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对川滇地区主要活动断裂地震活动性的分析表明 ,该区主要活动断裂间存在地震活动的相关性 :1)强震活跃期沿着鲜水河断裂、小江断裂、红河断裂、龙陵 -澜沧断裂及NE向的龙门山 -瑞丽断裂依次迁移 ;2 )鲜水河断裂与龙陵 -澜沧断裂不仅在强震活动上 ,而且在b值变化上存在较强的相关性 ,是平行断裂在区域应力场作用下相互作用的结果 ;3)龙门山 -瑞丽断裂与上述川滇地区其它近NW向断裂间存在地震交替活动的现象 ;4 )龙门山 -瑞丽断裂的地震具有分段活动的特征 ,是断块差异活动的体现。有限元分析显示 ,上述断层相互作用现象是块体非均匀运动过程中应力场调整的反映 ,是块体运动的结果。研究表明川滇地区主要断层地震活动间存在 3种相互作用的现象 ,即块体边界迁移型、旋向相反平行断层交替型和交叉断层交替型 相似文献
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粘弹性有限元与弹簧滑块耦合模型——断层与地块相互作用的数值模拟 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
建立了粘弹性有限元方法和弹簧滑块的耦合模型,模拟了缓慢的大尺度地壳构造运动转化为急剧的小尺度断层失稳的时间过程,展示了地壳块体系统在板块边界作用下的相对运动,断层分配了主要的变形,导致了应力的积累,通过弹簧滑块模型模拟出服从Gutenberg-Richter定律的地震序列。断层摩擦强度的不均匀性控制了地震的发生以及块体的应力状态,地震破裂过程由成核点开始向两端扩展,伴随有应力的触发、应力释放和应力再分配的过程。断层的破裂事件释放了地壳块体的部分应力,靠近断层的地块应力受到局部破裂段的影响,而远离断层的地块应力状态受到断层整体地震活动的控制。 相似文献
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昆仑山口西8.1级地震前青藏块体边界断层异常活动 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
系统分析了青藏块体边界断层的形变资料，研究了断层活动的动态过程及空间分布。结果表明，昆仑山口西8．1级地震前孕震影响范围达到青藏块体的周边地区；发震断层所在的构造带震前断层活动最为剧烈；加强对构造块体断层整体活动的宏观动态比较和分析，有助于判定未来强震发生的危险地段；震后应力将转移并集中到西秦岭构造带及其邻近地区。 相似文献
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日月山断裂位于东昆仑断裂和祁连-海原断裂等主边界断裂控制的柴达木-祁连活动块体内部,属于二级构造。该断裂构造地貌发育,研究其活动特征可获得青藏高原东北缘向外扩展的信息。文中以晚更新世以来清晰的地貌变形为重点,通过RTK测量方法获得沿断层走向的垂直位移量,基于断层生长连接理论,分析了日月山断裂的演化,并讨论其反映的动力学背景,主要获得了以下3点认识:1)根据晚更新世以来洪积扇和阶地等地貌内长约200km的3期断层陡坎的发育特征,将日月山断裂分为5段,最重要的分段位于第三重叠区(CD-3)。2)日月山断层3期位移量分布形态反映了断层由多条次级破裂生长连接而成,处于断层生长连接的第二阶段。以CD-3为界,NW侧的断层持续生长连接;东南侧的断层活动时间相对较短,活动强度相对较弱。3)断层位移量分布曲线极值指示了应变集中和应力积累的位置。以CD-3重叠区为界,NW侧应力和应变主要集中在中部及断层重叠区,东南侧应力长期积累的范围则相对分散。应力状态可能与区域构造应力挤压作用下块体内部的顺时针旋转有关。 相似文献
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强震孕育和发生与较大空间尺度和时空演变的地壳运动,尤其是活动块体及其边界带的构造变形密切相关.Matsu'ura负位错模型认为受现今地壳运动驱动下的各活动地块间的相对运动在地块边界处有可能受到部分阻碍,从而导致应力应变积聚.若视块体边界区域的地表位移为刚性块体的(平移)运动减去边界上部(由若干断层段构成,每一断层段用弹性半空间的单一矩形位错模型模拟)对块体相对运动的部分锁定在地表产生的位移.则利用地表位移观测可将区域深部的多个块体与其边界断层联系起来,其通过反演确定的块体边界断层带的相对闭锁区,对地震预报很有意义.而实际存在的地壳变形还应包含块体本身的变形.本文研究建立一种块体弹性变形及其边界负位错部分锁定的水平形变复合作用模型,即增加块体应变参量.经比较研究,此模型较原Matsu'ura负位错模型及笔者以往所作的对模型的初步改进(增加块体旋转参量)更符合地壳运动实际,拟合效果大为改善;进而求取该复合模型形变应变场的时空演化图像,并借助年均应力降(主要反映剪应力强度)与年均地震矩(反映块体边界断层段的能量积累速率)度量断层锁定能量强度,其图像表现力和时空演变定量化程度大幅提高. 相似文献
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通过ANSYS软件建立二维雁列断层模型，采用粘弹性力学参数，建立摩擦系数接触单元，模拟10万年时间大尺度雁列走滑断层活动（地震相关活动），分析挤压条件下的断层活动特征，研究结果表明：①断层时空区域不同，所受应力也不同，接近贯通区域重合地区所受应力较大，粘滑运动剧烈，由贯通区域向断层两侧逐渐延伸，所受应力依次减小；②摩擦系数越小，地震发生频率越高，地震运动周期越短，则位错量相对较小，易发生震级较小地震；摩擦系数越大，地震发生频率越低，地震运动周期越长，则位错量相对较大，易发生震级较大地震；③给定的边界挤压速率越大，地震发生频率越高，地震运动周期越短，则位错量增大，易发生震级较大地震。 相似文献
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苏门答腊地区发育多条左旋走滑性质断层，地震活动活跃.2006年3月2日该区西南海域发生了MS7.8大地震.大地震的发生常常会引发区域位移场和应力场及周围断层应力状态发生变化.本文建立全球PREM有限元地球模型，据已有的断层滑动模型计算了此次苏门答腊地震引发的同震位移和应力及库仑应力变化，并进一步讨论了此次地震对周围断层的影响以及区域构造应力场对库仑应力变化计算的影响.初步结果表明此次苏门答腊MS7.8地震造成较大的南北向水平位移且集中在探测者破裂区（Investigator Fracture Zone），最大水平位移量约6.74 m，断层倾角接近垂直，下盘向北运动而上盘向南，进一步表明MS7.8地震为典型的左旋走滑为主的地震，发生海啸的可能性较低；库仑应力变化达MPa量级的区域集中在震中，但近场大部分余震分布在库仑应力减小区域，有效摩擦系数变化和区域构造应力场的耦合作用可能是其原因；利用改进的库仑应力变化计算方法和最优破裂方向计算得出的结果显示库仑应力触发理论可较好地解释余震分布. 相似文献
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Recent high-resolution deep seismic reflection profile across the Kunlun fault in northeastern Tibet shows clearly that the Moho is cut off by a complex thrust fault system. Moho offset is a general phenomenon, but little is known about the dynamic mechanism. In this study, contact models with Maxwell materials are used to simulate the mechanical process of Moho offset induced by the aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. Based on the seismic reflection data, we project a single fault model and a complex fault system model with two faults intersecting. The deformations of the Moho, the aseismic slips, and contact stresses on faults in different models are discussed in detail. Results show that the Moho offset might be produced by aseismic slip of deeply buried faults, and the magnitude is influenced by the friction coefficient of faults and the viscosity of the lower crust. The maximum slip occurs near the Moho on the single fault or at the crossing point of two intersecting faults system. Stress concentrates mainly on the Moho, the deep end of faults, or the crossing point. This study will throw light on understanding the mechanism of Moho offset and aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. The results of complex fault system with two faults intersecting are also useful to understand the shallow intersecting faults that may cause earthquakes. 相似文献
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Aseismio fault slip and block deformation in North China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lanbo Liu Alan T. Linde I. Selwyn Sacks Shihai He 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,146(3-4):717-740
In North China, the tectonic fault-block system enables us to use the Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) method to simulate the long-term cross-fault survey and other geodetic data related to aseismic tectonic deformation. By the simulation we have found that: (1) Slips on faults with different orientation are generally in agreement with the ENE-WSW tectonic stress field, but the slip pattern of faulting can vary from nearly orthogonal, to pure shear along the strike of the faults, this pattern cannot be explained by simple geometric relation between the strike of the fault and the direction of the tectonic shortening. This phenomenon has been observed at many sites of cross-fault geodetic surveys, and might be caused by the interactions between different blocks and faults. (2) According to the DDA model, if the average aseismic slip rate along major active faults is at the order of several tenths of millimeter per year as observed by the cross-fault geodetic surveys, the typical strain rate inside a block is at the order of 10–8 year–1 or less, so that the rate of 10–6 year–1, as reported by observations in smaller areas, cannot be the representative deformation rate in this region. (3) Between the slips caused by regional compression and block rotation, there is a possibility that the sense of slip caused by rigid body rotation in two adjacent blocks is opposite to the slip caused by the tectonic compression. But the magnitude of slip resulting from the tectonic compression is much larger than that due to the block rotation. Thus, in general, the slip pattern on faults as a whole agrees with the sense of tectonic compression in this region. That is to say, the slip caused by regional compression dominates the entire slip budget. (4) Based on (3), some observed slips in contradiction to ENE tectonic stress field may be caused by more localized sources, and have no tectonic significance. 相似文献
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Using methods of discontinuous deformation analysis and finite element (DDA+FEM), this paper simulates dynamic processes of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, which occurred in the northern North China where its internal blocks apparently interacted. Studies focus upon both the movement and deformation of the blocks, in particular, the Ordos block, and variations of stress states on the boundary faults. The Tangshan earthquake was composed of three events: slipping motions of NNE-striking major fault, NE-striking fault near the northeastern end of the NNE-striking fault, and NW-striking fault on the southeastern side of the NNE-striking fault. Compared with previous studies, our model yields a result that is more agreeable with the configuration of aftershock distributions. A number of data are presented, such as the principle stress field during the earthquake, contours of the maximum shear stress, the strike-slip deformation between blocks near the earthquake focus, time-dependent variations of slips of earthquake-triggered faulting, the maximum slip distance, and stress drops. These results are in accord with the earthquake source mechanism, basic parameters from earthquake wave study, macro-isoseismic line, observed horizontal displacement vectors, etc. The Tangshan earthquake exerted different influences on the adjacent blocks and boundary faults between them, thus resulting in differential movement and deformation. The Ordos block seems to have experienced the small-scale counterclockwise rotation and deformation, but its northeast part, bounded on the east by the Taihangshan and on the north by the Yanshan and Yinshan belts, underwent relatively stronger deformation. The Tangshan earthquake also changed the stress state of boundary faults of the North China, leading to an increase in shear stress and a decrease in normal stress in the NW-trending Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault through Tangshan City and the northern border faults of the Ordos block, and therefore raises the potential risk of earthquake occurrence. This result is supported by the facts that a series of Ms≥ 6 earthquakes took place at the northern margin of the Ordos block after the Tangshan earthquake. 相似文献
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Using methods of discontinuous deformation analysis and finite element (DDA+FEM), this paper simulates dynamic processes of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, which occurred in the northern North China where its internal blocks apparently interacted. Studies focus upon both the movement and deformation of the blocks, in particular, the Ordos block, and variations of stress states on the boundary faults. The Tangshan earthquake was composed of three events: slipping motions of NNE-striking major fault, NE-striking fault near the northeastern end of the NNE-striking fault, and NW-striking fault on the southeastern side of the NNE-striking fault. Compared with previous studies, our model yields a result that is more agreeable with the configuration of aftershock distributions. A number of data are presented, such as the principle stress field during the earthquake, contours of the maximum shear stress, the strike-slip deformation between blocks near the earthquake focus, time-dependent variations of slips of earthquake-triggered faulting, the maximum slip distance, and stress drops. These results are in accord with the earthquake source mechanism, basic parameters from earthquake wave study, macro-isoseismic line, observed horizontal displacement vectors, etc. The Tangshan earthquake exerted different influences on the adjacent blocks and boundary faults between them, thus resulting in differential movement and deformation. The Ordos block seems to have experienced the small-scale counterclockwise rotation and deformation, but its northeast part, bounded on the east by the Taihangshan and on the north by the Yanshan and Yinshan belts, underwent relatively stronger deformation. The Tangshan earthquake also changed the stress state of boundary faults of the North China, leading to an increase in shear stress and a decrease in normal stress in the NW-trending Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault through Tangshan City and the northern border faults of the Ordos block, and therefore raises the potential risk of earthquake occurrence. This result is supported by the facts that a series of Ms ≥ 6 earthquakes took place at the northern margin of the Ordos block after the Tangshan earthquake. 相似文献
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本文根据弹性静力位错理论,讨论了均匀各向同性的弹性半空间中水平面内央任何斜交角度的走滑断层之间的相互影响问题。为了便于从数学上讨论,本文中作了一些假定。根据这些假定,讨论了Y型、V型和X型这三种类型的斜交断层之间的相互影响,井讨论了T型和十字型这两种特殊交汇断层之间的相互作用。结果表明,这几种斜交断层之间的相互影响与其几何配置有关,即位于发震断层附近不同范围内的与之斜交的断层受发震断层的影响不同。这些理论结果对地震危险性的估计和地震预报是有用的。 相似文献
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根据构造地貌遥感解析,发现郯庐断裂带沿庐江白山到桐城卅铺一线显示1组平行断层,现场地震地质调查验证其为1组活动断层。通过断层剖面观测、样品采集及样品测试分析和宏微观构造分析,结果表明,郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺一带第四纪以来仍具有黏滑、蠕滑交替的变形活动。其中,在柯坦—卅铺一带,最年轻的水系被NE向断层组右旋扭折,其断层物质的微观观测和测龄结果表明该断裂段第四纪时的活动具有脆、塑性过渡变形特征,强烈活动时间处于早、中更新世;而白山剖面断层泥年龄测试结果则反映相应断层段在中、晚更新世曾有过较强烈的活动。断层泥超微(SEM)和显微观测结果亦表明该断裂段曾发生黏滑、蠕滑交替的构造变形事件,且表现为先黏滑后蠕滑;结合水系呈现缓慢扭折表征,近年来沿断裂有不少微震发生,表明郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺段的最新滑移方式主要表现为蠕滑,也就是说,该段积累的应力以蠕滑或微震等方式缓慢释放,据此推测未来一定时期内不易孕育强烈地震 相似文献
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2017年8月8日四川省九寨沟县发生M_s7.0地震.本文基于Sentinel-1 SAR影像,利用InSAR技术获取了此次地震的同震形变场,反演获得同震滑动分布,计算了同震位错对余震分布和周边断层的静态库仑应力变化,并对发震构造进行了分析讨论.结果表明:①InSAR同震形变场显示,九寨沟地震造成地表形变最大量级约为20 cm(雷达视线方向),同震形变存在非对称性分布特征.②同震位错以左旋走滑为主,主要发生在4~16 km深度,最大滑动量约为77 cm,位于9 km深处.反演得到的矩震级为Mw6.46.同震错动未破裂到地表.③大部分余震发生在库仑应力增加区.此次地震增加了震中周边地区一些断裂的库仑应力,如东昆仑断裂带东段、龙日坝断裂、虎牙断裂等.④东昆仑断裂东段的未来地震危险性值得关注.⑤九寨沟地震的发震断层为树正断裂,可能是虎牙断裂的北西延伸隐伏部分,此次地震是巴颜喀拉块体南东向运动受到华南块体的强烈阻挡过程中发生的一次典型构造事件. 相似文献
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本文构建川滇地区二维有限元接触模型,采用“块体加载”方法和1999-2007年GPS数据,模拟计算该区主要断裂带的形变运动,对比、分析其运动、受力特征和应力积累差异.结合区域强震研究汶川地震、芦山地震的力学背景.结果显示强震前龙门山断裂带保持低变形,右旋错动不超过1 mm·a-1,挤压不超过0.5 mm·a-1,明显低于其他断裂带,但其两侧应力值与其他断裂带相当,主压应力轴与断裂带走向垂直,形成很宽的挤压带,断层面法向挤压应力积累为-333.74 Pa·a-1,为全区最高.揭示1999年以来,龙门山断裂带及巴颜喀拉块体东部的挤压应力快速增加,致使实际应力可能处于高水平并诱发地震活跃,期间强震呈丛集性,出现汶川、芦山地震接连发生的现象. 相似文献
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昌马断裂带是是青藏高原北部一条活动强烈的左旋走滑断裂带。它表现为重力、航磁、地壳厚度的综合异常梯度带，属于断面陡、切割深的超岩石圈断裂。昌马断裂带由１２条长４公里至１８公里不等的不连续的主断层和４条次级断层组成，可划分为东、中、西三大段落。断裂的水平位移和滑动速率具有分段性，全新世以来，东、中、西三段的左旋水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年，２．６毫米／年和１．５毫米／年。北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的位移具有分级特征，不同级别的位移具有良好的同步性。全新世以来北东东、北北西和北西西三个方向断层的水平滑动速率分别为４．１毫米／年、３．８毫米／年和２．７毫米／年。白垩纪以来，昌马断裂呈天平式运动，显示了枢纽断裂运动特征，枢纽轴位于断裂中段。昌马地震震源破裂性质及其反映的震源应力场与地震破裂带的破裂性质及其反映的构造应力场不一致。昌马地震震源机制解反映了北北西～南南东挤压，作用应力近于水平的震源应力场；昌马地震破裂带的变形组合反映了东北～南西挤压的构造应力场。昌马地震破裂带长１２０公里，分为东部正走滑段、中部逆走滑段和西部尾端破裂段，显示了多个水平位移峰值。全新世以来，沿昌马断裂发生了６次强震事件，强震复发 相似文献