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1.
分析研究了南海北部大陆架西南缘的海南岛东南外海海底沉积物声学物理特性,在多个航次中进行了海底沉积层取样、海水CTD测量、浅地层及旁侧声呐扫测等工作.在实验室里对沉积物样品进行声学参数、沉积学基本参数、物理力学参数和14C年龄测试等分析.根据多尔特曼公式求解出弹性模量、体积弹性模量、压缩系数、切变模量、泊松比和拉梅常数等六项沉积物弹性参数.分析结果表明在该海区海底沉积物的压缩波速为1.474~1.700 m/s,在不同的海区内有高低声速两类性质的沉积物分布;沉积物的切变波速为150~600 m/s;沉积物在100 kHz的声衰减为35~260 dB/m;沉积物的密度为1.4~2.0 g/cm3;沉积物的孔隙度为42%~88%. 相似文献
2.
海底沉积物纵波波速与物理-力学性质的理论关系和比较 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文提出以密度变化比和等效弹性模量变化比为参数描述海底沉积物纵波波速,得到密度变化比是由孔隙率、海水密度和海底沉积物固相密度构成的复合参数,建立了以复合参数和等效弹性模量变化比为变量的泰勒多项式海底沉积物纵波波速公式。基于单因素分析法得出纵波波速可表示为参考声速与调制函数的乘积,沉积物的参考声速由海底底质物理性质确定,建立了复合参数-声速的近似理论模型。对该理论模型与现有的主要纵波波速经验公式的分析结果表明,孔隙率-纵波波速经验公式只是参考声速不同,但调制函数是互相等效的,验证了本文海底沉积物纵波波速理论关系的有效性。 相似文献
3.
对南海某海域深度100～400 m的海底浅层（约2 m埋深范围）沉积物柱状样在接近海底水压力下进行三轴应变-声学同步测量,结果表明沉积物纵波声速有两个特征:（1）从应变过程开始到结束,沉积物纵波声速不断变化;（2）平均声速随着平均静弹性模量的增加,由大变小又由小变大,存在声速最小值。这些结果与海底浅表层沉积物的物理力学性质、围压、颗粒的结合状态改变有关。此外,沉积物动弹性模量和孔隙度呈良好的负相关性,这与孔隙度增大含水量增大有关;动弹性模量是静弹性模量的10～100倍,这主要与三轴应变试验的应变数量级与声波振动产生的应变数量级的差异大有关。采用本论文实验测量的数据分别建立了双复合参数-声速和孔隙度-声速经验公式,分析结果表明双复合参数-声速公式声速预报误差约是孔隙度-声速公式的1/4,表明双复合参数-声速公式更加有效。 相似文献
4.
基于海底表层沉积物声速特征的南海地声模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在由垂直声速梯度建立的地声模型基础上,通过引入沉积物与海水声速比和沉积物压缩波与切变波声速比两个表征沉积物声学特征参数得到更全面和有实际指导意义的地声模型。在沉积物声波传播FCMCM模型基础上,基于热作用和重力作用下沉积物两相介质的应力应变分析,建立TFCMCM和DFCFCM模型,运用模型校正表层沉积物声速特征来计算和解释地声模型。根据海底表层沉积物存在低声速和高声速两种类型,结合沉积物沿纵深孔隙度不变和变化两种类型,得到南海海底沉积物的两类四种典型地声模型:低声速孔隙度不变型、低声速孔隙度减小型、高声速不变型和高声速孔隙度减小型。运用这四种典型地声模型的组合解释了卢博提出的南海三种典型声速结构。认知声速结构将为南海声学探测海底、划分海底区域提供模型支持。 相似文献
5.
海底沉积物声学物理力学性质聚类分析研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Stoll、Hamilton等分别从理论和实测方面出发研究海底沉积物声学与物理力学性质关系,这两类研究都是将声学性质作为独立性质从沉积物的物理性质中提取出来,以两者作为因果关系进行研究,割裂了其内在统一性.本文不试图建立声学与物理力学性质的经验方程,而是综合考虑海底沉积物声学、物理力学性质,对南海大陆坡和人陆架沉积物进行聚类研究,分析南海海底沉积物共有的性质.研究表明聚类分析方法为海底沉积物性质研究提供了一种有效的分类手段,通过聚类,得出如下结论:(1)声速与孔隙度、密度等物理力学性质存在着明显的单调相关性,可以通过某些物理力学参数来预报沉积物的声速,同时可以通过测量沉积物声速反演沉积物的某些物理力学参数;(2)海底沉积物的声速和地文单元、沉积物的颗粒成份组成有关;(3)火陆坡黏土质粉砂、粉砂、砂质粉砂和大陆架粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂的压缩波速依次增大,切变波速依次减小;(4)海底沉积物声学与物理力学性质聚类分析研究,可以作为海底沉积物的声学探测的参考依据. 相似文献
6.
基于主元分析技术的海底沉积物声速预报方程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过应用主元分析技术建立预报海底沉积物声速的经验方程，将前人研究报道的经验方程进行分析研究，指出其计算误差，运用南海南部大陆架和大陆坡数据，建立了主元回归计算模型。从理论上研究了如何在众多影响声速的物理参数中，排除相互关联的参数，优选出相互独立的、且对声速有显著影响的少数几个物理参数，用优选后的物理参数建立了南海南部海域大陆架及大陆坡沉积物的3参数（孔隙度n、颗粒中值粒径Ma、塑限W，）声速预报方程：Cp=1774-5．0944n＋12．499Md＋0．9985Wp，该方程的相对预报误差仅为-4．48％-3．77％。 相似文献
7.
中国黄海、东海和南海北部海底浅层沉积物声学物理性质之比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
黄海、东海和南海北部海底沉积物声学物理性质存在着差异,这与海区海底地质和沉积环境有关。取样所及的海底沉积物样品分析表明:黄海实验海区海底有6种沉积类型,东海实验海区海底有3种沉积类型,南海北部大陆架海区海底有6种沉积类型。三个海区的沉积物密度为1.48～2.03g·cm-3;沉积物含水量为10%～90%;沉积物孔隙度为65%～80%;沉积物纵波声速为1460～1916m·s-1;沉积物横波声速为115～611m·s-1。 相似文献
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南海北部大陆架海底沉积物物理性质研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用物理(声学的、工程地质的、扫描电子显微镜)等技术方法,综合分析了沉积物结构特征和工程力学性质,研究了颗粒接触、堆垒、孔隙等现象与物理性质之间的关系,得出了沉积物声学物理参数和应力一应变性质之间的关系。结果表明,南海北部大陆架海底沉积物有6种结构类型,其中混合接触结构类型的沉积物具有较高的抗压强度和声速,浅层海底存在着高、低声速分层的中尺度结构。 相似文献
9.
比较国内外主要研究者提出的海底沉积物声速单参数、双参数和多参数预报经验方程的物理意义和适用性,提出了孔隙度-含水量预报海底沉积物声速新的双参数公式,该式避免了单一参数预报声速经验方程和某些双参数公式中物理意义不明确以及多参数方程复杂性及对提高预报计算能力效果不显著之处.基于理论分析,改进孔隙度-含水量双参数计算公式得到的通用模型具有明确的物理意义,可以通过修改参数适用于不同海域的声速预报,提高了泛化能力,扩大了适用范围.通过对孔隙度、含水量等物理参数的权值分析研究,更加明确了孔隙度是影响海底沉积物声速大小的最关键参数.用台湾海峡北部、南海海域、珠江口大陆架三处的海域沉积物测量数据比较了不同模型,验证了本模型的优越性. 相似文献
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由海底沉积物的纵波速、横波速及湿密度,根据岩土力学原理,整理出一组计算海底沉积物弹性参数的公式;以该公式计算了南海南部海域浅层沉积物的弹性参数,计算结果与已有文献资料数据做了比较,分析了两者误差的原因. 相似文献
11.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献