此外,Gibbs图也提供了证据:研究区地下水样基本处于水岩作用主导区域,表明地下水化学特征（包括氟的富集）主要受水岩作用控制,蒸发浓缩影响很小。总之,地下水中氟的富集主要由溶解作用引起,OH-与矿物表面F-间的交换也有贡献,但蒸发浓缩作用影响微弱。含氟矿物持续溶解的驱动机制是阳离子交替吸附（地下水中Ca2+与岩土颗粒表面Na+之间）及方解石沉淀所引起的地下水中Ca2+的衰减。   相似文献   

5.
水系沉积物地球化学测量是卓有成效的找矿技术方法, 基于汇水盆地的水系沉积物地球化学异常提取有助于追溯异常源头、指明找矿方向。基于SCB法提出了汇水盆地法, 该方法以自然汇水盆地为预测单元, 将各样品点的地球化学属性特征赋予各自所在区域, 预测结果较为符合地形地貌特征, 且对于采样密度较高的1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量数据有较好的应用效果。以东昆仑乌拉斯太地区为研究区, 使用高精度DEM划分汇水盆地, 利用该方法对1∶5万水系沉积物Au、Ag、Pb因子得分进行了异常信息提取, 在提取过程中利用多种地貌参数(干流坡度、地形起伏比、汇水盆地面积)作为泥沙输移比进行残差校正计算, 并在此基础上, 利用C-A分形法分离了地球化学背景与异常。异常提取结果表明, 汇水盆地面积参数最适合用作乌拉斯太地区的泥沙输移比参与顺流衰减校正, 使用汇水盆地法可以有效识别和提取该地区地球化学异常信息。使用汇水盆地法提取的化探异常范围与矿床空间位置吻合度高, 可以为进一步找矿工作提供有利的信息。   相似文献   

6.
The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcGIS spatial analysis, including geomorphologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spatial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment.  相似文献   

7.
水文地球化学是识别地下水流系统的重要方法,然而区域尺度上多级嵌套地下水流系统的复杂性使地下水化学组成的分析和解释难度增加。以鄂尔多斯北部盆地湖泊集中区典型的胡同察汗淖地下水流系统为例,基于丰水期和枯水期3个期次不同深度地下水样品的物理化学数据,应用时空聚类与主成分分析方法,揭示地下水化学组成的空间分布特征、变化规律及其作用机制,分析水化学时空聚类结果对多级嵌套地下水流系统划分的可行性。该聚类结果将地下水样品分为3类,其中C1为以Na-HCO3型为主的深层地下水,具有偏负的氢氧同位素组成（δD < -70‰,δ18O < -9‰）和极低浓度的NO3-;C2为Ca-HCO3为主的浅层地下水,具有偏正的氢氧同位素组成（δD > -70‰,δ18O > -9‰）和高浓度的NO3-;而C3呈无优势阳离子、δD和δ18O变化范围大且显著线性相关等深、浅地下水混合特征。呈南北条带分布在苏贝淖-胡同察汗淖排泄区的C2和部分C3水化学组成有一定的季节变化。研究验证了研究区受地形和湖泊排泄控制的浅层局部和深层区域地下水流系统的空间分布,识别了苏贝淖-胡同察汗淖排泄区受浅循环和深循环共同影响的强烈作用带,证明了水化学时空聚类方法识别多级嵌套地下水流系统的可行性。   相似文献   

8.
The spatial distribution of soil physical properties is essential for modeling and understanding hydrological processes. In this study, the different spatial information (the conventional soil types map-based spatial information (STMB) versus refined spatial information map (RSIM)) of soil physical properties, including field capacity, soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity are used respectively as input data for Water Flow Model for Lake Catchment (WATLAC) to determine their effectiveness in simulating hydrological processes and to expound the effects on model performance in terms of estimating groundwater recharge, soil evaporation, runoff generation as well as partitioning of surface and subsurface water flow. The results show that: 1) the simulated stream flow hydrographs based on the STMB and RSIM soil data reproduce the observed hydrographs well. There is no significant increase in model accuracy as more precise soil physical properties information being used, but WATLAC model using the RSIM soil data could predict more runoff volume and reduce the relative runoff depth errors; 2) the groundwater recharges have a consistent trend for both cases, while the STMB soil data tend to produce higher groundwater recharges than the RSIM soil data. In addition, the spatial distribution of annual groundwater recharge is significantly affected by the spatial distribution of soil physical properties; 3) the soil evaporation simulated using the STMB and RSIM soil data are similar to each other, and the spatial distribution patterns are also insensitive to the spatial information of soil physical properties; and 4) although the different spatial information of soil physical properties does not cause apparent difference in overall stream flow, the partitioning of surface and subsurface water flow is distinct. The implications of this study are that the refined spatial information of soil physical properties does not necessarily contribute to a more accurate prediction of stream flow, and the selection of appropriate soil physical property data needs to consider the scale of watersheds and the level of accuracy required.  相似文献   

9.
水资源短缺的鄂尔多斯盆地内地下水遭受硝酸盐（NO3-）污染等问题日益突出，识别盆地不同地下水流系统的NO3-分布规律及其成因，对地下水资源的合理利用与保护具有重要意义。选取鄂尔多斯盆地北部湖泊集中区白垩系地下水系统为研究对象，基于水化学和聚类-主成分分析划分地下水流系统级次，在此基础上对比分析不同级次地下水流系统中NO3-分布特征，综合水化学和环境同位素分析识别多级次地下水流系统中NO3-来源及其潜在过程。研究表明:研究区ρ（NO3-）超出地下水质量标准（GB/T 14848-2017）Ⅲ类水标准的地下水样品集中在局部-中间地下水流系统，其超标率达到28%；区域地下水流系统中ρ（NO3-）均值约为1 mg/L。研究区不同级次地下水流系统中ρ（NO3-）分布特征主要与人类活动影响程度有关，而地下水蒸发富集和反硝化衰减作用对ρ（NO3-）的影响可以忽略。其中，局部-中间地下水流系统受到人类活动产生的污染影响显著，其NO3-污染主要来源于无机铵肥和粪便污水等；区域地下水流系统可能尚未受到人类活动污染，其NO3-来源于天然有机氮矿化。   相似文献   

10.
The rapid shrinkage of the surface area reflects the long-term deficit water budget of Qinghai Lake. Study of the yearly hydrology and meteorology in the lake catchment basin and the hydrologic factors as well as water budget led to the conclusion that evaporation exceeding the water input resulted in the drop of lake level, thai the obvious decrease of runoff to the lake and precipitation on the catchment accelerated the falling of lake level before 1987. and that increase of about 6.7% in rainfall on the whole basin will balance the lake's water budget.  相似文献   

11.
河套平原是我国地方性砷中毒最为严重的地区之一。基于河套平原浅层地下水的砷含量数据，利用地统计学中半变异函数分析法，对地下水砷含量的空间分布及其异质性特征进行了分析，并探讨其空间变异性的影响因素。结果显示，河套平原地下水砷含量整体上呈由南向北递增的趋势，在假设各向同性条件下，砷含量残差项的空间分布符合纯块金效应模型，在所测尺度上（2~4 km）为随机分布，不存在空间自相关性，短距离内变异较大；地下水砷含量的分维数较大（D=1.999），进一步说明该尺度上变异显著。地下水砷含量与沉积物中有机质关系密切。晚第四纪以来，河套平原北部山区的新构造运动和盆地沉积环境变迁形成多种成因、形态复杂的沉积相，导致有机质埋藏条件的高度空间变异性，进而导致地下水砷含量的高度空间变异。河套平原缓慢的地下水径流条件有利于砷元素空间变异性的维持。河套地区地下水砷的空间异质性研究，对有效预测未知地区饮水型砷暴露潜在风险、精准防控地方病和保障供水安全具有重要的科学意义。   相似文献   

12.
山区地下水流动受到区域气候条件、地形地貌、地质构造等因素共同控制,限于资料有限,其流动模式与控制机理尚不清晰。特别是地处甘肃北山的高放废物地质处置库预选区、河西走廊以及祁连山北麓区域地下水的流动模式,直接决定了处置库在万年时间尺度上的安全性。基于区域遥感构造解译、地质构造演化分析、地球物理勘探以及水文地质钻探,获取了典型剖面的水文地质结构与渗透特征;综合区域水文地质调查、水文地球化学与同位素特征数据,构建了甘肃北山-河西走廊-祁连山山区的水文循环概念模型;并通过构建区域地下水流动数值模型与多情景模拟,分析了甘肃北山-河西走廊-祁连山山区的地下水流动模式。结果表明,地形对于该地区的地下水流动模式具有主控作用,祁连山山区地下水难以越过海拔最低的河西走廊至北山山区排泄,河西走廊是祁连山山区地下水系统与北山山区地下水系统的边界;北山山区地下水在地形与岩性的控制下,仅发育局部流动系统且渗流速度缓慢。同时由于该地区地质构造的阻滞作用,北山新场地下水无法径直向南穿越构造向花海盆地排泄,渗流路径长度明显增加;仅有F95断裂构造以南山前地带地下水可向花海盆地排泄,但由于集水流域有限、渗流速度缓慢、循环交替能力差,排泄量较小。本研究探究了山区-盆地地下水循环模式,为高放废物地质处置库候选场址的适宜性评价提供了科学依据。   相似文献   

13.
地下水流是一种运动流体，空间上分布连续且能传递压力，在能量（势）差驱使下发生从水头高处向低处的运动。通常在补给（势源）区，地下水垂向上由上向下运动，而在排泄（势汇）区地下水由下向上运动，即地下水整个生命过程中总是由源到汇、向着能量减小的方向做径流运动，无论是在单个或多个透水岩层中都是如此。地下水分层勘查技术使在垂向上分层监测水头、水温和水质等成为可能，从而实现对不同及同一含水岩层的上下不同点间地下水流要素的比较，并判断全井或单井不同垂向区段的势源汇条件，为地下水流空间运动方向判定和地下水流系统划定奠定基础。本文以地下水流系统理论与试验观测研究为基础，论述了地下水分层勘查技术的原理、系统结构和功能，结合张掖盆地实例阐述了分层勘查技术在地下水补给与排泄区判识的应用方法。   相似文献   

14.
鹏山水源地开采松散岩类孔隙水和裂隙岩溶水,是莱芜市重要的饮用水水源地,潘西煤矿扩界开采可能对其造成影响。该文从水源地地下水的补径排条件、水文地质边界等多方面考虑,根据地下水动态观测结果,得出水源地和扩采区处于不同的水文地质单元、地貌单元,认为潘西煤矿扩界开采对水源地影响较小。  相似文献   

15.
流域空间离散化及其对径流过程模拟的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文分析比较了流域空间离散化的两种途径 :子流域法和网格法 ,并以此对流域径流过程模拟的影响进行了探讨。结果表明空间尺度和时间尺度之间应该是相互关联、相互匹配的 ;时空尺度具体大小的选定要根据研究目的、研究区域的面积、流域下扩建面信息源和模型输入资料的可获性综合考虑。  相似文献   

16.
The Jinsha River Basin is an important basin for hydropower in China and it is also the main runoff and sediment source area for the Yangtze River,which greatly influence the runoff and sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir.This study aims to characterize the spatial distribution,inter-annual variation of runoff and sediment load in the Jinsha River Basin,and to analyze the contribution of rainfall and human activities to the runoff and sediment load changes.The monitoring data on runoff,sediment load and precipitation were collected from 11hydrological stations in the Jinsha River Basin from1966 to 2016.The data observed at the outlet of the basin showed that 71.4%of the runoff is from the upper reaches of the Jinsha River Basin and the Yalong River,while 63.3%of the sediment is from the lower reaches(excluding the Yalong River).There is no significant increase in runoff on temporal scale in the Jinsha River Basin,while it has an abrupt change in runoff in both upstream and midstream in 1985,and an abrupt change in downstream in 1980 and2013.The sediment load demonstrated a significantincreasing trend in the upstream,no significant reducing trend in the midstream,but significant reducing trend in the downstream.The sediment load in upstream showed abrupt change in 1987,in midstream in 1978 and 2014,in downstream in 2012.Rainfall dominated runoff variation,contributing more than 59.0%of the total variation,while human activity,including reservoirs construction,the implementation of soil and water conservation projects,is the major factor to sediment load variation,contributing more than 87.0%of the total variation.  相似文献   

17.
This paper presents an assessment of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) on a glaciated(Qugaqie) and a non-glaciated(Niyaqu) subbasin of the Nam Co Lake. The Nam Co Lake is located in the southern Tibetan Plateau, two subbasins having catchment areas of 59 km~2 and 388 km~2, respectively. The scores of examined evaluation indices(i.e., R~2, NSE, and PBIAS) established that the performance of the SWAT model was better on the monthly scale compared to the daily scale. The respective monthly values of R~2, NSE, and PBIAS were 0.94, 0.97, and 0.50 for the calibration period while 0.92, 0.88, and -8.80 for the validation period. Glacier melt contribution in the study domain was simulated by using the SWAT model in conjunction with the Degree Day Melt(DDM) approach. The conjunction of DDM with the SWAT Model ensued improved results during both calibration(R~2=0.96, NSE=0.95, and PBIAS=-13.49) and validation (R~2=0.97, NSE=0.96, and PBIAS=-2.87) periods on the monthly time scale. Average contribution(in percentage) of water balance components to the total streamflow of Niyaqu and Qugaqie subbasins was evaluated. We found that the major portion(99.45%) of the streamflow in the Niyaqu subbasin was generated by snowmelt or rainfall surface runoff(SURF_Q), followed by groundwater(GW_Q, 0.47%), and lateral(LAT_Q, 0.06%) flows. Conversely, in the Qugaqie subbasin, major contributor to the streamflow(79.63%) was glacier melt(GLC_Q), followed by SURF_Q(20.14%), GW_Q(0.13%), and LAT_Q(0.089%). The contribution of GLC_Q was the highest(86.79%) in July and lowest(69.95%) in September. This study concludes that the performance of the SWAT model in glaciated catchment is weak without considering glacier component in modeling; however, it performs reasonably well in non-glaciated catchment. Furthermore, the temperature index approach with elevation bands is viable in those catchments where streamflows are driven by snowmelt. Therefore, it is recommended to use the SWAT Model in conjunction with DDM or energy base model to simulate the glacier melt contribution to the total streamflow. This study might be helpful in quantification and better management of water resources in data scarce glaciated regions.  相似文献   

18.
Due to the extremely arid climate in the western Qaidam Basin, the groundwater almost becomes the single water source for local residents and industrial production. It is necessary to know the reliable information on the groundwater cycle in this region for reasonable and sustainable exploitation of the groundwater resources with the further execution of recycling economy policies. This study focused on the recharge, the flow rate and the discharge of groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin through investigations on water chemistry and isotopes. Hydrological, chemical and isotopic characteristics show that the groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin was recharged by meltwater from new surface snow and old bottom glaciers on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. In addition, the results also prove that the source water is enough and stable, and the rates of the circulation and renewal of the groundwater are relatively quick. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater resources would guarantee the regional requirement if the meltwater volume of the mountains has not a great changes in future, moreover, water exploitation should be limited to the renewable amount of the groundwater reservoir in the western Qaidam Basin.  相似文献   

19.
Ever growing demand for water for agricultural activities in the Izeh Plain has enhanced the use of groundwater. Due to enormous groundwater abstraction since 1985, the overall static water level has receded by more than 5 meters reflecting that the aquifer is under stress condition. As a result, interest is focused on application of artificial recharge as an option for groundwater management to augment water supply in this area. Therefore, in the present investigations, suitable sites for artificial recharge were selected by an integrated surface and sub-surface assessment of the area. On the basis of the data collected from four target points, it was realized that the selected sites for artificial recharge could not meet water demand of the area. In this study attention was also paid to utilization of the existing Miangran Lake water as an alternative to combat water shortage for irrigation. The study further indicated that the available Miangran Lake water could be used for irrigation of the reclaimed agricultural land and enabling to convert 20o0 hectares of rain-fed land into irrigation. The total cost to utilize lake water is US$ 2,756,729 and it was estimated that the project could recoup the investment within 5 years which is quite reasonable in this water scarcity prone area.  相似文献   

20.
Located in the headwater upstream of the Taihu Lake region, which is a densely populated and economically developed area in China, the West Tiaoxi River catchment is a frequently food-hit area due to its nature and climatic characteristics. During the last several decades, more than ten catastrophic floods happened in this area, causing huge economic losses. Since 1990, due to the increasing property vulnerability to flood hazard, the disasters were even more serious than before, and economic losses increased year by year. Thus, there have great importance to study flood behaviors, flood risks and their consequences. In this paper the hydrologic/hydraulic modelling is presented firstly. It is the method to study the relationship between rainfall and runoff and the flood propagation process. Secondly, the author gives the summary of the current study methods for flood risk assessment. The West Tiaoxi River catchment has a long history of the construction of polders and hydraulic engineering. Most farmlands have been protected against floods. So the combination method has been used to obtain the real risk area. The results have been obtained by using this method, which, the authors think, will be used in disaster preparedness, property insurance etc. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49671028) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Biography: XU Peng-zhu (1965 —), male, a native of Funing County of Jiangsu Province, associate researcher. His research interests include hydrology and water resources, numerical modelling, and application of GIS to hydrology.  相似文献   

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