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1.
近断层地震动加速度峰值衰减规律的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
提出了近断层地面运动的衰减模型,对全球范围内6．0≤Mw≤7．6且震源深度均小于20km的636条地震动加速度峰值进行了统计分析,确定了本文研究的近断层区域为断层距25km,利用此范围内的440条记录进行了近断层加速度衰减规律的研究。水平地震记录分为硬土和软土两种场地类型,竖向地震记录只考虑土层场地,利用最小二乘法进行数据拟合分析,得到PGA随断层距和震源深度变化在不同震级处形成的衰减曲面,分析了近断层处水平、竖向的PGA以及竖向与水平PGA之比(V／H)的衰减规律。 相似文献
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上盘效应是近断层地震动的主要特性之一,而目前就上盘效应的定量研究较少。本文利用日本K-NET和KiK-net强震动台网获取的近场强震动加速度记录,定量研究了北海道MW6.6地震的上盘效应对地震动PGA、PGV和不同周期的加速度反应谱值空间分布和衰减特征的影响,探讨地震动上盘效应的特征及其影响范围,并将上、下盘观测结果与地震动预测经验模型进行对比。研究结果表明：(1)在断层距小于45 km时,此次北海道地震具有显著的上盘效应特征,断层上盘记录的PGA、PGV和加速度反应谱值明显大于下盘和中间区域的地震动观测值,且高于本次地震的平均值。上盘效应影响范围与震源破裂过程反演得到的断层尺度相吻合。(2)断层上盘的PGA观测值高于此次地震平均水平的对数偏差为0.61±0.16,这与1994年北岭地震和1999年集集地震等逆冲型地震的影响水平接近。上盘记录的PGV高于平均水平的对数偏差为0.39±0.12,即高于平均水平约35%。上盘观测地震动在周期T为0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0 s时的加速度反应谱值高于平均水平的对数偏差分别为0.33±0.19、0.54±... 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震强震动特征初步分析 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
本文对国家强震动台网中心收集的2008年5月12日14时28分04秒汶川8．0级地震中获取的420组三分量加速度记录进行了处理和初步分析。在这次地震中布设在龙门山断裂带及其周围地区的50多个台站获得了大于100gal的加速度记录,有46组三分量加速度记录的断层距小于100km,使中国大陆近断层区域所获得的强震动加速度记录的数量成倍增加。本文依据这批数据,对汶川大地震强震动特性进行了初步分析,给出了此次地震断层附近地区的PGA衰减规律,并利用此规律模拟了断层附近的加速度峰值,绘制了PGA分布图、竖向PGA与水平向PGA比值图;给出了汶川地震断层附近的加速度反应谱、上盘效应、竖向效应、速度大脉冲效应等地震动特征,这些特征可作为抗震设计规范修订的依据并供灾区重建时参考。 相似文献
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近断层竖向地震动峰值特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究近断层区域竖向地震动的加速度峰值衰减特征和竖向与水平加速度峰值比特征,为进行近断层区域结构抗震设计和地震危险性分析等提供基础数据参考,根据1952—1999年世界范围内震级在M5．4-M7．6之间的18次地震的地震动记录提出一种同时考虑断层距和震级影响的竖向峰值加速度衰减关系,并与其他学者提出的衰减关系进行了对比分析。然后初步统计分析了竖向与水平峰值加速度比值、竖向地震动PGV／PGA比值的特征。研究结果表明,本文提出的加速度峰值衰减关系形式比较简单而且能较好地体现地震动加速度峰值的衰减变化关系;断层距在0—40km范围内相当一部分竖向与水平向峰值加速度比值大于一般抗震设计规范中规定的比值即0．65;至少对于竖向地震动而言,只将PGV／PGA〉0．2s作为识别近断层脉冲型地震动的强度指标是不够的。 相似文献
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近断层效应使得沉积盆地对地震动放大效应更为复杂。本文针对逆断层发震下三维层状沉积盆地地震反应,基于波动谱元法,采用有限断层动力学模型,模拟断层动力破裂、地壳层地震波传播和层状沉积盆地对地震波散射全过程。在此基础上,对比分析了层状和均质沉积盆地对近断层地震动放大效应的影响,讨论了不同断层倾角下层状沉积盆地地震动加速度特性。结果表明：层状沉积盆地PGA空间分布与均质沉积盆地存在较大差异,由于近断层效应和盆地效应,层状沉积盆地地表局部范围竖向PGA大于水平向PGA;90°断层倾角下层状沉积盆地地表地震动放大范围与60°断层倾角结果明显不同,主要集中在盆地中心区域和断层附近,且幅值远小于60°断层倾角下结果;沿断层走向,盆地内地表地震动加速度峰值对应时刻较盆地外延后。 相似文献
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断层带附近地震动场分布的研究,是当前地震工程领域研究的热点问题之一。近断层地震动场的分布对在断层附近进行抗震结构设计时,不仅是提供地震动输入,也是确定建设场地避让范围的重要依据之一。以区域地震构造背景分析、目标断层活动性鉴定、地震危险性评价为基础,结合断层探测结果,利用统计经验关系等最终确定发震断层,并建立相应的震源模型。采用显式有限元和并行计算技术计算目标区域场地的长周期地震动。利用有限断层随机合成的方法,计算高频地震动。将低频和高频地震动合成为目标区域内的宽频带地震动时程。对局部特殊场地条件地区,基于场地调查和勘探的数据,利用等效线性化等方法进行一维土层的非线性反应计算,给出这些特殊场地的宽频带地震动时程。最后,根据地震动时程获得设定地震发生时,目标区域的峰值加速度分布预测图和相应的反应谱。以长春市为例预测了在设定地震发生时,近断层地震动场的分布情况。当长春尖山子—卡伦断层发生6.0级地震时,潜在破坏性地震动的影响范围集中在附近,沿断层走向分布。加速度峰值沿断层垂直变化,主要为90 Gal～140 Gal。只是在长春市南部加速度峰值达到200 Gal。本研究的预测结果具备断层附近地震动的一些最基本的特征,符合当前对断层附近地震动的基本认识。 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震强震动加速度记录的初步分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文对国家强震动台网中心收集的2008年5月12目14时28分04秒汶川8．0级地震中获取的420组三分量加速度记录进行了处理和初步分析。在分析前对原始加速度记录进行整理、转换数据格式、零线校正、录入原数据,形成标准格式的未校正加速度数据;在这次地震中布设在龙门山断裂带及其周围地区有50多个台站获得了大于100 Gal的加速度记录,有46组三分量加速度记录的断层距小于100km,使中国大陆近断层区域所获得的强震动加速度记录的数量成倍增加。本文依据这批数据对汶川大地震强震动特性进行了初步分析,给出了此次地震断层附近地区的PGA衰减规律,并利用此规律模拟断层附近的加速度峰值,绘制了PGA分布图;给出了汶川地震断层附近的加速度反应谱、上盘效应、速度大脉冲效应等地震动特征,这些特征可作为抗震设计规范修订的依据及灾区重建时参考;最后展望了这批强震动加速度记录的应用前景。 相似文献
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北京时间 2021 年05月21日 21 时48分云南大理州漾濞县(北纬 25.67°,东经 99.87°)发生了 6.4 级地震.本文利用震源破裂过程控制的 NNSIM随机有限断层方法,模拟对比了近场 6 个强震台的加速度、速度、反应谱记录,据此确定了开展近场地震动模拟所需要的参数的大小,进而建立了近断层 200 km范围内的地面运动.分析了漾濞地震近场地面运动的空间分布特征,结果显示此次地震地面运动的峰值速度PGV、峰值加速度PGA以及反应谱分布均表现为圆形分布,无明显的上下盘特征和走向特征,震中极震区峰值加速度超过了 400 cm·s－2 ,对应国家标准烈度Ⅸ度. 相似文献
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Estimating ground motions using recorded accelerograms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A procedure for estimating ground motions using recorded accelerograms is described. The premise of the study is the assumption that future ground motions will be similar to those observed for similar site and tectonic situations in the past. Direct techniques for scaling existing accelerograms have been developed, based on relative estimates of local magnitude,M
L
. Design events are described deterministically in terms of fault dimension, tectonic setting (stress drop), fault distance, and site conditions. A combination of empirical and theoretical arguments is used to develop relationships betweenM
L
and other earthquake magnitude scales. In order to minimize scaling errors due to lack of understanding of the physics of strong ground motion, the procedure employs as few intermediate scaling laws as possible. The procedure conserves a meaningful measure of the uncertainty inherent when predicting ground motions from simple parameterizations of earthquake sources and site conditions. 相似文献
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Jonathan D. Bray Adrian Rodriguez-Marek 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(11):815-828
Ground motions close to a ruptured fault resulting from forward-directivity are significantly different than other ground motions. These pulse-type motions can place severe demands on structures in the near-fault region. To aid in the characterization of these special type of ground motions, a simplified parameterization is proposed based on a representative amplitude, pulse period, and number of significant pulses in the velocity–time history. Empirical relationships were developed for estimating the peak ground velocity (PGV) and period of the velocity pulse (Tv) of available forward-directivity motions. PGV in the near-fault region varies significantly with magnitude and distance. Additionally, the PGV for soil sites are systematically larger than those at rocks sites. Tv is a function of moment magnitude and site conditions with most of the energy being concentrated within a narrow-period band centered on the pulse period. Hence, lower magnitude events, which produce lower pulse periods, might produce more damaging ground motions for the stiff structures more common in urban areas. 相似文献
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LATE QUATERNARY SINISTRAL STRIKE-SLIP ACTIVITIES OF SANWEI SHAN FAULT IN THE NORTH OF TIBETAN PLATEAU 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sanwei Shan Fault is located in the north of Tibet, which is a branch of eastern segment of Altyn Tagn fault zone. This fault is distributed along the boundary of fault facet and the Quaternary, with the total length of almost 150km. The fault is a straight-line structure read from the satellite image. Based on the spatial distribution of the fault, three segments are divided, namely, Xishuigou-Dongshuigou segment, Dongshuigou-West Shigongkouzi segment and West Shigongkouzi-Suangta segment, these three segments are distributed by left or right step.Though field microgeomorphology investigation along Sanwei Shan Fault, it has been found that two periods of alluvial-pluvial fans are distributed in front of Sanwei Shan Mountain, most of which are overstepped. Comparing the distribution of alluvial-pluvial fans with their formation age in the surrounding regions, and meanwhile, taking the results of optical stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating, it's considered that the formation age of the older alluvial-pluvial fans, which are distributed in northern Qilian Shan, inside of Hexi Corridor and western Hexi Corridor(including the Sanwei Shan piedmont fans), is between later period of late Quaternary and earlier period of Holocene. The gullies on the older fan and ridges have been cut synchronously. The maximum and minimum sinistral displacement is 5.5m and 1.7m, but majority of the values is between 3.0~4.5m. Taking the results from the OSL dating, we conclude that the minimum sinistral strike-slip rate is(0.33±0.04) mm/a since 14 ka BP and(0.28±0.03) mm/a since 20 ka BP. 相似文献
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Analysis on sand drift damages to the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes showed that the actual sand drift hazards in the area are mainly
attributed to the gobi wind-sand stream formed by sand coming from the Mingsha Mountain (megadune), while the migration of
the megadune and its frontal edge dunes is actually not a major threat to the grottoes. The gobi belt on the cliff top of
the Mogao Grottoes is not only a natural sand transport field but also a natural protective screen which prevents the megadune
and its frontal edge dunes from advancing towards the grottoes or burying the grottoes. Therefore efforts to protect the Mogao
Grottoes should be focussed on halting the gobi wind-sand stream rather than on checking the migration of sand dunes. For
this reason, effective sand blockade and stabilization measures should be adopted at the frontal edge of the megadune but
no sand retarding works are allowed to be set up in the gobi belt so as to avoid sand accumulation and entering the grottoes.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. 相似文献
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目前研究地震动空间变化的主要方法是利用密集台阵（如SMART1台阵等）的强震观测记录进行统计分析，由于地震动观测资料的不足，因而缺少基岩及不同场地类别地震动相干函数模型. 本文利用数值方法了模拟理论地震图，进而研究采用震源位错模型的基岩随机地震动的空间变化规律，并考虑震源破裂速度、子源个数、震源深度和介质传播速度等因素的影响. 其具体思路为:首先对应于每个样本，用有限差分数值模拟方法计算弹性半空间近场地震动场，而后对所有样本的计算结果进行统计，给出了一个走滑断层情形下的近场基岩表面及沿基岩竖直方向水平分量地震动的相干函数模型. 相似文献
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本文从莫高窟抗震防灾的角度出发，阐述了其赋存的地震地质环境以及历史地震对石窟文物的影响，分析研究了影响洞窟及其附属建筑物地震稳定性的各种因素，在此基础上对洞窟及其附属建筑物的震害预测方法进行了初步探讨 相似文献
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This paper focuses on the effects of long‐period pulse of near‐fault ground motions on the structural damage potential. Two sets of near‐fault ground motion records from Chi‐Chi, Taiwan earthquake and Northridge earthquake with and without distinct pulse are selected as the input, and the correlation analysis between 30 non‐structure‐specific intensity measure parameters and maximum inelastic displacements and energy responses (input energy and hysteretic energy) of bilinear single degree of freedom systems are conducted. Based on the frequency characteristic of near‐fault ground motions with remarkable long‐period components, two intensity indices are proposed, namely, the improved effective peak acceleration (IEPA) and improved effective peak velocity (IEPV). In addition a new characteristic period of these ground motions is defined based on IEPA and IEPV. Numerical results illustrate that the intensity measure parameters related to ground acceleration present the best correlation with the seismic responses for rigid systems; the velocity‐related and displacement‐related parameters are better for medium‐frequency systems and flexible systems, respectively. The correlation curves of near‐fault ground motions with velocity pulse differ from those of ground motions without pulse. Moreover, the improved parameters IEPA and IEPV of near‐fault impulsive ground motions enhance the performance of intensity measure of corresponding conventional parameters, i.e. EPA and EPV. The new characteristic period based on IEPA and IEPV can better reflect the frequency content of near‐fault ground motions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In spite of important differences in structural response to near‐fault and far‐fault ground motions, this paper aims at extending well‐known concepts and results, based on elastic and inelastic response spectra for far‐fault motions, to near‐fault motions. Compared are certain aspects of the response of elastic and inelastic SDF systems to the two types of motions in the context of the acceleration‐, velocity‐, and displacement‐sensitive regions of the response spectrum, leading to the following conclusions. (1) The velocity‐sensitive region for near‐fault motions is much narrower, and the acceleration‐sensitive and displacement‐sensitive regions are much wider, compared to far‐fault motions; the narrower velocity‐sensitive region is shifted to longer periods. (2) Although, for the same ductility factor, near‐fault ground motions impose a larger strength demand than far‐fault motions—both demands expressed as a fraction of their respective elastic demands—the strength reduction factors Ry for the two types of motions are similar over corresponding spectral regions. (3) Similarly, the ratio um/u0 of deformations of inelastic and elastic systems are similar for the two types of motions over corresponding spectral regions. (4) Design equations for Ry (and for um/u0) should explicitly recognize spectral regions so that the same equations apply to various classes of ground motions as long as the appropriate values of Ta, Tb and Tc are used. (5) The Veletsos–Newmark design equations with Ta=0.04 s, Tb=0.35 s, and Tc=0.79 s are equally valid for the fault‐normal component of near‐fault ground motions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Accidental eccentricity in symmetric buildings due to wave passage effects arising from near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yenan Cao George P. Mavroeidis Kristel C. Meza‐Fajardo Apostolos S. Papageorgiou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(13):2185-2207
This article investigates the characteristics of the accidental eccentricity in symmetric buildings due to torsional response arising from wave passage effects in the near‐fault region. The soil–foundation–structure system is modeled as a symmetric cylinder placed on a rigid circular foundation supported on an elastic halfspace and subjected to obliquely incident plane SH waves simulating the action of near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions. The translational response is computed assuming that the superstructure behaves as a shear beam under the action of translational and rocking base excitations, whereas the torsional response is calculated using the mathematical formulation proposed in a previous study. A broad range of properties of the soil–foundation–structure system and ground motion input are considered in the analysis, thus facilitating a detailed parametric investigation of the structural response. It is demonstrated that the normalized accidental eccentricity is most sensitive to the pulse period (TP) of the near‐fault ground motions and to the uncoupled torsional‐to‐translational fundamental frequency ratio (Ω) of the structure. Furthermore, the normalized accidental eccentricities due to simplified pulse‐like and broadband ground motions in the near‐fault region are computed and compared against each other. The results show that the normalized accidental eccentricity due to the broadband ground motion is well approximated by the simplified pulse for longer period buildings, while it is underestimated for shorter period buildings. For symmetric buildings with values of Ω commonly used in design practice, the normalized accidental eccentricity due to wave passage effects is less than the typical code‐prescribed value of 5%, except for buildings with very large foundation radius. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献