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1.
通过数值模拟来研究热带气旋中的β偶极涡环流,结果可见,在中层的偏差流场上,有清晰的β偶极涡环流,即涡旋中心以西为气旋性环流,以东为反气旋性涡旋,理论分析表明,该β偶极涡环流是由地转涡度平流造成的。  相似文献   

2.
1998年夏季热带内外大气低频振荡特征分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
利用纬向平均的局地经向环流模式,对1984年南海地区4月28日~5月31日每日两个时次的局地平均经向环流进行模拟。模拟结果与观测结果吻合,反映出1984年南海夏季风形势的建立是一个经历反复的过程。此外,用诊断分析的方法通过计算各动力和热力强迫因子对季风经向环流的贡献,发现驱动1984年南海夏季风经向环流的首要因子是潜热加热项,主要由北部凝结加热,南部蒸发冷却的经向不均匀加热场分布使得潜热加热对环流的作用为正。温度垂直对流输送项的作用次之,该项的分布在南海北部的值为正、南部值近似为零,这种分布形势也使该因子能单独引起一个正季风环流。第三大因子是纬向温度平流输送项,在南海地区北部有暖平流,南部冷平流的温度平流分布形势对季风环流也起正的作用。而对季风中断期的因子分析表明:潜热加热及纬向温度平流的作用与正季风环流建立期完全相反,温度垂直对流的正作用也大大减弱。  相似文献   

3.
南海暖池初步研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
何有海  关翠华 《高原气象》1999,18(4):595-602
观测事实表明,南海有暖池存在。本文主要采用南海20m层的水温分布资料,讨论了南海暖池的时空演变特征,并结合地转流和海洋环流数值模拟的结果探讨了暖池的形成机制。结果南海暖池有显著的季节张年际变化;暖池的发展除有太阳辐射有关外,还与海洋中涡旋活动及从印度洋输入的暖水有密切关系。  相似文献   

4.
为探讨黄海海洋涡旋的三维结构特征、能量输送与转换及影响机制,对黄海海域典型台风海洋气旋与近海海湾反气旋式涡旋个例进行数值模拟和时空诊断分析。采用FVCOM(Finite Volume Community Ocean Model)区域海洋数值模式精细化描述台风海洋涡旋与近海海洋中小尺度涡旋系统。对涡旋能量传输特征模拟显示,气旋式和反气旋式海洋涡旋中,非对称强流区动能能量下传比涡旋中心部位的强度更强,维持时间更长,下传深度更深。反气旋式海洋涡旋因Ekman流动形成的向中心辐合作用,造成此类差异更显著。气旋涡的动能主要来源于台风的近海面风应力动能和海洋涡旋有效位能的转换,反气旋涡旋区域风动力偏弱,其动能强度维持在低位,其涡旋增强伴随着有效位能的增加。环境因子影响机制从风浪,底摩擦和地形三方面讨论。结果显示:耦合波浪模块后,台风强风应力和风浪的综合作用扩大台风海洋涡旋尺度,并增强涡旋环流强度,同时对相邻的反气旋涡有压缩和减弱作用。风浪效应对台风海洋涡旋有正贡献。强台风过程表层环流响应台风应力而浅水地形和底摩擦强烈影响涡旋下层,造成台风海洋涡旋结构在垂直方向上偏移,并影响到下层环流速度减小,流向与表层相反。在海洋气旋涡和反气旋涡的显著辐散区,其混合层下方有温盐要素的涌升对应,辐合区有温盐要素的下沉对应;同时海底地形的升降也造成温盐强迫上升与下降,其强度与地形起伏尺度成正比,较环流系统作用更强。  相似文献   

5.
通过对1960-2013年在越南登陆或登陆前停编后海南岛出现暴雨的秋冬季台风历史个例的分析,结果表明:秋冬季台风中有47%是南海台风,台风登陆越南或在登陆前停编时的纬度介于11.3°N-20.6°N之间,其中15.0°N-15.9°N最多(23.5%),而19.0°N-19.9°N没有满足条件的台风;秋冬季暴雨出现的主要时段为9月下旬-10月下旬,其中10月中旬暴雨日最多(23.8%);秋冬季暴雨落区集中在海南岛东部、中部和北部内陆地区,琼中县最多(12.7%),西部沿海地区明显偏少;秋冬季暴雨的主要影响系统是热带低值系统(台风或低压环流)、东路或西路冷空气;低空急流和暴雨落区密切相关,暴雨区一般位于低空急流左前侧和切变线南侧;海南岛东北部暴雨偏东风低空急流位于两广南部;东中部暴雨偏东风低空急流位于两广南部至海南岛北部;西南部暴雨东南东风低空急流位于海南岛北部,同时南海存在西南风低空急流;西北部暴雨两广南部有东北东风低空急流;全岛性暴雨两广南部至南海中部为广阔的偏东风低空急流区。  相似文献   

6.
伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变   总被引:39,自引:11,他引:39  
李崇银  屈昕 《大气科学》2000,24(1):1-14
主要基于美国NCEP和NCAR的再分析资料(1980~1996年),针对南海夏季风爆发日期进行合成分析,研究了伴随南海夏季风爆发的大尺度大气环流演变。其结果清楚地表明伴随南海夏季风爆发,南亚和东南亚地区的对流层低层风场、对流层高层位势高度场以及大气湿度场和垂直运动场都有极显著的变化。南亚和东南亚850 hPa上涡旋对的发展和活动以及500 hPa副高从南海地区的东撤对南海季风爆发起着重要作用。伴随南海夏季风的爆发,在孟加拉湾到南中国海一带整层湿度和500 hPa垂直上升运动都出现了极明显的增加。对流层高层和对流层低层环流演变的特征也清楚表明,南海夏季风爆发既是全球环流冬夏演变的一个部分,又有显著的区域性特征。本文还指出南海夏季风在北部比中部和南部早建立的结论依据不足,进而补充给出了亚洲季风爆发日期示意图。  相似文献   

7.
利用中国国家气象信息中心提供的1961—2011年753站逐日降水资料、NECP/NCAR逐日再分析风场和比湿资料,研究了华南夏季多年平均降水低频特征及其与低频水汽输送的相关关系。结果表明,华南夏季降水量呈增多趋势,1992年之后(1993—2011年,时段Ⅱ)比之前(1961—1992年,时段Ⅰ)明显偏多,尤以广西大部、广东北部、闽赣交界处增幅最大。无论时段Ⅰ或时段Ⅱ,华南多年平均夏季降水均呈显著的10~20 d低频振荡,但时段Ⅱ比时段Ⅰ的低频周期更显著。影响10~20 d低频降水的10~20 d低频水汽输送环流系统,在时段Ⅰ主要为西北太平洋反气旋式水汽环流和中南半岛东部、南海南部的一对气旋、反气旋式水汽环流,水汽来自孟加拉湾、南海和西太平洋,冷空气来自里海附近和贝加尔湖以东;在时段Ⅱ主要为西北太平洋反气旋式—气旋式水汽环流对、印尼以东洋面的气旋式、反气旋式水汽环流对,水汽来自南海和西太平洋,冷空气来自贝加尔湖以东。  相似文献   

8.
施晓晖  徐祥德 《高原气象》2009,28(1):108-114
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,计算了1948-2006年春季平均地面气温的线性变率,表明其在华南地区为负变率,而在南部海洋则为正变率,即华南及邻近海域的春季海陆温差具有明显的减弱趋势.合成分析表明,其与夏季东亚区域南风的减弱趋势存在一定的联系.采用第三代区域气候模式(ICTP RegCM3)进行了在春季增高华南陆地表面气温和降低南部海洋表面气温的理想状况数值模拟试验,进一步分析华南及其邻近海域春季海陆温差减弱趋势对东亚夏季风强度的影响.模拟结果表明,与控制试验相比,敏感试验模拟的夏季850 hPa风场在中国东部地区表现出南风减弱的特征(差值风场为北风),同时还可发现夏季中国东部及其以东洋面存在一个气旋性差值环流.因此,华南及其邻近海域春季海陆温差的减弱趋势对东亚夏季风强度可能具有一定的影响.  相似文献   

9.
曾敏  王咏青  冯文 《气象科学》2023,43(5):589-599
利用海南岛气象观测站逐日降水整编资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF) ERA5再分析资料,分析了1991—2020年海南岛冬季暴雨的时空分布及环流特征。结果表明:海南岛冬季暴雨在月际分布(12月—次年2月)上存在较大差异性,降雨量级越大,差异越明显;在空间分布上也存在显著的地域性,东部地区发生频次最高,总体上呈现东多西少的分布特征。海南岛冬季暴雨的水汽输送主要以偏东方向为主,气流来自副高南侧的偏东气流和大陆冷高压东南侧的东北气流。海南岛冬季暴雨发生期间,相对气候平均态而言,偏东低空急流较为强劲,中南半岛南支槽形态明显,副高偏北偏西偏强,南亚高压西北向的出流偏强,且南海海域存在显著的海温正距平。  相似文献   

10.
MM5对南海一次特大暴雨过程的模拟   总被引:4,自引:5,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
李天富 《气象》2003,29(1):3-6
利用MM5数值模式模拟了2000年10月发生在海南岛的特大暴雨天气过程。结果指出,这次特大暴雨发生在南海低压和大陆冷空气的交汇区上,交汇区的东西长度约为800km,冷暖空气的交汇产生了持续的上升运动,交汇区内产生了大范围的特大暴雨,海南岛的陆地降水仅仅是其中的一部分,交汇区具有弱冷锋的热力结构。  相似文献   

11.
探究台风“灿都”经过吕宋海峡附近时的海洋变化过程及其对黑潮入侵吕宋海峡的影响。基于涡尺度海洋再分析资料和中国气象局台风最佳路径数据,研究台风“灿都”经过吕宋海峡附近时海洋热力和动力结构的变化,及吕宋海峡输运对台风的响应。台风“灿都”经过菲律宾东部海域的次表层暖涡维持其强度并发展至巅峰阶段,沿途造成海温降低、海表高度降低、混合层加深等。台风位于吕宋海峡中线附近时,其右侧的暖涡与其发生相互作用,暖涡整体结构被打破。台风到达台湾岛东侧时,遇到其东侧的冷涡并使其加强,强化的负反馈机制使台风强度迅速减弱。在吕宋海峡附近,台风增强了从南海的输出流,抑制了黑潮向南海的入侵流。海峡剖面热能输送的变化与水体输运的变化较一致,而热含量的变化主要受到台风引起的输运异常的间接影响。中尺度涡旋在台风“灿都”发展过程中发挥着重要的作用,台风与暖涡的作用可能打破暖涡结构,与冷涡相遇则会使其加强。台风改变吕宋海峡输运结构主要是抑制中部入侵流和促进南侧输出流,激发出的海峡剖面上的输运异常波动在深层领先于浅层。  相似文献   

12.
A Note on the South China Sea Shallow Interocean Circulation   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14  
1. IntroductionThe South China Sea (SCS) has many channelsconnecting with the outer oceans/seas (Fig. 1). Thewidest and deepest channel is the Luzón Strait, whichis the main entrance to the SCS from the WesternPacific Ocean, having a sill depth of about 2500 m.On the north, the Taiwan Strait connects with theEast China Sea, with a sill depth of about 70 m. Inthe vicinity of Mindoro Island, there are a numberof channels connecting the SCS with the Sulu Sea.The main channel is the M…  相似文献   

13.
Annual variation of the southern boundary current in the Banda Sea   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
ADCP measurements in the southern Banda Sea, obtained with the bulk carrier “MS First Jupiter” from 1997 until 2000, have been analysed. The observations reveal the presence of an eastward flowing southern boundary current, bringing water from the Indonesian throughflow towards the connections with the Indian Ocean in Ombai Strait and the Timor Sea. The mean transport in the upper 300 m is estimated to be about 5 Sv, over 50% of the outflow towards the Indian Ocean in this layer through the eastern passages near Timor. The velocity in the boundary current shows a clear annual variation, more or less in phase with the annually varying inflow through Makassar Strait and the outflow near Timor. The phase of the annual variation cannot be explained by the monsoonal variation of the local winds. Therefore this annual variation of the throughflow is probably generated by large-scale forcing. A considerable reduction of the strength of the boundary current was observed in 1998, following the 1997–1998 El Niño with a delay of about half a year. On shorter time scales, Kelvin waves, entering the Banda Sea from the Indian Ocean, cause flow reversals of the boundary current.  相似文献   

14.
1 INTRODUCTION Most of the conventional sea surface wind data are measurements from ships, buoys and islands, with coverage and spatial resolution far below the requirements of research and application. At present, due to limited understanding of physical processes and efficient exploitation of data, numerical prediction models have not been used as they should be, although routine procedures are able to give sea surface wind fields at the intervals of 6 hours. With the development of sp…  相似文献   

15.
QuikSCAT散射计矢量风统计特征及南海大风遥感分析   总被引:18,自引:5,他引:18  
主要分析了QuikSCAT散射计矢量风资料的统计特征,并利用该资料分析了南海大风频数的月变化、空间分布特征以及南海各月风场的空间分布特征.结果显示QuikSCAT矢量风在南海具有可信性;利用散射计风场资料分析发现在南海主要盛行两种风,即冬季东北风和夏季西南风,东北风最大中心在巴士海峡、台湾海峡;南海中南部存在东北季风的次大中心和西南季风的极大中心.  相似文献   

16.
QuikSCAT卫星散射计矢量风检验及南海月平均风场特征分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
采用中国科学院南海海洋研究所2008年建设的,西沙海洋观测研究站上的自动气象站实测数据,对亚太数据研究中心提供的近实时QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料(2008年4月6日—12月31日)进行了检验和统计特征分析,得出:这两者风速的相关系数为0.86,平均偏差为-1.50 m/s,均方根误差为1.71 m/s,表明QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场资料在南海具有很高的适用性。在此基础上,利用QuikSCAT卫星遥感的月平均风场资料分析了南海月平均风场特征。结果表明:(1)南海季风10月到次年3月盛行东北风,6—8月盛行西南风,4、5、9月为季风转换季节;(2)存在两个平均风速大值中心,一个位于南海南部(10°N,108°E)附近,另一个位于台湾海峡附近,其位置和强度会随着季节变化而变动。  相似文献   

17.
Wind data from NCEP and hydrographic data obtained during 8–27 March 1992 have been used to compute circulation in the Luzon Strait and the northern South China Sea using three-dimensional diagnostic models with a modified inverse method. Numerical results are as follows: the main Kuroshio is located above 800 m levels. It has two intrusive branches of the Kuroshio in the areas above 400 m. One part intrudes anti-cyclonically northwestward, then flows through the area above 200 m southwest of Taiwan and into the Taiwan Strait. The other part intrudes westward and flows cyclonically in the areas north of the cyclonic eddies, then flows southward through the southern boundary of the region. The net westward volume transport (VT) through Section at 120°15′E between Luzon Island and Taiwan Island is about 3.0 Sv, net northward VT through northern boundaries into the Taiwan Strait is about 1.4 Sv and net southward VT through southern boundaries is about 1.6 Sv, which finally flows into the Karimata and Mindoro Straits. In the areas above 400 m east of 117°15′E, the circulation is mainly dominated by the basin-scale cyclonic gyre, which consists of two cyclonic eddies. However, in the areas below 400 m east of 119°00′E, the circulation is mainly dominated by basin-scale anti-cyclonic gyre. The joint effect of baroclinity and relief and interaction between wind stress and relief are important in different area respectively for the pattern of the depth-averaged flow across contours of fH−1.  相似文献   

18.
The SODA product is used to investigate three Indonesian throughflow (ITF) branches: the flow through the Makassar Strait; through the South China Sea; and through the eastern Indonesian basins. The results reveal strong interannual variation in the Makassar Strait and the eastern Indonesian basins throughflow. Inspection of vertically integrated dynamic height (0–1000 db), a proxy of transport function, suggests that this interannual variation can be traced to the New Guinea Coastal Current, indicative of a strong influence of the South Pacific. The vertically integrated dynamic height along the south Java coast is related to variation in the North Pacific and in particular near the east coast of Mindanao Island, whereas the vertically integrated dynamic height along the coast of West Australia is related to variation in the South Pacific, and in particular near the coast of New Guinea. The integrated dynamic height difference between the Java and New Guinea coast appears to be a good proxy of ITF transport on the interannual time scale. Regression analysis shows a phase dependence of the three ITF pathways on the Nino3.4 index. Decoupling of current anomalies between the surface and subsurface layers is identified in the developing and mature phase of El Nino, reflecting different effects of local and remote forcing through oceanic pathways at the Makassar Strait and eastern Indonesian basins.  相似文献   

19.
A study of the circulation in the northern South China Sea (SCS) is carried out with the aid of a three-dimensional, high-resolution regional ocean model. One control and two sensitivity experiments are performed to qualitatively investigate the effects of surface wind forcing, Kuroshio intrusion, and bottom topographic influence on the circulation in the northern SCS. The model results show that a branch of the Kuroshio in the upper layer can intrude into the SCS and have direct influence on the circulation over the continental shelf break in the northern SCS. There are strong southward pressure gradients along a zonal belt largely seaward of the continental slope. The pressure gradients are opposite in the southern and northern parts of the Luzon Strait, indicating inflow and outflow through the strait, respectively. The sensitivity experiments suggest that the Kuroshio intrusion is responsible for generating the imposed pressure head along the shelf break and has no obvious seasonal variations. The lateral forcing through the Luzon Strait and Taiwan Strait can induce the southwestward slope current and the northeastward SCS Warm Current in the northern SCS. Without the lateral forcing, there is the continental slope. The wind forcing mainly causes the The wind-induced water pile-up results in the southward no high-pressure-gradient zonal belt seaward of seasonal variation of the circulation in the SCS. high pressure gradient along the northwestern boundary of the basin. Without the blocking of the plateau around Dongsha Islands, the intruded Kuroshio tends to extend northwest and the SCS branch of the Kuroshio becomes wider and stronger. The analyses presented here are qualitative in nature but should lead to a better understanding of the oceanic responses in the northern SCS to these external influence factors.  相似文献   

20.
为全面了解中国南海海区海雾的分布特征,为南海海雾气象服务提供基础背景资料,利用2011—2016年1—3月FY-3B气象卫星资料的雾监测产品,分析了中国南海海区海雾的时空分布特征。结果表明:中国南海海雾具有特定的区域特征,中国南海海雾多出现在华南沿海、北部湾沿海、琼州海峡和海南岛东北部沿海海区,南海南部海域出现海雾概率低;南海出现高频次海雾的时间多发生在2月,1月次之,3月最少。该研究结果可为中国南海海雾研究提供背景资料。  相似文献   

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