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1.
香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究─Ⅲ.净化污水的机理 总被引：40，自引：3，他引：37
通过香蒲Ｔｙｐｈａ ａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ和灯心草Ｊｕｎｃｕｓ ｅｆｆｕｓｕｓ人工湿地微生物分布状况的调查,水生植物生长状况的观察,研究了介质、水生植物和微生物三者净化污水的作者,探讨了人工湿地对污水中污染物质的去除机制。研究表明,人工湿地对污水的氮、磷的化学耗氧量的去除作用是介质、水生植物和微生物综合作用的结果,粘性土壤和花岗石介质更利用于污水中磷的去除。 相似文献
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人工湿地植物根区微生物与净化效果的季节变化 总被引：43，自引：1，他引：42
人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点.近年来越来越受到人们的重视.人工湿地生态系统受环境影响较大,研究人工湿地在不同季节的净化功能对于充分发挥其作用具有重要意义.对不同季节的芦苇(Phragmite saus-tralis)、茭白(Zizania caduciflora)和香蒲(Typha latifolia)等湿地系统植物根区、无植物对照基质微生物分布状况以及净化效果进行了研究,结果显示:(1)种植不同植物的湿地系统根区微生物数量不同,其湿地净化效果也不同;(2)季节变化显示湿地系统秋季的细菌总数量比夏季高;但对照系统夏季的真菌和放线菌数量明显高于秋季;(3)湿地系统总磷(TP)的去除率夏季高于秋季;(4)相关性分析发现湿地植物根区的细菌总数与BOD5的去除率之间存在显著相关性;而根区微生物数量与TP、CODCr和凯氏氮(KN)的去除率之间不存在显著相关性,具体机理还需进一步研究. 相似文献
3.
香蒲？灯心草人工湿地的研究：净化污水的空间 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25
从人工湿地水生植物根系实际生长深度、微生物用酶的空间分布以及不同深度人工湿地对污水的净化效果比较出发,研究了人工湿地污水处理系统的净化空间,以种植香蒲Ｔｙｐｈａａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ和灯心草Ｊｕｎｃｕｓ ｅｆｆｕｓｕｓ的人工湿地为例,水生植物根系主要分布在湿地基质上层２５ｃｍ区域,微生物的数量随深度增加而递减,且３５ｃｍ层的数量远远的低于上层;５－１０ｃｍ层的磷酸,纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性亦大于２０ 相似文献
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梅梁湖和五里湖水-沉积物界面的物质交换 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24
从人工湿地水生植物根系实际生长深度、微生物及酶的空间分布以及不同深度人工湿地对污水的净化效果比较出发,研究了人工湿地污水处理系统的净化空间,以种植香蒲Typhaangustifolia和灯心草Juncuseffusus的人工湿地为例,水生植物根系主要分布在湿地基质上层25cm区域;微生物的数量随深度增加而递减,且35cm层的数量远远的低于上层;5－10cm层的磷酸酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性亦大于20cm层;60cm深的人工湿地与20cm深的人工湿地对污水中污染物的净化效果基本一致。可以推断,人工湿地在净化污水的过程中,其上层存在一个较佳的净化空间。 相似文献
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人工湿地植物研究 总被引：203，自引：10，他引：193
本文阐述了植物在人工湿地污水净化过程中作用及存在的若干问题,提出了研究人工湿地植物的一些设想,植物在人工湿地中起着非常重要的作用,不但直接摄取利用污水中的营养物质、吸收富集污水中的重金属等有毒有害物质;而且输送氧气到根区,提供根区微生物生长、繁殖和降解对氧的需求;还能维持和加强人工湿地系统内的水力学传输,但目前人工湿地植物的应用还存在着枯死衰退、杂草丛生和根系扩展较浅等问题,影响人工湿地的净化功能,通过对人工湿地植物生理生态特性如气体代谢、光合作用、逆境生理和相生相克等研究,筛选出优良植物种类,创造适宜人工生,将有利于发育发挥湿地植物功能,提高人工湿地污水处理能力。 相似文献
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人工湿地研究现状与展望 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
自1950s开始系统性研究以来,人工湿地研究日趋深入,也得到了广泛的应用.本文基于文献报道,对人工湿地研究的历程特别是我国的研究进行了分析,分为起步探索、迅猛发展和规范应用三个阶段.梳理了人工湿地的研究现状,主要集中在如何提高脱氮除磷效率、对新兴污染物的去除、人工湿地根区微生物结构与功能以及人工湿地模型四个方面.核心还是提高人工湿地对污染物的去除效率并解释其机理.未来需要长期监测数据支撑的理论实践结合的设计规程;进一步揭示人工湿地的生物过程;建立合理简化的模型,对系统进行准确预测. 相似文献
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不同水生植物对湿地无机氮素去除效果的模拟 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
分别以芦苇、花叶水葱和苦草构建成小规模人工湿地模拟系统,开展不同类型水生植物湿地中无机氮（硝态氮和铵态氮）去除效果的试验。试验结果表明：在分别以芦苇、花叶水葱和苦草构成的模拟湿地单元中,虽然氧化还原等环境条件呈现较大差异,但不同类型水生植物湿地单元的铵态氮和硝态氮的去除率并没有显著差别,这与以往关于不同类型水生植物对氮素去除贡献的认识有所不同;水生植物对模拟湿地体系中氮素的去除具有重要作用,在相对较低的氮负荷（NH4^＋-N约为2.85mg／L,NO3^-N约为1.07mg／L,相当于一般城市污染河流）条件下,有水生植物湿地单元中铵态氮和硝态氮的10d去除率分别在39.32％和21.91％以上,而无水生植物的空白湿地单元对铵态氮和硝态氮的10d去除率分别只有34.68％和13.86％;在提高模拟湿地体系水体氮（NH4^＋-N约为5.50mg／L,NO3^-N约为3.37mg／L,是一般城市污染程度的2倍）负荷条件下,有水生植物湿地单元中铵态氮和硝态氮的10d去除率分别大于或等于66.87％和78.92％以上,而无水生植物的空白湿地单元对铵态氮和硝态氮的10d去除率仅为40.62％和31.77％,为人工湿地对原污水或初沉池出水的处理提供了有力依据。试验结果还表明,水生植物能有效促进湿地的氮素转化过程,显著缩短无机氮素在湿地中的寄宿时间。 相似文献
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潜流湿地中微生物对三峡库区微污染水净化效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨潜流湿地对三峡库区微污染河水的净化效果,在野外构建芦竹、菖蒲、空心菜和无植物(空白)水平潜流人工湿地,研究人工湿地系统中微生物基本菌群和功能菌群数量分布,探讨污染物去除与微生物菌群种类和数量的相关性.结果表明:实验湿地系统运行情况良好,植物湿地系统对各污染物指标的去除效果优于空白湿地系统;芦竹、菖蒲、空心菜和空白湿地系统的微生物数量均随温度的降低而减少,其中,植物湿地系统的微生物数量高于空白系统;各湿地系统的微生物数量与水质指标去除率之间的相关性较强,在夏季,不同人工湿地系统的细菌总数与CODMn的去除率之间存在着显著的正相关,真菌、亚硝酸细菌总数与铵氮去除率之间均存在着显著的正相关,在冬季,不同人工湿地系统的反硝化细菌总数与总氮去除率之间存在着显著的正相关. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖湿地土壤微生物活性对年际水文变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地自然水文节律的改变影响着湿地生态系统的稳定与安全.为探究湿地水文变化对土壤微生物活性的影响,以鄱阳湖洲滩湿地3种典型植被狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、南荻（Triarrhena lutarioriparia）和苔草（Carex cinerascens）下表层土壤（0~20 cm）为研究对象,对湿地土壤微生物呼吸、微生物生物量和水解酶等土壤活性特征进行连续3年的实验监测,分析年际水位变化对不同植被湿地土壤微生物活性的影响.结果表明：丰水年显著提高土壤中养分的可利用性（有机质、总磷、速效磷）,提高土壤微生物生物量、微生物熵、水解酶活性,表明丰水年有利于湿地生态系统的物质循环转化.水文条件也能通过影响湿地植被生长改变土壤养分状况,进而对植被下土壤微生物活性产生显著影响.诸多土壤理化因子中,可溶性有机碳是驱动微生物活性变化最关键的因子.进一步分析表明,由植被类型所代表的长期水文累积效应对湿地土壤理化及微生物活性的调节作用大于单纯的年际水文变化. 相似文献
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铁作为地壳中丰度最高的氧化还原敏感元素,对湖泊沉积物的氧化还原作用具有重要的指示意义.水生植物根系泌氧在根际形成微域的氧化圈,根际是氧化、还原同时发生的生物活跃区.以轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)为研究对象,利用微电极和荧光定量PCR探讨根系泌氧作用对沉积物中典型铁氧化菌(嘉利翁氏菌)和典型铁还原菌(地杆菌)的影响.结果表明,轮叶黑藻生长迅速,通过根系泌氧作用影响沉积物中铁的价态和形态,是根际铁循环的重要参数,并对根际微区微生物有一定的影响.根系泌氧使根际嘉利翁氏菌和地杆菌数量增加,进一步影响根际微生物铁循环.实验结果可为微生物对根际铁循环的研究提供一定的理论基础. 相似文献
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香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究─Ⅱ.净化污水的空间 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
应用测定流水中溶氧量的方法,测定了长薄鳅的耗氧率,耗氧量及窒息点．试验表明：长薄鳅的耗氧率（Ｙ’）随鱼体重（Ｗ,ｇ）的增加而增大,其关系式分别为：Ｙ’＝１８６．５７６Ｗ（－０．２０４３）,Ｙ＝０．１８６Ｗ（０．７９６２）．温度对长薄鳅的耗氧率有影响,在１３－３０Ｃ范围内,耗氧率随水温升高而逐渐增大．耗氧率的温度敏感区域是１３－２３Ｃ和２８－３０Ｃ,而在２３－２８Ｃ范围内变化幅度较小,标准代谢量变化 相似文献
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Concentrations of Artificial Sweeteners and Their Ratios with Nutrients in Septic System Wastewater 
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下载免费PDF全文 David M. Snider James W. Roy William D. Robertson Dorothy I. Garda John Spoelstra 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2017,37(3):94-102
This study reports the first comprehensive data set of characteristic concentrations of four artificial sweeteners: acesulfame (ACE), sucralose (SUC), saccharin (SAC), and cyclamate (CYC), and their ratios with nutrients, for untreated septic system wastewater. Samples were collected from the tanks of 19 different septic systems from across Ontario, Canada; these had a variety of usages, from single‐family cottages to multiple‐dwelling (campground or resort) facilities and had no additional treatment systems. The artificial sweetener concentrations and their relative proportions were highly variable in some cases, both temporally for several individual tanks and from site‐to‐site. Variability tended to be lower for multiple‐dwelling compared to single‐dwelling systems. This variability likely reflects differing use of artificial sweetener‐containing products. The median concentrations for the complete data set of all four artificial sweeteners (in a range of 10 to 60 μg/L) were of a similar order of magnitude, but slightly higher, than has generally been reported for wastewater treatment plant influent (though these vary substantially globally). Both SUC and ACE provided adequate positive linear relationships for dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the septic tanks, while a summation of ACE and SUC concentrations also gave a strong correlation. In contrast, CYC and SAC showed poor linear correlation with these nutrients. These reported ranges for artificial sweetener concentrations and ratios with nutrients may be used in future studies to estimate the contributions of nutrients or other wastewater constituents (e.g., pharmaceuticals, bacteria, and viruses) from domestic septic systems to groundwater, including water supply or irrigation wells, and nearby surface water bodies. 相似文献
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Performance Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands Treating Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent in Taihu Lake,China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Constructed wetlands are often used for advanced treatment of the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Through assessing wetlands based on economic, technical, environmental, and social impacts, an optimal process is selected. In this study, a set of assessment methods for wetland treatment technology is established: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the evaluation index system; the entropy weight method is employed to calculate the index weights; and the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) is utilized for ranking of the selected treatment technologies. Then four processes applied in Taihu Lake basin, China are evaluated. The results show the following ranking: Vertical‐flow wetland–ecological pond–surface‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, vertical‐flow wetland–horizontal‐flow wetland, ecological pond–horizontal‐flow wetland–surface‐flow wetland, and ecological ditch–ecological pond. The wetland exhibits certain universality and space portability with regard to treatment of municipal WWTP effluent. From the view of comprehensive benefits, the ranking of the treatment technology based on the vertical‐flow wetland is high (Φ values between 0.0224 and 0.0349), whereas that based on the ecological pond is low (Φ values between ?0.2086 and ?0.2652), owing to the mechanism of the process itself and the role of microorganisms in the system. Moreover, for organic matter removal, a vertical‐flow wetland process is recommended (48%), whereas for the removal of N contamination, an integrated‐flow wetland process is suggested (31.2% for NH3‐N, 32.4% for TN removals). 相似文献
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Hydrological dynamics of prairie pothole wetlands: Dominant processes and landscape controls under contrasted conditions 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Numerous studies have examined the impact of prairie pothole wetlands on overall watershed dynamics. However, very few have looked at individual wetland dynamics across a continuum of alteration status using subdaily hydrometric data. Here, the importance of surface and subsurface water storage dynamics in the prairie pothole region was documented by (1) characterizing surface fill–spill dynamics in intact and consolidated wetlands; (2) quantifying water‐table fluctuations and the occurrence of overland flow downslope of fully drained wetlands; (3) assessing the relation (or lack thereof) between intact, consolidated or drained wetland hydrological behaviour, and stream dynamics; and (4) relating wetland hydrological behaviour to landscape characteristics. Focus was on southwestern Manitoba, Canada, where ten intact, three consolidated, seven fully drained wetlands, and a nearby creek were monitored over two years with differing antecedent storage conditions. Hourly hydrological time series were used to compute behavioural metrics reflective of year‐specific and season‐specific wetland dynamics. Behavioural metrics were then correlated to wetland physical characteristics to identify landscape controls on wetland hydrology. Predictably, more frequent spillage or overland flow was observed when antecedent storage was high. Consolidated wetlands had a high degree of water permanence and a greater frequency of fill–spill events than intact wetlands. Shallow and highly responsive water tables were present downslope of fully drained wetlands. Potential wetland–stream connectivity was also inferred via time‐series analysis, while some landscape characteristics (e.g., wetland surface, catchment area, and storage volume) strongly correlated with wetland behavioural metrics. The nonstationarity of dominant processes was, however, evident through the lack of consistent correlations across seasons. This, therefore, highlights the importance of combining multiyear high‐frequency hydrometric data and detailed landscape analyses in wetland hydrology studies. 相似文献