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辽河河口生态系统健康评价初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
河口生态系统是融淡水生态系统、海水生态系统、咸淡水混合生态系统、潮滩湿地生态系统、河口岛屿和沙洲湿地生态系统为一体的混合生态系统.由于河口复杂的地貌、水文、物理化学条件,各个河口都具有其独特性,各河口的界定视具体情况而定.河口生态系统主要受物理因素影响,物理过程和生物过程紧密相连.本研究以改进的DPSRC因果关系模型为研究方法,根据河口生态的特征,建立符合生态系统健康评价的一套指标体系,对辽河河口生态系统健康状况进行评价.通过对因果关系模型的各个方面进行分析,得出了河口生态系统的("驱动力"、"压力"、"状态"、"系统响应"、"控制")指标,并对这些指标进行评价,从而对河口生态系统的健康状况进行评价研究.通过研究得到辽河河口主要污染物是重金属、无机氮和石油类,主要污染源是双台子河、辽河及大凌河的陆源污染.最后提出了今后河口生态研究的重点和方向. 相似文献
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类型多样的湿地家族湿地是地球上最富生物多样性的生态系统和人类最重要的生存环境之一,被誉为“地球之肾”,与森林、海洋并称为全球三大生态系统。湿地类型多样,区域差异明显,以我国科学家在沼泽、滩涂、湖泊等方面已积累的研究成果为基础,根据中国的实际情况并参考《拉姆萨尔公约》分类系统,将我国湿地划分为沼泽湿地、湖泊湿地、河流湿地、滨海湿地和人工湿地5大类。多样性的湿地生态系统为各种湿地生物提供了适宜的生存空间及环境,保证了生物多样性的延续和昌盛。 相似文献
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人工湿地是一种新型污水处理技术,微生物作为人工湿地的主要分解者,在人工湿地去除水中污染物的过程中发挥着重要作用,因其高效污水净化能力目前已得到广泛关注。本文从人工湿地中的微生物多样性、微生物污水净化机理、研究方法及根际微生物的研究等方面介绍了微生物在人工湿地污水处理中的研究进展。指出根际微生物在人工湿地中的的分布和作用特点,以及开展研究的重要意义。 相似文献
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滨海湿地是地球上生产力最高、生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一,然而由于强烈的人为活动,滨海湿地遭到严重破坏甚至丧失。滨海湿地退化是世界各国普遍面临的问题,退化滨海湿地生态系统的修复也已成为国际上生态学研究的热点。本文在分析国内外研究进展的基础上,从生态退化诊断、修复目标、修复措施、修复监测、修复成效评估等几个关键问题对滨海湿地生态修复进行了探讨。滨海湿地生态退化诊断主要采用参照系统对比法,即选取退化生态系统干扰前、邻近未受干扰或干扰小、或参考多方面资料而构造的假设生态系统等作为参照进行对比;生态修复最终目标不是简单地恢复生态系统的结构和功能,更重要的是建立一个能自我维持、自我调控或在较少人为辅助下能健康运行的滨海湿地生态系统;生态修复途径包括自然恢复、人工促进生态修复和生态重建,只有在自然恢复不能实现的情况下,才考虑采取人工促进生态修复或生态重建;生态修复监测参数包括结构参数和功能参数,监测覆盖施工前、施工期和施工后全过程;滨海湿地生态修复成效评估需同时考虑生态结构、生态功能及生态服务。目前,我国滨海湿地生态修复尚存在退化机制及恢复机理认识不足;滨海湿地生态修复技术储备不足,关键技术不能满足需求;修复的区域空间尺度较小,系统性和完整性不足,缺乏国家和区域生态修复规划;滨海湿地生态修复后期管理、监测、成效评估不足。为此建议:①注重滨海湿地恢复生态学的基础理论研究;②强调滨海湿地生态修复的系统性、综合性和完整性,推动整体规划、区域统筹、系统修复;③加强典型滨海湿地的生态修复关键技术研发,如红树林生态系统功能恢复和提升技术,海草、盐沼植物等种苗人工繁殖和种植技术,珊瑚有性繁殖技术和珊瑚礁生态系统功能恢复技术等;④注重滨海湿地生态修复的后期管理及公众参与。 相似文献
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黄河流域在我国经济社会发展和生态安全方面具有十分重要的地位,其下游的黄河三角洲分布有世界上暖温带保存最广阔、最完善、最年轻的滨海湿地生态系统,该区域特殊的地质地貌决定了其生态多样性,需要进行重点研究和保护。文章立足于我国现有湿地保护政策和湿地面积缩小的现状,提出黄河三角洲湿地保护可着重围绕其岸线变化、冲淤速率、地形地貌等开展研究,并采用减压分洪扩充法等治理修复方法扩大湿地面积,为推动黄河流域及黄河三角洲湿地的生态保护和高质量发展提供有效参考。 相似文献
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广东省的湿地:功能、价值、利用和湿地丧失的缓解措施 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
广东的湿地生态系统包括基塘系统、红树林、湿生植被和水生植被等4种生态系统，是特别而有经济价值的植被类型，这些湿地类型分别在支持生物地化循环、保堤护田护村、调节气候、净化环境、生物多样性保育、提供能源、提供生物学科学教育基地和生态旅游地、生产多样化的社会经济原料和产品等方面有着独特而重要的作用。但随着社会的发展．其面积在减少，质量不断下降。结构破坏直接导致了功能的下降和丧失。自1950年起，广东省在其湿地的保护和管理方面陆续实施了统一规划管理、设立自然保护区、开发湿地生产模式、防治湿地污染、保护湿地环境、建设人工湿地、恢复湿地系统、建立湿地信息系统等一系列举措，并取得了一定的收效，但效果仍不理想。要从根本上解决广东湿地的保护和利用问题，一方面要在恢复生态学的指导下深化退化湿地的恢复研究，按照湿地生态系统在空间尺度上的条带分布规律和时间尺度上的演替规律。因地制宜、因时制宜地进行湿地恢复研究；另一方面要进一步加强科研工作者、政府以及民众三者在湿地保护和合理利用方面的合作，建立专门机构，通过法律和行政手段进行统一规划、管理，同时对湿地保育研究、教育给予政策上的倾斜、支持。 相似文献
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湿地创建和恢复设计的理论与实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湿地与森林、海洋并称为全球3大生态系统，也是价值最高的生态系统，然而，随着经济的发展，人类活动不断的影响着湿地，导致湿地的退化、消失。湿地的恢复重建形势异常严峻。主要论述了湿地创建与恢复的概念、目的和原则、选址及所用到的种植技术。 相似文献
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E. A. Dyukarev M. N. Alekseeva E. A. Golovatskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(9):1029-1041
The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to estimate the aboveground net production (ANP) of wetland ecosystems for the key area at the South Taiga zone of West Siberia. The vegetation index and aboveground production are related by linear dependence and are specific for each wetland ecosystem. The NDVI grows with an increase in the ANP at wooded oligotrophic ecosystems. Open oligotrophic bogs and eutrophic wetlands are characterized by an opposite relation. Maps of aboveground production for wetland ecosystems are constructed for each study year and for the whole period of studies. The average aboveground production for all wetland ecosystems of the key area, which was estimated with consideration for the area they occupy and using the data of satellite measurements of the vegetation index, is 305 g C/m2/yr. The total annual carbon accumulation in aboveground wetland vegetation in the key area is 794600 t. 相似文献
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Sewage disposal is a major environmental issue in both developed and developing countries and removal of pollutants such as organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals and persistent organic compounds is required to protect the environment. Novel biological systems using constructed mangrove wetland and immobilized microalgal beads have been developed as alternative systems for treating different types of sewage and pollution at source. The feasibility and efficiency of constructed mangrove wetland to remove organic matter and nutrients from primary settled municipal sewage were demonstrated through a series of greenhouse experiments and a pilot-scale field trial. The treatment efficiency of constructed mangrove wetland was comparable to, or higher than, the conventional constructed wetland. An immobilized microalgal system was developed to remove toxic persistent pollutants from industrial wastewater. Pollutant-resistant microalgal species were selected for culture in domestic wastewater. The harvested biomass was immobilized in alginate beads. Bench-scale experiments showed the algal beads were effective in removing industrial pollutants such as heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, etc.), organometallic compounds (e.g. tributyltin, TBT), and persistent organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) through biosorption and biodegradation. The adsorbed metals could be recovered by desorption process, and the beads could be used repeatedly for many adsorption–desorption cycles. 相似文献
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海岸潟湖是半封闭系统,往往被海岸沙丘、沙嘴或沙坝阻碍了淡水与海洋的流通,也是重要的栖息地,如湿地、红树林、盐沼和海草地等。在过去的30年,七里海潟湖湿地生态系统遭受了严重的干扰。文章基于1987年、2000年、2010年和2017年的遥感数据,开展了七里海潟湖湿地类型变化研究。结果表明:1987年以来,七里海潟湖湖盆和沼泽面积持续减少,主要原因是向养殖池塘和稻田转变。围堰养殖、稻田开发、渔港及防潮闸建设等导致潟湖淤积严重,湖盆面积萎缩,水质恶化。为了更好地开发和利用潟湖湿地资源,提出了生态修复工程与措施。 相似文献
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A. V. Eliseev I. I. Mokhov M. M. Arzhanov P. F. Demchenko S. N. Denisov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(2):139-152
The climate model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM) has been supplemented with a module of soil thermal physics and the methane cycle, which takes into account the response of methane emissions from wetland ecosystems to climate changes. Methane emissions are allowed only from unfrozen top layers of the soil, with an additional constraint in the depth of the simulated layer. All wetland ecosystems are assumed to be water-saturated. The molar amount of the methane oxidized in the atmosphere is added to the simulated atmospheric concentration of CO2. A control preindustrial experiment and a series of numerical experiments for the 17th–21st centuries were conducted with the model forced by greenhouse gases and tropospheric sulfate aerosols. It is shown that the IAP RAS CM generally reproduces preindustrial and current characteristics of both seasonal thawing/freezing of the soil and the methane cycle. During global warming in the 21st century, the permafrost area is reduced by four million square kilometers. By the end of the 21st century, methane emissions from wetland ecosystems amount to 130–140 Mt CH4/year for the preindustrial and current period increase to 170–200 MtCH4/year. In the aggressive anthropogenic forcing scenario A2, the atmospheric methane concentration grows steadily to ≈3900 ppb. In more moderate scenarios A1B and B1, the methane concentration increases until the mid-21st century, reaching ≈2100–2400 ppb, and then decreases. Methane oxidation in air results in a slight additional growth of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. Allowance for the interaction between processes in wetland ecosystems and the methane cycle in the IAP RAS CM leads to an additional atmospheric methane increase of 10–20% depending on the anthropogenic forcing scenario and the time. The causes of this additional increase are the temperature dependence of integral methane production and the longer duration of a warm period in the soil. However, the resulting enhancement of the instantaneous greenhouse radiative forcing of atmospheric methane and an increase in the mean surface air temperature are small (globally < 0.1 W/m2 and 0.05 K, respectively). 相似文献
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稳定碳、氮同位素在生态系统研究中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在简要介绍了稳定同位素测定方法之后 ,对稳定碳、氮同位素在生态系统领域中关于系统的碳源、能量流动、营养结构、污染物的生物放大作用及系统稳定性变化的应用研究作了较为系统的论述 ,并对稳定碳、氮同位素在赤潮研究、环境污染治理、生态动力学建模及有机分子化合物系列示踪技术等方面的应用提出展望 相似文献
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Koudryashova Yuliya Chizhova Tatiana Tishchenko Pavel Hayakawa Kazuichi 《Ocean Science Journal》2019,54(4):635-655
Ocean Science Journal - Contamination by persistent organic pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitutes a major concern in relation to aquatic ecosystems. To study the... 相似文献
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湿地生态系统是影响气候变化的活性气体的重要“源”或“汇”,随着人类活动的增加和气候变化的加剧,湿地生态系统活性气体对全球气候变化的影响越来越受到关注。已开展的研究主要集中于二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和二甲基硫(DMS)等活性气体。本文综述了湿地生态系统CO2、CH4、N2O和DMS的交换通量、时空变化特征以及影响因素。然而,目前对湿地生态系统活性气体的研究还不够系统和深入,对不同类型湿地的活性气体的源汇格局,碳氮硫的耦合作用机制、人类活动和环境压迫的影响等开展系统地研究,才能定量评价其对全球气候变化的贡献,并阐明变化趋势。 相似文献
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海水养殖对沿岸生态环境影响的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
综述国际上海水养殖对沿岸环境影响的研究进展 ,并结合中国实际探讨减少养殖污染和海水养殖业可持续发展的途径。海水养殖主要通过有机物和营养物的排放、化学药物的使用、养殖动物的逃逸、红树林的破坏等途径对沿岸生态环境产生负面影响。为减小这一影响 ,认为应采取提高人工饲料的质量、单一养殖系统结构优化和复合养殖系统的结构优化、处理养殖排放水、海岸带综合治理等措施。 相似文献
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Impact Analysis of Coastal Engineering Projects on Mangrove Wetland Area Change with Remote Sensing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In the past decades, two large scale coastal engineering projects have been carried out in the Deep Bay surrounded by Shenzhen City and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. One project is Shenzhen River channel regulation and the other is the sea reclamation along the seashore on the Shenzhen side. The two projects are very close to the two national nature reserves, specifically Futian in Shenzhen and Mai Po in Hong Kong, which are important wetland ecosystems worldwide. This paper aims to identify and monitor the mangrove wetland changes with time series of Landsat Thematic Mapper images pre and post to the two engineering projects being launched. Coupled analysis of the image interpretation results and tidal data acquired at the same time in the context of the two works reveals that the mangrove wetland area has increased from year 1989 to 1994, and has changed little from year 1994 to 2002. Binary coding is applied to reveal the distribution image of mangrove at each phase, and the coding image shows that the construction of the two coastal engineering projects has caused frequent changes in mangrove spatial distribution. The study also shows that the change is not significant regarding to the precision of the method and the natural evolution of mangrove wetland, and the projects do not cause apparently influences upon the two national mangrove conservation zones at least for the research time period. 相似文献