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青藏高原东北缘是青藏高原隆升、生长及变形前缘.区域地震活动频繁,且地震在其主要断层带之间时空迁移.为了研究区域大地震在主要断层带之间的迁移规律与概率,以及主要断层带大地震破裂的时空分布特征,本文建立了青藏高原东北缘地区的三维黏弹塑性有限元模型,模拟了区域断层系统的地震循环,得到了人工合成的万年时间尺度的地震目录.根据模拟的地震目录,并结合古地震数据,计算分析了大地震(MW≥7)在研究区各个主要断层带之间的迁移概率,探讨了黏度、高程、统计时间长度等因素对大地震在各主要断层带之间的迁移概率和大地震在各主要断层带上的发生概率的影响,并且初步调查了海原断层带和香山天景山断层带的大地震破裂时空分布特征.研究结果显示:继区域最近两次大地震(1920年海原断层带上的M8.5海原大地震和1927年香山天景山断层带上的M8古浪大地震)之后,下一次大地震(MW≥7)发生在海原断层上的概率最大,约为51%～81%;其次是在香山天景山断层上,概率约为9%～37%.模型结果显示,不同的青藏高原中下地壳上地幔黏度大小,对大地震在各个断层带之间的迁移规律和迁移概率的影响较小;而研究区的高程载荷对地震迁移则有显著的影响:高程载荷易于使得海原断层地震活动减弱及香山天景山断层的地震活动增强.研究结果也显示了青藏高原东北缘地区主要断层带的地震活动与断层滑动速率分布的分段性显著;大地震在断层带上的破裂位置并不固定,呈现不均匀性;并暗示了断层几何形状对地震活动、断层滑动速率分布与大地震破裂位置的控制作用. 相似文献
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在考虑地震失稳的滑动－弱化特征后，研究了估计大地震重复间隔的问题，建议了一种计算大地震重复间隔的方法，给出了计算复发间隔的公式。同时，应用这个方法计算了海原断裂带、华山山前断裂带、贺兰山东麓断裂带和小江西支断裂带的８级大震复发间隔，它们分别为３４６６年、２０４３年、２６８８年和９７５年。这些数值与古地震研究给出的实际古地震复发间隔甚为一致，说明建议的计算方法可以应用于活动断裂地震复发时间和地震危险性的估计。 相似文献
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活动地块作为地质构造单元,其周缘的地震常常较为活跃,并且有时表现出大地震丛集发生的现象.鄂尔多斯地块处于受来自青藏高原NE向的主压应力等多重构造应力作用下的区域构造环境中,地块周缘大地震间相互作用的机制值得研究.本文以鄂尔多斯地块周缘的几次历史地震为例,分别研究了级联断层、地块同侧断层、地块不同侧断层间大地震间应力转移的现象,尝试对地块在其周缘发生大地震时的应力传递和转移行为获得新的认识.得到的结论有：1920年宁夏海原8 1/2级和1927年甘肃古浪8.0级地震分别使六盘山东麓断裂和香山-天景山断裂的大地震期望复发时间提前了800年和20年,六盘山东麓断裂当前的大地震危险性较高.1626年山西灵丘7级地震和1654年甘肃天水南8级地震分别使五台山北麓断裂的大地震复发期望时间提前了50年和279年,鄂尔多斯地块可能将其西南缘受到的部分库仑应力扰动传递到了东缘的五台山北麓断裂. 相似文献
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西秦岭北缘断裂带特征地震平均复发间隔的确定和地震危险性评价 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
时间相依的地震危险性概率评估方法是最近10a来逐渐发展起来的，是一种将已获得的定量地质资料运用于活动断裂中—长期地震潜势概率评估的方法，从而使得在缺乏历史记载或仪器记录资料，但已获得断层平均滑动速率、同震位错、古地震年代序列等资料的活动断裂段上评估未来的发震概率成为可能。在定量计算活动断裂未来地震危险性的过程中，作为输入参数之一的特征地震平均复发间隔是一个至关重要的参数，它的确定将直接影响到概率计算的结果。对研究断裂上已获得的历史地震资料(H)、地质资料(G)和古地震资料(P)，笔采用了时间可预报(T)和准周期(Q)两种模式分别计算其平均复发间隔，比单一的只假定一种复发模式计算更具有完善性和可靠性。在叙述该方法的同时，以西秦岭北缘断裂为例，详细阐述了该断裂上特征地震平均复发间隔的确定，并在此基础上对西秦岭北缘断裂未来地震潜势作了定量评估。 相似文献
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海原断裂带分段地震潜势分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用近年来在海原断裂带各断裂段取得的最新古地震资料,通过实时概率模型,对海原断裂带东段、中段、西段进行了地震潜势的定量评估。得出海原断裂带东段、中段、西段未来100年内发生7级以上地震的概率分别为3．15％、11．35％、5．15％,未来200年内发生7级以上地震的概率分别为6．05％、22．8％、9．75％。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2020,(4)
利用1991—2015年GPS数据,研究南北地震带北段现今地壳水平速度场特征,根据区域地壳主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率的空间变化以及小震分布特征,对研究区主要断层的活动性及地震危险性进行综合分析。结果表明:①区域主应变率和最大剪应变高值区分布在海原断裂弧形构造带附近,香山—天景山断裂和六盘山断裂中南段应变率较低,结合历史地震及离逝时间,认为其可能处于孕震晚期;②海原断裂现今左旋走滑速率为(4±0.5)mm/a,香山—天景山断裂、烟筒山断裂和牛首山断裂活动性较弱,总体显示为逆冲兼走滑的性质;③震源深度剖面显示老虎山断裂、海原断裂南东段小震分布较密集而均匀,海原断裂北西段小震较少,香山—天景山东南段存在一个小震稀疏段,断层可能已经闭锁,未来应重点关注。 相似文献
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本文介绍了一套基于人工智能的实时地震处理系统,该系统采用深度学习方法检测地震,具备地震检测、到时拾取、震相关联、地震定位和震级测定功能,可实时和离线处理连续地震波形数据和密集地震序列,产出的地震目录定位精度高、完备性和一致性好.以云南漾濞Ms 6.4地震序列为例,可在震后2～4 min内产出地震目录,检测出的地震数量比人工多2～3倍,定位精度与人工处理结果相当,震级测量误差小,震级处理下限可达ML 0.0级左右.该系统不仅可应用于省级区域地震台网,也可用于密集地震台阵,水库、矿山和火山等专用台网的实时处理,基于该系统产出的结果,可进一步计算b值变化,分析地震时空演化特征,开展序列实时精定位,为地震应急、地震预测预报和相关科学研究提供重要数据.该系统对于优化我国地震数据自动处理流程,提升地震编目工作的自动化水平具有重要意义. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献