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1.
洮河流域土地利用／覆被变化的水文过程响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地利用/覆被变化是导致流域水资源发生变化的重要原因.以中国西北地区的洮河流域为研究区,构建适宜于洮河流域的分布式水文模型(SWAT),在综合考虑流域1985-2000年间土地利用/覆被变化特征的基础上建立多种土地利用/覆被情景,并对不同情景下的水文过程进行模拟,得到以下结论:(1)经校准后的SWAT模型,其验证期的相关系数R~2、相对误差R_e和效率系数E_(ns)分别为0.83、-8%和0.68,说明SWAT模型在洮河流域径流量模拟中具有较高的适用性.(2)草地、林地和耕地是洮河流域的主要土地利用类型.林地的壤中流、土壤湿度和产水量最大,耕地的地表径流和蒸散量最大.与1985年相比,2000年土地利用/覆被情景下地表径流增加了1.72%,地下径流和产水量降低了0.8%和0.4%;耕地扩张和城镇建设用地情景下流域地表径流明显增加,生态恢复情景下流域地表径流和产水量均有所降低.(3)从月径流量来看,林草地可以减小最大与最小流量的变幅,而耕地的作用正好相反.与1985年相比,2000年土地利用/覆被情景下汛期地表径流增加1.67%,地下径流减少0.83%,产水量减少0.36%;非汛期地表径流增加1.86%,地下径流减少0.63%,产水量减少0.46%.说明林草地减少对非汛期的影响更大. 相似文献
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以2008—2016年格尔木河流域实测径流量数据为基础,构建SWAT分布式水文模型,采用SUFI-2算法进行参数率定、验证及不确定性分析,并设置不同的气候情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP6.0),预测流域2022—2050年的径流变化趋势,分析了研究区未来降水、气温的变化趋势并探究了这些气候要素对格尔木河流域径流的影响。结果表明：(1)SWAT模型在格尔木河流域径流过程的模拟中具有较好的适用性,率定期R2和ENS分别为0.84和0.73,验证期R2和ENS分别为0.74和0.70;(2)径流预测不确定性较小;(3)未来流域降水呈现增加趋势而气温降低;(4)未来时段流域径流增加显著,且降水是控制流域径流的主要因素。 相似文献
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西部高寒河源区因冰川积雪冻土等特殊的地理环境,其径流过程的模拟与预测一直是水文学研究的难点和热点问题之一,全球气候变暖为这一地区的水文模拟提出了新的挑战。以雅鲁藏布江拉孜以上流域为研究区域,基于可考虑冰川积雪融水的SWAT分布式水文模型对拉孜站径流过程进行模拟,评估SWAT模型在高寒河源区的适用性。基于未来气候变化情景,统计分析了未来研究区降水、气温的变化趋势,预估了气候变化对区域径流过程的影响。结果表明:SWAT模型在拉孜以上流域径流过程模拟中具有较好的适用性,模型在率定期和验证期月尺度NS系数分别达到了0.78和0.84;未来研究区降水、气温均呈现出增加趋势,且随着排放情景的上升,气温、降水增加幅度有变大趋势;未来研究区不同时段径流量也呈现出不同的增加趋势,在2020～2049年的RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下,相较于基准期径流分别增加了约11.8%、14.0%、16.5%,为下游水资源可持续开发利用带来了更大的挑战。 相似文献
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由于气候变化、土地利用变化及固沟保塬工程实施，黄土高原的水文循环变化备受世界关注。基于SWAT模型和中国大气同化驱动数据集(CMADS),定量分析了固沟保塬工程和4种土地利用情景对马莲河流域水文循环演变的影响。结果表明：SWAT+CMADS模式能够很好地模拟马莲河的水文变化过程；1995—2020年间，流域内年平均径流量减少了13 087.50万m3,降幅达到4.56%;流域内退耕坡耕地全部还林/还草情景较2020年土地利用情景相比，年平均径流量分别减少了283.80万、1 923.70万m3,固沟保塬工程(沟头填埋)情景下年平均径流量减少了1 135.30万m3。模拟研究固沟保塬工程和土地利用变化对马莲河流域径流的影响在生态环境保护和可持续发展方面具有十分重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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以大通河流域为研究区域,利用1985年和2005年土地利用数据,结合SWAT分布式水文模型定量评估了流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应。结果表明：1985-2005年大通河流域的土地利用变化主要表现为草地向耕地、居工地转变,草地所占比例由46.7%骤降至20.9%,而耕地面积由1985年的1065.8km2增加到2005年的3243km2;相较于1985年的土地利用情景,2005年土地利用情景下的模拟的多年平均径流增加了1.92×108m3,由于上中下游主要的土地利用/覆被变化不同,导致流域径流变化增加程度由西北至东南逐渐增大;大通河流域年径流的增加主要表现为汛期径流增加,讯期月平均径流增幅达到了0.40×108m3·mon-1;非汛期径流则呈不明显减小趋势,平均降幅为0.024×108m3·mon-1。合理规划大通河流域土地利用方式,提高水源区涵养能力,对流域水资源可持续发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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以大通河流域享堂水文站1950~2005年实测径流数据为基础,综合运用趋势分析、累积距平、R/S分析、Morlet小波分析、降水-径流深度双累积曲线等数理统计方法,研究了大通河流域径流的年内分配、年际变化和周期振荡特征、并定量分析了气候因素和人类活动因素对径流变化的影响。结果表明:（1）大通河径流年内主要集中在510月,占年径流总量的82%左右。1950~2005年,大通河流域年径流呈微弱减少趋势,递减率为-0.55×108m3/10a（R2=0.025,P=0.249）,Hurst指数为0.58,表明未来一段时间内径流仍可能呈减少趋势;（2）1950~2005年,大通河流域年径流在27a时间尺度上周期震荡明显,经历了"多-少-多-少-多-少-多"7个循环交替;（3）大通河流域降水-径流深度双累积曲线在1994年发生显著偏移,1994年之前径流变化主要受降水影响,1994年以后,径流变化主要受人类活动影响。 相似文献
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《地下水》2015,(3)
基于分布式水文模型SWAT模型,以大洋河沙里寨水文站以上为研究流域,利用沙里寨水文站2000-2010年水文数据、研究流域分辨率为1 km×1 km土地利用数据以及1:100 000土壤类型数据,定量模拟大城子以上流域2000-2010年径流量,通过设定三种土地利用模式情景,定量分析不同土地利用模式情景下对大洋河流域径流量的影响。研究结果表明:SWAT模型在大洋河流域径流模拟具有较好的适用性,模拟相对误差小于10%,确定性系数0.7以上;在三种土地利用模式情景,其中情景II(林地减少10%,城镇用地增加10%)径流深增加7.7mm,径流系数增加0.16,情景I(林地增加10%,旱地减少10%)以及情景III(林地增加10%,城镇用地减少10%)使得径流深分别减少14.1 mm和16.2 mm,城镇用地对径流影响大于旱地。研究成果对于大洋河水资源规划和保护提供参考价值。 相似文献
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汉江流域未来降水径流预测分析研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文应用统计降尺度法将全球气候模式和VIC分布式水文模型进行耦合,研究未来A2气候情景下汉江流域降水径流变化情况.首先应用基于光滑支持向量机的统计降尺度法在全球气候模式CGCM2和HadCM3的A2气候情景下,分别预测未来汉江流域日降水、气温过程,然后将预测降水过程作为VIC模型的输入,模拟预测未来汉江流域径流过程.研究结果表明,在CGCM2气候模式下,2020s(2011～2040年)时期汉江流域径流小于基准年,2050s(2041～2070年)时期与基准年基本相当,2080s(2071～2100年)时期大于基准年;在HadCM3气候模式下,2020s时期汉江流域径流小于基准年,2050s和2080s时期均比基准年增加;降水、气温预测结果与径流基本一致. 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献