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1.
鄂西宜昌地区寒武系出露齐全、连续，且岩石类型多样、化石丰富，是我国寒武系的标准剖面之一。其沉积环境以潮下高能浅滩为主，其次为间歇能量的潮间带、滨岸的中小型浅滩，少数为开阔海较深处的静水灰泥沉积。石灰岩集中分布于下寒武统天河板组和水井沱组，其次在下寒武统的石牌组、中寒武统的磕膝包组、官山瑙组有少量夹层出现。其岩石类型有颗粒灰岩（鲕粒灰岩、核形石灰岩、砾屑灰岩及砂屑灰岩）、含颗粒泥粉晶灰岩（含生屑泥粉晶灰岩、含生屑灰岩）及泥晶灰岩。白云岩是本地区数量最多的岩石类型。从下寒武统石龙洞组开始都是白云岩沉积，白云岩可据白云石化作用机理和时间的不同分为准同生白云岩和准同生后白云岩两大类。准同生白云岩广泛出现于中上寒武统，岩石呈土黄色、砖红色，具纹层、鸟眼、干裂构。准同生后白云岩根据残余颗粒的有无可分为残余颗粒白云岩和晶粒白云岩两大类。晶粒白云岩有两种成因。一为回流渗透云化；二为深埋藏云化。根据本区寒武系岩石的岩石学特征、生物组合特征和结构构造特征本文重建了各组段的沉积环境. 相似文献
2.
Dr. C. D. Walley 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1983,72(1):377-388
The lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the lower Cretaceous strata of Lebanon is completely revised. Four formations are defined in place of the existing complex of informal nomenclature. In ascending order these are the Chouf Sandstone Formation, the Abeih Formation, the Mdairej Limestone Formation and the Hammana Formation. The Hammana Formation is subdivided into a lower Dahr el Beidar Member and an upper Knisseh Member. 相似文献
3.
Reflux stratabound dolostone and hydrothermal volcanism-associated dolostone: a two-stage dolomitization model (Jurassic, Lebanon) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Kesrouane Formation, which is characterized by pervasive dolomitization, has a stratigraphic thickness that exceeds 1000 m. It is part of a broad carbonate platform deposited in the Levant region and represents 60% of the Lebanese Jurassic rocks. Two genetically distinct dolostones are recognized within this unit: (1) fine‐to‐medium crystalline non‐planar grey dolostone; and (2) coarse‐crystalline planar beige dolostone. The former is stratabound and of Early Jurassic age (87Sr/86Sr = 0·707455). This dolostone locally exhi‐bits pseudomorphs of evaporite nodules, pointing towards seepage‐reflux dolomitization by hypersaline‐ to marine‐related fluids. Exposures of the coarse‐crystalline dolostone are associated with regional pre‐Cretaceous faults, along which Late Jurassic volcanics also occur. Sedimentological and diagenetic considerations coupled with microthermometry support a hydrothermal origin for this dolostone, with TH values of primary inclusions between 50 and 80 °C. The related dolomitizing fluids are mesosaline (3·5–12·0 eq. wt% NaCl), and are believed to result from the mixing of evaporative brines and sea water. Dolomitization is thus believed to have occurred in two stages, whereby fluids invaded the host rocks first by seepage‐reflux, explaining the resulting Early Jurassic stratabound dolostone, and later through fracture flow along the faults associated with the Late Jurassic volcanism, explaining the coarse‐crystalline hydrothemal dolostone. 相似文献
4.
Calcitized Jurassic dolostones from central Mount Lebanon (Kesrouane Formation) are discussed utilizing petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical data. In particular, two sequential extraction methods for both major/trace elements and stable isotope analyses provide results that support and refine conventional bulk analyses data. The new data demonstrate that the major dedolomitization phase of the investigated Jurassic carbonates occurred as a result of the migration of karst‐related meteoric waters (characterized by soil‐derived carbon, and estimated δ18OV‐SMOW composition between ?7·2‰ and ?3·4‰) into previously dolomitized horizons within the limestone rock, during the final uplift and emergence of Mount Lebanon, after Palaeogene time. The study demonstrates that, in this case, the mechanisms of dedolomitization and their resulting fabrics are controlled primarily by the texture of the original dolomite rock. Pervasively dolomitized rocks, where the micritic matrix is entirely dolomitized, show calcitization mainly through dissolution/precipitation. By contrast, the rock textures that still include a considerable amount of limey micritic matrix – spared from dolomitization – are more prone to mole per mole and mimic replacement of the dolomite crystals by calcite. 相似文献
5.
中国白垩纪大陆科学钻探松科1井南孔连续取青山口组一段岩心81.41m,收获率为100%。青一段沉积时期应与土仑阶对应。通过对松科1井南孔青一段岩心的精细描述,揭示其岩性-岩相-旋回的沉积序列及其过程。青一段识别出6种岩石类型(泥岩、白云岩、泥灰岩、重结晶灰岩、介形虫灰岩和火山灰)。相类型为深湖亚相以及白云岩沉积、泥灰岩沉积、灰岩沉积、深湖浊流沉积、火山灰沉积和深湖静水泥沉积共6种沉积微相。青一段中可识别的米级旋回(六级旋回)有4种类型,可划分出81个米级旋回。这些米级旋回叠加成25个五级旋回、6个四级旋回,识别出1个三级旋回界面。对青山口组一段暗色泥岩、白云岩、火山灰等特殊事件层的精细刻画对于松辽盆地的缺氧事件、烃源岩、湖海沟通事件研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
西藏江孜-浪卡子一带的侏罗-白垩纪界线地层 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
侏罗系/白垩系界线是显生宙所有系级界线中存在问题最多的一个。西藏南部出露有良好的侏罗-白垩纪地层,本次工作在喜马拉雅地层区的康马隆子地层分区开展了海相侏罗系/白垩系的界线研究。江孜地区的界线地层被划分为维美组和甲不拉组;浪卡子地区的甲不拉组之下发育一套含大量火山岩层的火山－沉积地层,被称为桑秀组。该地层分区的地层系统由下至上为：维美组浅灰色厚层状粗-细粒石英砂岩;桑秀组黑色页岩、安山岩和玄武岩;以及甲不拉组黑色页岩、硅质泥页岩夹砂岩和砂质灰岩。维美组中含化石稀少,仅在江孜地区发现零星菊石Haplophylloceras、Himalayites等。桑秀组下部页岩和粉砂岩中找到少量菊石化石,属于Spiticeras、Berriasella、Haplophylloceras的一些种,和富集成层的双壳类Inoceramus everesti等。江孜甲不拉组下部化石丰富,划分为Spiticeras-Berriasella下组合和Himalayaites-Haplophylloceras上组合。本研究区的生物地层可与聂拉木地区的菊石化石组合对比。通过生物地层学对比,江孜-浪卡子地区的维美组时代为晚侏罗世Tithonian期,江孜地区甲不拉组下部和浪卡子地区的桑秀组均属于下白垩统。桑秀组下部的页岩段与江孜甲不拉组的最下部地层相当,上部火山岩的同位素年龄为133 Ma。据此,桑秀组的时代为Berriasian至Hauterivian期,侏罗系/白垩系的界线位于该组之底,以Virgatosphinctes、Aulocosphinctes的消失和Spiticeras的出现为标志。侏罗纪末期西藏特提斯海区普遍形成大规模海退,表现为维美组和门卡墩组顶部砂岩的同期沉积。 相似文献
7.
梅冥相 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(5):33-42
华北地台北缘亮甲山组地层中发育有六种碳酸盐米级旋四层序；ａ型和ｂ型属潮下型，其下部单元为钙质泥岩（ａ型）及薄层泥晶灰岩（ｂ型）．上部单元为颗粒泥晶灰岩（ａ与ｂ相同）；ｃ－ｆ型属环潮坪型，它们的上部单元均为薄层泥晶白云岩及泥质白云岩，其下部岩石单元：ｃ型为厚层及块状颗粒泥晶灰岩，ｄ型为局部白云石化颗粒泥晶灰岩，ｅ型为白云岩化颗粒泥晶灰岩，ｆ型为中厚层含少量颗粒的泥晶结晶白云岩。从ａ型到ｆ型正好构成一个米级旋回层序的环境变化谱系。根据米级旋回层序的有序垂直叠加形式，可以建立亮甲山组地层构成的复合海平面变化旋四层序：１个三级旋四层序包含３个四级旋四层序，１３－１５个五级旋四层序，６０余个左右的米级旋四层序．通过这项研究表明，在浅水地层中进行露头旋四层序研究时，米级旋回层序是基本工作单元，其有序垂直叠加形式是识别长周期旋四层序的关键． 相似文献
8.
羌塘盆地隆鄂尼-鄂斯玛古油藏带中侏罗统布曲组含油白云岩带主要由潮坪相及潮下浅滩相颗粒灰岩和藻纹层白云岩、颗粒白云岩组成。藻纹层白云岩与颗粒灰岩组成旋回性沉积,发育藻纹层构造、鸟眼构造;含油白云岩带之间为潟湖相暗色微泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩、介壳灰岩。采用优势相原则,横向对比分析编制隆起剥蚀区、潮坪相带、潟湖相带和潮下浅滩相带古地理展布,以及研究区生油岩与储集层及油气藏的空间分布,预测覆盖区可能存在残存油气藏分布区。 相似文献
9.
ASTER mapping of limestone formations and study of caves, springs and depressions in parts of Sultanate of Oman 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Caves, springs, and large depressions of limestone karst formations are becoming more attractive tourist places and have potential importance on socio-economic development. The present study is a multi-scale point of view on limestone karst, from the space images to microscopic fabric. Here, the karst features consist of limestone formations of Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) age of Tanuf Valley and Tertiary (Late Paleocene–Middle Eocene) age of Sur region of parts of Sultanate of Oman which are mapped in the visible near-infrared and shortwave infrared spectral bands of advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) using decorrelated stretch image processing technique and the occurrences of caves, springs, and depressions of the formations in the field were studied. The decorrelated RGB images of ASTER spectral bands 8, 3, and 1 discriminated well the limestone formations and associated lithology. The limestone formations of Tanuf valley (Natih formations of Hajar unit) are thick-bedded, massive, shallow marine limestone and clayey limestone, which have caves and springs. Large depressions are studied as collapsed structures at the boundary between Abat formations; they consist of gray to white marly or micritic limestone with chert nodules and Seeb Formation of bioclastic limestone, calcarenite, marl, and sandstone of Sur region. Interpretations of limestone formations, their occurrences and distributions of caves, springs and depressions of these regions are verified and confirmed in the field and studied in the laboratory. Occurrences of more springs and depressions in the limestone formations of the study sites are interpreted and located on the Google Earth image. The study proved the capability of ASTER sensor in mapping of limestone formations and recommends the technique to other geographical regions where similar geological questions need to be resolved. 相似文献
10.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):1029-1048
We have undertaken major and trace element analyses of volcanic rocks in Northeast China, as well as U–Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of their zircons, in order to determine the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the volcanics. Mesozoic volcanism in the southern Manzhouli area occurred in two stages: Middle to Late Jurassic (164–147 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (142–123 Ma). The first stage is represented by the Tamulangou, Jixiangfeng, and Qiyimuchang formations. The Jixiangfeng Formation (162–156 Ma) is a rhyolite–trachyte dominated unit that lies between two basalt units, namely the underlying Tamulangou (164–160 Ma) and overlying Qiyimuchang (151–147 Ma) formations. The second igneous stage is dominated by rhyolitic lavas and tuffs of the Shangkuli Formation and basaltic rocks of the Yiliekede Formation, and they yield zircon U–Pb ages of 142–125 and 135–123 Ma, respectively. Basaltic rocks of the Tamulangou and Yiliekede formations have a wide range of MgO contents (1.64–9.59 wt%), but are consistently depleted of Nb and Ta and enriched with incompatible trace elements such as large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs). Trachytes and rhyolites of the Jixiangfeng and Shangkuli formations are characterized by enrichment in LILEs and LREEs relative to HFSEs and HREEs, and with negative Nb, Ta, P, and Ti anomalies and positive ? Hf(t) values (3.49–9.98). These data suggest that basaltic volcanic rocks in southern Manzhouli were generated by fractional crystallization of a common parental magma, which was derived by partial melting of metasomatized (enriched) lithospheric mantle, whereas the trachytic and rhyolitic magmas were produced by the melting of lower crustal mafic and felsic granulites, respectively. Geochronological data indicate that Mesozoic volcanism in southern Manzhouli was initiated in the Middle to Late Jurassic and continued into the Early Cretaceous. It was mainly induced by lithospheric extension after the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. 相似文献
11.
根据岩性及其组合特征,本文将西藏北部安多—巴青地区侏罗纪含礁地层划分为流水成因的颗粒岩岩相、流水成因的碎屑岩岩相、复成因的泥晶—泥质灰岩岩相、生物及生物化学成因的障积岩岩相、生物及生物化学成因的粘结—障积岩岩相和生物及生物化学成因的骨架岩岩相等6大类型,计16种岩相。它们构成了潮坪相组合、台地浅滩相组合、开阔台地相组合和台地生物礁相组合共4种岩相组合,并由下而上有规律地形成2种岩相序列,即陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合台地相序列和碳酸盐台地相序列。 相似文献
12.
大安寨段介壳灰岩作为四川盆地主要的非常规产油层,岩性及沉积特征较为特殊。通过野外露头观察及岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等分析手段,对重庆北碚地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段的沉积特征进行了系统分析。结果表明：重庆北碚地区侏罗系大安寨段岩性复杂,以亮晶介壳灰岩、粉晶白云岩、泥质介壳灰岩和泥页岩为主,次为生屑云岩和砂屑灰岩。大安寨段属受陆源碎屑影响明显的湖相碳酸盐岩沉积,可划分出滨浅湖亚相及高能介壳滩、高能砂屑介壳滩、滩间洼地、低能介壳滩等多个微相。其中,高能砂屑介壳滩水动力条件强、原生孔隙较发育。虽受埋藏成岩作用影响而使原生孔隙消耗殆尽,但后期溶蚀作用和构造作用改造仍可形成特低孔、低渗的非常规碳酸盐储层。 相似文献
13.
通过对羌塘盆地那底岗日地区上侏罗统—下白垩统索瓦组碳酸盐岩稀土元素丰度、分布模式及稀土总量(ΣREE)的分析,结合总有机碳(TOC)含量、EFMn、Sr/Cu的变化特征,探讨了稀土元素纵向变化与气候环境之间的关系。结果表明:那底岗日地区碳酸盐岩中稀土元素总丰度值平均为45.3μg/g(不包括Y)。稀土元素与总有机碳(TOC)之间存在较好的相关性,与EFMn和Sr/Cu值的变化呈反向对应关系。ΣREE的高值段代表相对湿润的气候环境,ΣREE的低值段代表干热的气候环境。根据稀土元素分布与沉积环境的关系,推断晚侏罗世—早白垩世那底岗日地区经历了干热和相对温湿频繁交替变更的气候演化过程。 相似文献
14.
Rory N. Mortimore 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2019,130(3-4):406-450
Extraordinary, long-distance litho-marker beds such as the Lewes and Shoreham Tubular Flints and associated marl seams and fossils, recognised in cliff exposures and cliff-fall boulders, are keys to unlocking the stratigraphy and tectonic structures in the Late Cretaceous of the Dorset and East Devon Coast World Heritage Site (Jurassic Coast). Durdle Cove is a special gem exposing the Lewes and Seaford Chalk stratigraphy where new marker beds are identified and sediments and tectonic structures provide clues to timing of movements that produced a Late Cretaceous pericline which grew into a Miocene monocline along the line of the underlying Purbeck Reverse Fault. During ‘inversion’ along this fault some Late Cretaceous Chalk formations were in part or completely ‘lost’ (e.g. Middle Turonian New Pit Chalk Formation) and others were condensed (e.g. Late Santonian and Early Campanian Newhaven Chalk Formation). Excavation of the A354 road cutting at the Lower Bincombe Farm, has greatly added to the stratigraphical records of Late Cretaceous fossils in South Dorset, especially Coniacian and Early Campanian inoceramid bivalves and the various stratigraphically specific forms of the Late Santonian to Early Campanian echinoid fossil Echinocorys scutata spp. not recorded before in this coastline. The very large bivalve fossil Platyceramus sp. provides clues to chalk sea-floor environments. 相似文献
15.
湖相碳酸盐岩在可可西里盆地的古、新近纪地层中分布广泛,更是中新统五道梁群沉积的主要组成部分。五道梁群湖相碳酸盐岩分为生物粘结灰岩(叠层石)、泥晶灰岩、颗粒灰岩与泥晶白云岩四大类,反映出沉积环境为一个具有浅水—半深水、高盐度、半封闭—封闭特点的综合湖泊系统。 相似文献
16.
通过对云南乌蒙山区彝良地区中下三叠统6条野外地质剖面测量及500余片岩石薄片镜下观察,结合区域构造特征,将该地区中下三叠统划分为6个三级层序。岩石类型主要为泥铁质粉砂岩、细粒长石岩屑砂岩、含钙质泥质粉砂岩、细粒岩屑砂岩、钙质胶结细粒岩屑砂岩、含生物屑泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩、泥灰岩-含海绿石铁质生物屑亮晶砂屑灰岩、微晶灰岩-泥晶灰岩-含海绿石泥晶砂屑灰岩、亮晶鲕粒灰岩、含粉砂质泥质微晶灰岩、微晶灰岩等。结合沉积物的结构特征、组分及其组合特征,认为彝良地区中下三叠统的沉积相主要为海岸和碳酸盐岩开阔台地相。 相似文献
17.
云南兰坪中排李子坪铅锌矿矿床成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铅锌矿产于下白垩统景星组下段泥质粉砂岩、钙质砂岩和中侏罗统花开左组上段砂岩夹薄层泥灰岩介壳灰岩中,脉状、透镜状、层状、似层状等产出。NNE向断裂的交叉夹持部位的旁侧派生次级断裂及层间破碎带是主要容矿构造,矿床成因为沉积-中低温热液改造构造控矿型。 相似文献
18.
西藏北部班戈地层分区下白垩统郎山组、康曲组和余穷组地层层序研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在西藏自治区北部区域地质调查过程中 ,在班戈地层分区的下白垩统郎山组之上发现一套厚约 180 0 m的滨海—浅海相碳酸盐岩、陆源细碎屑岩岩石组合 ,该套组合不属于郎山组定义之内 ,且出露良好、层序稳定、标志清楚、厚度巨大、化石丰富 ,并具有很强的可填图性。因此 ,我们将整合于郎山组之上 ,岩性以杂色微—薄层状钙质泥岩、钙质 (粉 )砂岩与泥质生物灰岩的韵律产出为特征 ,产圆笠虫、腹足类、双壳类等化石的地层命名为康曲组 ;将整合于康曲组之上 ,下部以灰—深灰色中薄层状泥质生物灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、钙质泥岩等韵律出现为特征 ,上部以灰色中—厚层状含硅质结核圆笠虫泥晶灰岩、圆笠虫泥晶灰岩夹灰绿色薄层状钙质砂岩为特征 ,富含圆笠虫、腕足类、腹足类、双壳类及海胆等化石的地层定名为余穷组。时代均置于早白垩世晚期 相似文献
19.
Geochemistry and origin of rare earth elements (REEs) in the Shengli River oil shale, northern Tibet, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Xiugen Fu Jian Wang Yuhong Zeng Fuwen Tan Jianglin He 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,(1):21-30
The Shengli River-Changshe Mountain oil shale zone, located in the North Qiangtang depression, northern Tibet plateau, represents a potentially large marine oil shale resource in China. Twenty-eight samples including oil shale, micritic limestone and marl were collected from the Shengli River area to determine the contents and distribution patterns of rare earth elements (REEs) in marine oil shale. Oil shale samples from the Shengli River area have high ash yield (61.86–67.48%) and TOC content (8.02–13.67%) with low total sulfur (St,d) content (0.76–1.39%) and intermediate shale oil content (3.60–16.30%). The total rare earth element (ΣREE) content in oil shale samples is notably depleted (46.79–67.90 μg/g), approximately one third of the mean value of the North American Shale Composite (NASC), and lower than that of world-wide black shales and Chinese coals, but higher than that of world-wide coals and micritic limestone samples (29.21 μg/g) from the Shengli River area. The oil shale samples from the Shengli River area exhibit shale-like Chondrite or NASC-normalized REE patterns similar to those of micritic limestone and marl samples from this area, indicating that REEs of these different lithological samples may have been derived from a similar terrigenous source.REE contents of oil shale samples are highly positive correlated with ash yield and show a positive correlation with Fe and a weakly positive correlation with organic sulfur, and the vertical variations of REEs mainly follow those of Si, Al, K and Ti. All these facts indicate that the REE contents in oil shale seams are mainly controlled by clay minerals and, to a lesser extent, by pyrite, as well as partly associated with oil shale organic constituents. Rare earth elements in the Shengli River oil shale have originated from two sources: a felsic volcanic rock source and a clastic or/and limestone source. 相似文献
20.
合肥盆地中生代地层时代与源区的碎屑锆石证据 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
合肥盆地位于大别造山带北侧、郯庐断裂带西侧,其发育过程与这两大构造带演化密切相关。本次工作对合肥盆地南部与东部出露的中生代砂岩与火山岩进行了锆石年代学研究,从而限定了各组地层的沉积时代,确定了火山岩喷发时间,指示了沉积物的源区。这些年代学数据表明,合肥盆地南部的中生代碎屑岩自下而上分别为下侏罗统防虎山组、中侏罗统圆筒山组或三尖铺组、下白垩统凤凰台组与周公山组(或黑石渡组)与上白垩统戚家桥组,其间缺失上侏罗统。盆地东部白垩系自下而上为下白垩统朱巷组与响导铺组和上白垩统张桥组。该盆地出露的毛坦厂组或白大畈组火山岩喷发时代皆为早白垩世(130～120 Ma)。盆地南部的下——中侏罗统及白垩系源区皆为大别造山带,分别对应该造山带的后造山隆升与造山后伸展隆升。而盆地东部白垩系的源区始终为东侧的张八岭隆起带,后者属于郯庐断裂带伸展活动中的上升盘。 相似文献