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针对唐山市区地质环境研究的现状,选用G IS组件(M apOb jects)结合可视化编程工具VB研发了地质数据管理平台。在所建立的地质数据管理平台上利用模糊数学评价方法,选择地质构造、地层岩性、第4系厚度、地下水、岩溶地面塌陷和采煤地面塌陷作为评价因子,建立了唐山市区环境地质模糊综合评价模型,编程实现了唐山市区环境地质评价分区,为城市规划和工程建设提供了决策支持。 相似文献
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本研究以围绕着白龙江流域的甘肃省南部的宕昌县、舟曲县和武都区部分地区为研究区,根据全国滑坡编目中得到的272个历史滑坡数据以及选取的高程、坡度、坡向、平面曲率、剖面曲率、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、降雨、岩性、距道路距离和距河流距离10种影响因子,利用三种具有代表性的定量方法：信息量模型、以及基于频率比模型的逻辑回归模型和人工神经网络模型对研究区内滑坡灾害危险性进行评价。三种评价结果均显示研究区内滑坡灾害的极高和高危险区主要沿白龙江河谷地区呈带状分布。从危险性分区图可看出,人工神经网络模型得到的分区图较为合理,既表现出沿河谷地区集中分布的趋势,也呈现出对滑坡历史数据较为独立的特征,这一研究结果与前人研究结果一致。根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）对三种模型的精度进行检验,检验得到的AUC值分别为0.818、0.829和0.837,说明三种评价结果均具有较高的可靠性,基于频率比模型的人工神经网络模型相比其他两个模型具有更好的评价精度,能更好地进行滑坡危险性的预测和评价,其中高程、降雨、岩性以及距道路距离对评价结果影响更大,这四种影响因子重要性值占比为52.1%。为该地区的城市扩建与灾害预防预测提供了参考。 相似文献
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以新疆生产建设兵团第三师叶城二牧场辖区为研究区,通过综合分析研究区地质灾害调查数据,采用层次分析法,构建叶城二牧场地质灾害危险性评价指标体系,依据研究区地质灾害分布发育特征,建立崩塌、滑坡、泥石流地质灾害危险性层次结构模型,确定其影响因素权重,分区评价了地质灾害危险性,划分了四个等级:地质灾害高危险区(10.71%)、地质灾害中度危险区(36.67%)、地质灾害低危险区(43.24%)、地质灾害非危险区(9.68%)。其评价结果与实际条件比较吻合。其区划成果对叶城二牧场减灾防灾以及灾害治理提供了可靠的依据,对新疆地区地质灾害危险性评价工作具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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三亚崖州湾是海南自贸港科技发展的前沿阵地,摸清其地质环境是科技发展规划的基础条件。选取水深、坡度、沉积物环境质量、古河道或古湖泊面积、沙波面积、沙脊面积、软土面积和软土厚度共8个影响因素,采用K-means聚类法、层次分析法和熵权法对研究区适宜性进行定量分区,共划分适宜性好、较好、中等、较差和差五个等级,分析不同影响因素对崖州湾适宜性的影响,总结五个分区的地质环境特征。研究结果表明适宜性最好区位于研究区中北部,其次是中南部,两翼地质环境质量最差,中等区镶嵌分布于崖州湾的外缘;建议优先考虑适宜性最好区进行规划开发,其次是适宜性较好区。文章先用K-means聚类法对影响因素分级,再用层次分析法和熵权法计算评价因子的主客观权重,形成一种主客观结合的科学评价方法,并运用到地质环境开发适宜性评价中,很好地划分出优选区。评价结果可为研究区开发规划及防灾减灾提供基础地质依据,同时具有良好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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构建基于GIS的地震危险性分区评价模型,选取地震震级、地震频次、断层长度、断裂时代及断裂性质5个评价要素,依据各要素特征提出相应的定量化处理方法,最后依据各评价要素权重,通过叠加分析获得评价结果;利用这一方法对西藏日喀则地区进行地震危险性分区评价,结果显示:日喀则地区的地震高危险区主要分布于谢通门—拉孜一带及南木林东北,地震危险区主要分布于高危险区外缘、日喀则市区及南木林县的小部分地区,其他地区属次较安全区、较安全区或安全区。其结果可为日喀则地区的国土规划提供参考依据。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(2)
本文划分了西宝高速公路研究区域地震区带和潜在震源区,采用历史地震资料计算了地震活动性参数,在PGA衰减关系、地震危险性概率计算方法和场地地震动影响分析的基础上,计算了西宝高速公路未来50年超越概率2%、10%和63%的PGA分布,基于Arc GIS绘制了西宝高速公路地震危险性分区图;从设计地震危险性和实际地震危险性2方面总结了公路结构物地震危险性评价方法,开展了漆水河大桥、千河大桥、沣河大桥和渭河大桥等典型结构物的地震危险性评价。研究结果表明:西宝高速公路PGA跨越Ⅶ度和Ⅷ度基本烈度区,评价结果略高于我国第四代地震区划图,这是与渭河断陷盆地地震活跃的现实一致的;漆水河大桥和千河大桥的地震危险性是可控的,沣河大桥和渭河大桥的地震危险性不可控,应采取工程措施进行抗震加固。 相似文献
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以贺兰山东麓断裂带内地下水为研究对象,运用Piper三线图、离子比值等方法对研究区内丰水期与枯水期地下水的水化学特征进行分析,探讨了断裂与水化学组成及地震活动的关系,并建立贺兰山东麓地区地下水成因模型。结果表明：(1)区域地下水总体偏弱碱性,阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,阴离子以HCO-3和SO2-4为主;(2)区域地下水主要受大气降水补给,补给高程为1.07～2.04 km。Na-K-Mg三角图显示,研究区地下水为“未成熟水”。绝大多数水样的矿物饱和指数SI<0,表明区域地下水中各个离子含量大体处于未饱和状态。利用温标法估算该区域地下水的热储温度为74.6℃～114.1℃,循环深度为1.7～2.8 km;(3)地下水样中的Sr、Ba、Li等微量元素富集因子EF>1,富集程度高,其余大部分微量元素含量较低,说明当地地下水为未成熟水,矿化度低,水岩反应程度不强。(4)研究区地下水出露点主要沿贺兰山东麓断裂展布,水温、矿化度、矿物饱和指数及水循环深... 相似文献
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为了解决传统地质灾害危险区预测精准低,计算过程复杂问题,提出一种地震诱发滑坡地质灾害的地貌因子敏感性评价模型,以满足不断增长安全需求。首先,基于贡献率法量化得出不同地形地貌因子对应的面积值,其次,利用确定性系数法更为直观分析地震滑坡发生的关键因子种类,提高后续评价精准度,根据地质因子、外界诱发因子以及人为因子建立评价体系。最后通过几率数值模型、信息量评价模型对敏感性评价,将其分为低敏感性区、中敏感性区、高敏感性区、极高敏感性区。实验证明:评价模型计算简便、精准度高,有着较强的合理性和适用性,可作为地震滑坡相关研究和发展规划的基础科学依据。 相似文献
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M. Nozibul Haque Shamsuddin Shahid Mumnunul Keramat Morteza Mohsenipour 《Water Resources》2016,43(2):283-291
Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used in this paper to delineate groundwater resources potential in the western part of greater Kushtia district of Bangladesh, where urgent attention for augmentation of irrigation water supply is required. Thematic maps of transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, net recharge, aquifer thickness, surface water bodies, aquifer resistivity, overburden aquitard thickness and its resistivity have been prepared and assigned weight according to their relative importance using Analytical Hierarchical Process for the preparation of groundwater potential model. Since the values within each thematic map vary significantly, they are classified into various ranges or types and assigned ratings. Finally, the thematic maps are integrated using GIS to prepare the groundwater potential map for the study area in terms of Ground Water Potential Index (GWPI). The evolved map indicates that 22.51% of the study area have GWPI more than 0.70 and therefore, have excellent prospective for exploitation. About 69.12% of the area with GWPI ranging from 0.50 to 0.70 is also quite promising for groundwater abstraction, while the rest 8.37% area having GWPI below 0.50 indicates moderate potential. The obtained map of groundwater potential is found in good agreement with the yields of available pumping test data. 相似文献
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Developing a reliable model for aquifer vulnerability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cheng-Shin Jang Chien-Wen Lin Ching-Ping Liang Jui-Sheng Chen 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(1):175-187
The assessment of aquifer vulnerability to pollution is crucial for planning a sound management strategy of groundwater quality protection and farmland fertilizer use. This study establishes a reliable model for aquifer vulnerability assessment with an excellent performance for predicting groundwater nitrate-N contamination in the Choushui River alluvial fan, Taiwan based on the DRASTIC method. To promote the prediction performance of aquifer vulnerability assessment, discriminant analysis (DA) was applied to determine the weights of factors in the DRASTIC model by comparing the model results with the observed nitrate-N data. Key factors influencing the presence of groundwater nitrate-N pollution were characterized for different concentration thresholds. The results of analysis reveal that the modified DRASTIC model using DA significantly improves prediction performance for aquifer vulnerability assessment, and groundwater protection zones can be determined correctly based on the modified DRASTIC index. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the factors in the modified DRASTIC model indicates that the depth to the groundwater and aquifer media are critical when the nitrate-N concentration is less than 3 mg/L, while the impact of the vadose zone plays a vital role in controlling nitrate-N pollution of over 5 mg/L. 相似文献
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Eve L. Kuniansky 《Ground water》2017,55(2):255-260
For regional groundwater flow models (areas greater than 100,000 km2), improper choice of map projection parameters can result in model error for boundary conditions dependent on area (recharge or evapotranspiration simulated by application of a rate using cell area from model discretization) and length (rivers simulated with head‐dependent flux boundary). Smaller model areas can use local map coordinates, such as State Plane (United States) or Universal Transverse Mercator (correct zone) without introducing large errors. Map projections vary in order to preserve one or more of the following properties: area, shape, distance (length), or direction. Numerous map projections are developed for different purposes as all four properties cannot be preserved simultaneously. Preservation of area and length are most critical for groundwater models. The Albers equal‐area conic projection with custom standard parallels, selected by dividing the length north to south by 6 and selecting standard parallels 1/6th above or below the southern and northern extent, preserves both area and length for continental areas in mid latitudes oriented east‐west. Custom map projection parameters can also minimize area and length error in non‐ideal projections. Additionally, one must also use consistent vertical and horizontal datums for all geographic data. The generalized polygon for the Floridan aquifer system study area (306,247.59 km2) is used to provide quantitative examples of the effect of map projections on length and area with different projections and parameter choices. Use of improper map projection is one model construction problem easily avoided. 相似文献
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Abstract Geospatial techniques have become one of the leading tools in the field of natural sciences for assessment, monitoring and management of natural resources, particularly in groundwater research. The paper discusses the demarcation and assessment of groundwater potential zones using geospatial techniques in the Deccan Volcanic Province of Maharashtra, India, using multi-criteria analyses. The study incorporates integration of thematic information (geomorphology, lithology, drainage density, slope and lineaments) in a GIS environment in order to identify groundwater potential zones. The methodology adopted can be used as a rapid assessment tool in groundwater exploration and is helpful in predictive groundwater resource management. Multi-criteria evaluation techniques were used to integrate all the thematic layers. Individual themes and their corresponding categories were assigned a knowledge base ranking from 1 to 5, depending on their importance for groundwater potential. Using the Raster calculator tool in Arc GIS software, all thematic maps were integrated to produce a composite groundwater potential map of the study area. The identified groundwater potential zones were classified into four classes, from excellent to poor. The generated groundwater potential zones were validated with field checks and borewell/dugwell yield data, and showed consistency with the observations. Citation Singh, P., Thakur, J. K., and Kumar, S. (2013) Delineating groundwater potential zones in a hard-rock terrain using geospatial tools. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (1), 1–11. 相似文献
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Salwa Saidi 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):288-304
Abstract The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution has proved to be an effective tool for water resource management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions like Mahdia and Ksour Essaf. The main objective of this study is to assess the aquifer vulnerability by applying the DRASTIC method as well as using sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect of each DRASTIC parameter on the final vulnerability map. An additional objective is to demonstrate the role of the GIS techniques in the vulnerability assessment. The DRASTIC method assigns a high vulnerability to the coast of the Mahdia-Ksour Essaf. The lowest values are observed in the southern part of the study area. A sensitivity analysis applied in this study suggests that net recharge, aquifer media and depth of groundwater are the key factors determining vulnerability. The model is validated with groundwater quality data and the results have shown strong relationships between modified DRASTIC Vulnerability Index and nitrate and chloride concentrations. Citation Saidi, S., Bouri, S. & Ben Dhia, H. (2011) Sensitivity analysis in groundwater vulnerability assessment based on GIS in the Mahdia-Ksour Essaf aquifer, Tunisia: a validation study. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(2), 288–304. 相似文献
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Methodology for construction, calibration and validation of a national hydrological model for Denmark 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Hans Jrgen Henriksen Lars Troldborg Per Nyegaard Torben Obel Sonnenborg Jens Christian Refsgaard Bjarne Madsen 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,280(1-4):52-71
An integrated groundwater/surface water hydrological model with a 1 km2 grid has been constructed for Denmark covering 43,000 km2. The model is composed of a relatively simple root zone component for estimating the net precipitation, a comprehensive three-dimensional groundwater component for estimating recharge to and hydraulic heads in different geological layers, and a river component for streamflow routing and calculating stream–aquifer interaction. The model was constructed on the basis of the MIKE SHE code and by utilising comprehensive national databases on geology, soil, topography, river systems, climate and hydrology. The present paper describes the modelling process for the 7330 km2 island of Sjælland with emphasis on the problems experienced in combining the classical paradigms of groundwater modelling, such as inverse modelling of steady-state conditions, and catchment modelling, focussing on dynamic conditions and discharge simulation. Three model versions with different assumptions on input data and parameter values were required until the performance of the final, according to pre-defined accuracy criteria, model was evaluated as being satisfactory. The paper highlights the methodological issues related to establishment of performance criteria, parameterisation and assessment of parameter values from field data, calibration and validation test schemes. Most of the parameter values were assessed directly from field data, while about 10 ‘free’ parameters were subject to calibration using a combination of inverse steady-state groundwater modelling and manual trial-and-error dynamic groundwater/surface water modelling. Emphasising the importance of tests against independent data, the validation schemes included combinations of split-sample tests (another period) and proxy-basin tests (another area). 相似文献
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Modification of the SWAT model to simulate regional groundwater flow using a multicell aquifer 
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下载免费PDF全文 The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) has been widely used and thoroughly tested in many places in the world. The application of the SWAT model has pointed out that 2 of the major weaknesses of SWAT are related to the nonspatial reference of the hydrologic response unit concept and to the simplified groundwater concept, which contribute to its low performance in baseflow simulation and its inability to simulate regional groundwater flow. This study modified the groundwater module of SWAT to overcome the above limitations. The modified groundwater module has 2 aquifers. The local aquifer, which is the shallow aquifer in the original SWAT, represents a local groundwater flow system. The regional aquifer, which replaces the deep aquifer of the original SWAT, represents intermediate and regional groundwater flow systems. Groundwater recharge is partitioned into local and regional aquifer recharges. The regional aquifer is represented by a multicell aquifer (MCA) model. The regional aquifer is discretized into cells using the Thiessen polygon method, where centres of the cells are locations of groundwater observation wells. Groundwater flow between cells is modelled using Darcy's law. Return flow from cell to stream is conceptualized using a non‐linear storage–discharge relationship. The SWAT model with the modified aquifer module, the so‐called SWAT‐MCA, was tested in 2 basins (Wipperau and Neetze) with porous aquifers in a lowland area in Lower Saxony, Germany. Results from the Wipperau basin show that the SWAT‐MCA model is able (a) to simulate baseflow in a lowland area (where baseflow is a dominant source of streamflow) better than the original model and (b) to simulate regional groundwater flow, shown by the simulated groundwater levels in cells, quite well. 相似文献
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Coastal areas are usually the preferred place of habitation for human beings. Anthropogenic activities such as the construction of high‐rise buildings and underground transport systems usually require extensive deep foundations and ground engineering works, which may unintentionally modify the coastal groundwater system because the construction materials of foundations are usually of low hydraulic conductivity. In this paper, the impact of these building foundations on the groundwater regime is studied using hypothetical flow and transport models. Various possible realizations of foundation distributions are generated using stochastic parameters derived from a topographical map of an actual coastal area in Hong Kong. The effective hydraulic conductivity is first calculated for different realizations and the results show that the effective hydraulic conductivity can be reduced significantly. Then a hypothetical numerical model based on FEFLOW is set up to study the change of hydraulic head, groundwater discharge, and saltwater‐fresh water interface. The groundwater level and flow are modified to various degrees, depending on the foundations percentage and the distribution pattern of the buildings. When the foundations percentage is high and the building foundations are aggregated, the hydraulic head is raised significantly and the originally one‐dimensional groundwater flow field becomes complicated. Seaward groundwater discharge will be reduced and some groundwater may become seepage through the ground surface. The transport model shows that, after foundations are added, overall the seawater and fresh groundwater interface moves landward, so extensive foundations may induce seawater intrusion. It is believed that the modification of the coastal groundwater system by building foundations may have engineering and environmental implications, such as submarine groundwater discharge, foundation corrosion, and slope stability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Mapping of regional potential groundwater springs using Logistic Regression statistical method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Increasing demand for fresh water extraction in the semi-arid regions necessitates the exploration of groundwater spring potential areas notwithstanding the importance of both conservation and management aspects for planning development. Potential map of groundwater springs reduces the costs of horizontal well drilling that provides useful tool for engineers to locate probable region for groundwater existence. The objective of this study is to establish a model of the potential map of groundwater spring occurrences. A statistical and probabilistic Logistic Regression (LR) model was developed in association with the specified spring location and effective occurrence factors. The most statistically significant effective factors on spring occurrences were selected to zone groundwater spring potential areas. The proposed model was evaluated statistically. Results showed a satisfactory prediction for the proposed model. The outcome of this study facilitates the low-cost utilization of groundwater resources when policy makers need strategic development planning. 相似文献