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介绍了青海省兴海７．０级地震前水氡，地下水位，地表形变，地震活动性，气象及动物等出现的异常，并对震前的预报作了简介。 相似文献
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观测动物习性异常预报地震是我国群测群防地震工作的主要任务之一。我国观测与研究动物习性异常与地震关系的工作,是一九六六年邢台地震之后发展起来的。邢台地震强余震之前,震区及其外围地区广大群众观测到了动物习性异常,这一结果受到了各方面的高度重视并引起了强烈的反响。为了监测和预报地震,先在地震重点监视区的华北,后在全国相继开展了动物习性异常的观测与研究工作。邢台地震之后,我国进入了地震活动高潮期,大地震不断发生,造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡,人们强烈要求开展地震预测预报工作,由于动物习性异常观测方法简单,种类多,所以很快在全国各地开展起来并取得一些效果。如1969年7 相似文献
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对哈萨克斯坦几次M≥6强震前动物行为异常的有关资料进行了研究，发现动物（20种）是通过其行为反应的变化对地震作出响应的。另外，在阿拉木图的山前地带（地震活动值大于9），对动物血液学和生物学指数上的动态变化进行了观察。 相似文献
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对哈萨克斯坦几次Ｍ≥６强震前动物行为异常的有关资料进行了研究，发现动物（２０种）是通过其行为反应的变化对地震作出响应的，另外，在阿拉木图的山前地带（地震活动值大于９）对动物血液学和生物学指数的动态变化进行了观察。 相似文献
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一、一九七六年唐山、松潘地震之后，陕西关中等地区的一些观测手段曾出现明显的异常变化，其中突出的是，微小地震活动正常年份Ms≥l的地震年频次平均约为18次，而一九七六年竞达50余次；一些局部地区多次出现人感地动；西安台的形变电阻率发生明显的负异常以及动物、火球、井水位等多种宏观异常。这些异常的出现致使陕西关中等一些地方一度震情非常紧张，结果酿成了一场虚惊。 相似文献
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山东苍山5.2级地震前地震活动特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从小震活动的时空分布以测震学参数的变化出发，分析了苍山地震前地震活动的异常特下，研究结果表明，苍山５．２级地震前出现了地震活动的图像和几种中，短期测震学参数，异常，但无明显短临信息的前震活动。 相似文献
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在分析了首都圈地区（３８．５°～４１°Ｎ，１１３°～１２０°Ｅ）中强以上地震前地震活动特征的基础上，总结出了本区中强以上地震前地震活动的普遍性特征，应用孕震模型对地震活动异常进行综合分析，给出了应用地震活动异常进行地震预报的物理基础。文中还提出了应用中期地震活动异常进行预报的综合判别指标，当其达到给定阈值时，再考虑地质构造、中强以上地震发生的自然概率、大震后的减震作用、中期地震活动异常的分布及其预报效能等因素，给出二维的综合概率分布图，把概率值较高的地区作为未来一、二年中强以上地震的危险区。此外还进行了震级、时间预测方面的研究。 相似文献
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动物习性异常作为地震前兆研究的历史与未来 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄赞 《地震地磁观测与研究》2006,27(4):44-51
地震前动物习性异常在很早就有历史文献记录记载。动物习性异常是海城地震预报中重要的宏观前兆之一。此后动物习性异常作为地震前兆的研究在全世界范围内得到重视。因为地震并不是动物习性异常的唯一原因,这一研究后来基本上被放弃。在生命科学的研究达到分子水平并进入基因层次以后,动物习性异常作为地震前兆的研究又重新开始。现在的研究试图从基因遗传水平上解释动物的地震避险能力是如何遗传与进化的,并运用现代分子生物学的技术解开动物习性异常的机理,找出作为地震前兆的特有反应,从而做出地震预报。 相似文献
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本文从背景性地震活动、地震活动的时空分布以及前兆震群活动等基本特征出发，分析了共和地震前地震活动的异常特征。结果说明，共和地震是发生在青藏高原北部地震区地震活动增强的背景中。震前２０年存在着中强地震空区。震前２－３年几乎同步出现了多种测震学异常。但无短临信息的前震活动。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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