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1.
拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)是一种入侵蓝藻,能够产生拟柱孢藻毒素(cylindrospermopsin,CYN),严重危害人类健康.现有研究表明该藻已在我国广泛分布,更是华南地区常见的水华蓝藻,但目前对其产毒和起源还缺乏了解.本研究以中国广东省千灯湖分离出的10株拟柱孢藻为材料,对它们的生长、形态和产毒特性进行了观测,并构建了基于nif H和rpo C1基因的双基因系统进化树.结果表明,10株拟柱孢藻藻丝体形态均呈笔直型,除QDH1藻株外,其他的拟柱孢藻均可产生端生异形胞,厚壁孢子也常有出现;10藻株丝体的平均长度在41.0~77.7μm之间,宽度在2.433~3.125μm之间,它们的长宽比值差异显著.10藻株的比生长速率差异极显著,为0.075~0.174 d-1.检测发现10株藻中仅QDH7藻株可检测到6个CYN合成酶基因,液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)分析表明该藻株主要产生deoxy-CYN异构体,其浓度可达1745.19 ng/mL.系统进化分析表明千灯湖的拟柱孢藻与澳大利亚、欧洲和国内其他地区的藻株同源性较高,但基于rpo C1和nif H基因不能区分千灯湖的产毒藻株和非产毒藻株.本研究证实了广东省水体中存在产毒拟柱孢藻,需防范这类新型产毒蓝藻水华所带来的生态风险. 相似文献
2.
拟柱孢藻（Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii）和角星鼓藻（Staurastrum spp.）是热带亚热带浮游植物群落中的常见优势种类,为了解铁对2种浮游植物季节动态和生长的影响,本文通过对典型热带水库的野外调查,分析铁与2种藻生物量和相对生物量的季节动态的关系,并通过室内实验分别以无机磷（KH2PO4）和有机磷（C6H13O9P）为磷源,比较3种铁浓度（0.029、0.29和0.689 mg/L）下拟柱孢藻（C.raciborskii,N8）和角星鼓藻（Staurastrum sp.,FACHB-1449）的比生长速率、铁载体产量和碱性磷酸酶活性的差异.结果显示,拟柱孢藻和角星鼓藻是浮游植物群落的主要优势种类,两者的生物量最大占到总生物量的82%以上;两者对环境变量响应的区别主要体现在对溶解性铁浓度变化的响应差异上,拟柱孢藻生物量与溶解性铁有显著的线性回归关系,但角星鼓藻的生物量与铁没有显著线性回归关系.室内实验中,拟柱孢藻N8的比生长速率在无机磷源铁浓度为0.689 mg/L条件下最大,为0.098±0.01 d-1,2种磷源条件下比生长速率均随铁浓度降低而显著降低,6个实验组均检到铁载体：6个实验组角星鼓藻FACHB-1449的比生长速率没有明显差异,平均为0.079±0.001 d-1,均未检出铁载体,磷源和铁浓度对其比生长速率的影响不显著;有机磷源条件下,拟柱孢藻N8实验组碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于角星鼓藻FACHB-1449实验组,拟柱孢藻N8实验组酶活性随铁浓度降低而显著降低,但角星鼓藻FACHB-1449各实验组的碱性磷酸酶活性无明显差异.以上结果表明,水体中溶解性铁的供应对拟柱孢藻的种群动态和优势有重要作用,与角星鼓藻相比,拟柱孢藻的生长更易受到铁的限制,尤其在无机磷缺乏、磷源主要以有机磷形式供应时,铁对拟柱孢藻生长的限制作用增强. 相似文献
3.
神农架大九湖湿地浮游植物群落结构特征及营养状态评价 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
大九湖湿地是南水北调中线工程的重要水源涵养地之一.为了解实施生态修复工程后浮游植物群落结构特征及水质营养状态,于2014年11月-2015年9月进行了3次采样调查,综合营养状态指数表明水质处于中营养和轻度富营养化之间,水质富营化水平沿水流方向呈降低趋势;共采集浮游植物8门129种,11月优势种为绿藻门的四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)和硅藻门的颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、短缝藻(Eunotia sp.);5月优势种为蓝藻门的纤细席藻(Phormidium tenue)、绿藻门的四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)和球衣藻(Chlamydomonas globosa Snow)、硅藻门的短线脆杆藻(Fragilaria brevistriata);9月优势种为蓝藻门的拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)、小形色球藻(Chroococcus minor)和泽丝藻(Limnothrix redekei),优势种主要为中污带指示种.冗余分析表明总磷和总氮浓度对浮游植物丰度变化有显著影响,温度和总磷浓度对浮游植物生物量有显著影响,蓝藻门和绿藻门的丰度和生物量均与总磷浓度呈正相关. 相似文献
4.
换水率和营养水平对太湖流域横山水库硅藻水华的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨水文过程对水库硅藻异常增殖的影响,对江苏宜兴横山水库的硅藻生消过程中浮游植物、水质、降水、水位、气温等指标进行观测研究.结果表明,横山水库硅藻年际生物量波动很大,9月出现明显的异常增殖,总生物量达到14.27 mg/L,硅藻的优势属为针杆藻(Synedra)、小环藻(Cyclotella)、曲壳藻(Achnanthes)和直链藻(Melosira),以针杆藻的优势度最高;浮游植物生物量与营养盐浓度关系不明显,与总氮浓度甚至呈负相关,但小环藻生物量与水体溶解性磷浓度呈正相关;水库的换水率与浮游植物生物量、硅藻的异常增殖过程和营养盐浓度水平均密切关联,总氮、溶解性磷浓度与水库换水率呈正相关,而硅藻生物量与水库换水率呈指数负相关.数值拟合分析显示硅藻生物量可以用换水率和磷浓度推算而得.研究表明,对于中营养水平的水库,硅藻生物量变化可能受水文过程与水质条件共同控制,在水库的硅藻水华防控中,既要加强营养盐水平的严格控制,也需考虑水文过程的调控手段. 相似文献
5.
2019年6月,在山东省峡山水库多个位点采集到角藻属(Ceratium)样品,并发现其在局部位点形成明显的浅褐色水华.系统发育分析结果显示该种与角藻属常见种飞燕角藻(C. hirundinella)亲缘关系最近,但形态学上有明显区别,前者具有1块间插板和3个顶板,而飞燕角藻具有4块顶板.通过对比,发现该种为我国淡水甲藻门未经描述的新记录物种——拟二叉角藻(C. furcoides).峡山水库中,水华发生位点的水体叶绿素a浓度高达125.77μg/L,拟二叉角藻的密度达1.23×106cells/L,占总藻细胞密度的1.21%.细胞数量上,占优势的主要是尖头藻(Merismopedia spp.)和浮丝藻(Planktothrix spp.)等一些丝状蓝藻;但因个体细胞体积非常大,鲜重高达86.31 mg/L,占总藻鲜重的49.34%,因此在生物量上拟二叉角藻是绝对优势种.此外,通过核查采自我国东北、华中、西南地区不同时期、温度较高季节的多个标本,基于其自身特性和分布特点,本研究认为拟二叉角藻偏好高温和富营养水体,有在我国不同地区水体扩张并形成水华的潜在能力. 相似文献
6.
丹江口水库浮游植物时空变化特征 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
为研究丹江口浮游植物的群落特征,探讨影响浮游植物时空分布的环境因子,于2014年5月2015年4月对丹江口水库进行了为期1年的调查.此次调查共采集到浮游植物66种,隶属于7门21科38属.浮游植物全年平均生物量为0.35 mg/L,平均密度为9.08×10~5cells/L.优势种为脆杆藻、小环藻、直链藻和栅藻,其中脆杆藻所占比例最大,平均生物量为0.089 mg/L,占总生物量的25.43%.近些年丹江口水库营养水平的提高可能是脆杆藻生物量升高的主要原因.绿藻和蓝藻在夏季大量繁殖,硅藻为春、秋和冬季优势门类.汉江库区浮游植物生物量大于丹江库区,两个库区的浮游植物种类组成存在明显的差异,丹江库区优势门类为硅藻门,而汉江库区为绿藻门.浮游植物生物量与环境因子的相关分析表明,浮游植物生物量的主要影响因子是总磷浓度、pH值和溶解氧浓度.RDA分析表明,影响浮游植物组成的主要环境因子是溶解氧浓度、pH值、总磷浓度和水温.为控制浮游植物的生物量,防止其异常增殖造成水华,应严格控制外源营养盐特别是磷元素的输入.本研究可为丹江口水库的水质改善及富营养化防治提供一定的科学依据. 相似文献
7.
抚仙湖浮游植物群落时空变化特征及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
抚仙湖作为我国第二深水湖泊,是国家战略淡水资源的重要储库之一.随着气候变化及流域开发的增强,抚仙湖生物群落组成近年来发生了明显变化,水体水质和生态系统功能呈现降低的趋势.为了摸清浮游植物的时空分布特征及关键环境因子,本研究于2015年对抚仙湖南、中、北3个位点进行浮游植物群落和环境因子的逐月调查.结果显示,浮游植物群落由绿藻门、甲藻门、金藻门、硅藻门、蓝藻门和隐藻门组成.方差分析和相似性分析表明,环境因子、浮游植物生物量和群落结构存在显著的季节演替模式,而空间差异不明显.浮游植物的优势属种(按生物量) 1月为隐球藻、丝藻、转板藻,2月为克罗脆杆藻、飞燕角甲藻、转板藻,3月为小环藻、转板藻,4—7月为锥囊藻、飞燕角甲藻、转板藻,8月为飞燕角甲藻、转板藻,9月为飞燕角甲藻、锥囊藻、转板藻,10月为飞燕角甲藻,11月为飞燕角甲藻、多甲藻、转板藻,12月为转板藻.Pearson相关分析显示,温度和总磷浓度与浮游植物生物量及群落结构呈显著相关,方差分解分析进一步表明水温和总磷浓度分别单独解释了浮游植物群落结构变化的26.0%和2.6%,共同解释了3.0%.与2002—2003年转板藻全年占优相比,2015年浮游植物群落结构发生了显著变化且生物量明显上升,可能反映了该水体营养水平长期上升的持续影响. 相似文献
8.
为了研究重金属镉对藻类光合系统毒性效应及能量分配特征,以拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)为研究对象,分析了不同镉浓度下拟柱孢藻的生长、单位叶绿素a含量、光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)叶绿素荧光及其能量分配模型.结果表明:不同浓度镉培养拟柱孢藻96 h后,0.2 mg/L Cd~(2+)对拟柱孢藻单位细胞叶绿素a含量及PSⅡ活性无显著影响,而0.5mg/L Cd~(2+)培养时拟柱孢藻的单位细胞叶绿素a含量为对照组的62.97%.当Cd~(2+)浓度高于5 mg/L时,拟柱孢藻的PSⅡ活性受到抑制并导致表征量子产额分配的φEo和ψo分别下降了15.35%和13.52%.此外,当Cd~(2+)浓度高于5 mg/L时,藻体PSⅡ能量分配表现为TRO/CSm和ETO/CSm显著减小,DIO/CSm差异不显著,类囊体能量分配表现为ABS/RC、TRO/RC和DIO/RC显著增大,明显区别于0.2、0.5和1 mg/L Cd~(2+)处理组.这些结果表明PSⅡ反应中心是镉对拟柱孢藻光合作用影响的重要作用位点,且Cd~(2+)高于5 mg/L时显著影响了拟柱孢藻PSⅡ反应中心并且抑制了PSⅡ电子传递链供体侧的电子传递,而拟柱孢藻则可能通过改变PSⅡ的能量分配来保护和缓解镉对其光合结构的损伤. 相似文献
9.
随着我国湖泊治理力度的加大,太湖和巢湖的营养盐水平,特别是氮水平近年来明显下降,如2007年以后太湖总氮和近年来巢湖的氨氮水平都呈现下降趋势,但是2个湖泊水华蓝藻的优势种却向相反的方向演化,太湖的长孢藻(Dolichospermum)比例在增加,而巢湖的长孢藻比例却在降低,为阐明这种变化过程和驱动因素,本研究利用太湖(19932015年)和巢湖(2012 2018年)的历史数据分析了2个湖泊中的水华蓝藻——微囊藻(Microcystis)和长孢藻生物量的历史变化过程,并结合营养盐数据分析了影响2种水华蓝藻变动的驱动因素.结果显示:太湖和巢湖的微囊藻生物量多年来始终保持高位波动,近年来均有升高的趋势,这与2个湖泊磷的高位波动具有明显的相关性,磷是决定微囊藻生物量长尺度变化的主要驱动因素;太湖的长孢藻生物量呈现较大波动变化,2007年以后明显升高,巢湖的长孢藻生物量则明显下降,氮与长孢藻生物量呈现负相关关系,而且这种负相关仅在低磷浓度时具有显著性.微囊藻生物量对磷浓度变化敏感的正反馈响应是其水华形成的重要机制之一,在高温高磷条件下,微囊藻可以快速繁殖,并竞争性排除长孢藻,从而形成优势;而长孢藻可以通过温度生态位和固氮两种方式占据优势,在氮浓度相对较低,且温度低于微囊藻形成水华的温度范围时,长孢藻可以依靠温度生态位的优势形成水华,而在氮限制的条件下,即使在夏季高温时,长孢藻依然可以利用固氮作用形成水华,但是关键的温度阈值和开始固氮的氮浓度阈值仍不清楚.基于2种水华蓝藻对营养盐变化响应的差异,建议在进行蓝藻水华治理、污染削减过程中,应针对不同水华蓝藻的特性进行分时段分类别的营养盐控制策略. 相似文献
10.
随着水体富营养化程度的加剧,淡水蓝藻水华在全球范围内频繁暴发.拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)作为一类有害水华蓝藻,具有一定的产毒能力和较强的入侵性,日渐受到人们的广泛关注.近年来,拟柱孢藻不断由热带、亚热带地区向温带地区扩张,并在众多水体中出现暴发现象,若其毒素进入到饮用水中,无疑将对人类健康造成潜在威胁.本文从拟柱孢藻的分布演变、生态生理特征、毒性、检测和去除等研究前沿方面进行了综述,并对相关研究领域进行展望,为进一步研究拟柱孢藻的生态毒理、有效控制和去除提供科学依据. 相似文献
11.
Phytoplankton community in the tropical lake of Lagoa Santa (Brazil): Conditions favoring a persistent bloom of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study presents data on seasonal changes of the phytoplanktonic community of a small tropical lake, Lagoa Santa, in the Brazilian cerrado. Temporal variation in the community structure was small and we observed a permanent dominance of the cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. This dominance could be associated to the stability of several environmental conditions. Especially water temperature, always within the optimal growth range for C. raciborskii, and the constant mixed water column may have been important factors driving to the long term dominance of this species in the lake. Remarkable seasonal variation in rainfall, as well as the occasional and non-seasonal variation in nutrient concentrations, were important to explain changes in environmental and biological variables, but were not related to the dominance of C. raciborskii. Pearson's correlation and PCA could just in part explain the stable dominance of this cyanobacterium. Meteorological and chemical factors seem to have no clear control on the variability of the phytoplankton dynamics in Lagoa Santa. The weak relationship between C. raciborskii abundance and environmental variables points to additional intrinsic factors associated to this species that may be important in structuring the phytoplankton assemblage. 相似文献
12.
Phytoplankton biomass size structure and its regulation in the Southern Yellow Sea (China): Seasonal variability 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Mingzhu Fu Zongling Wang Yan Li Ruixiang Li Ping Sun Xiuhua Wei Xuezheng Lin Jingsong Guo 《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(18):2178-2194
Phytoplankton size structure plays a significant role in controlling the carbon flux of marine pelagic ecosystems. The mesoscale distribution and seasonal variation of total and size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass in surface waters, as measured by chlorophyll a (Chl a), was studied in the Southern Yellow Sea using data from four cruises during 2006–2007. The distribution of Chl a showed a high degree of spatial and temporal variation in the study area. Chl a concentrations were relatively high in the summer and autumn, with a mean of 1.42 and 1.27 mg m−3, respectively. Conversely, in the winter and spring, the average Chl a levels were only 0.98 and 0.99 mg m−3. Total Chl a showed a clear decreasing gradient from coastal areas to the open sea in the summer, autumn and winter cruises. Patches of high Chl a were observed in the central part of the Southern Yellow Sea in the spring due to the onset of the phytoplankton bloom. The eutrophic coastal waters contributed at least 68% of the total phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. Picophytoplankton showed a consistent and absolute dominance in the central region of the Southern Yellow Sea (>40%) in all of the cruises, while the proportion of microphytoplankton was the highest in coastal waters. The relative proportions of pico- and nanophytoplankton decreased with total biomass, whereas the proportion of the micro-fraction increased with total biomass. Relationships between phytoplankton biomass and environmental factors were also analysed. The results showed that the onset of the spring bloom was highly dependent on water column stability. Phytoplankton growth was limited by nutrient availability in the summer due to the strong thermocline. The combined effects of P-limitation and vertical mixing in the autumn restrained the further increase of phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. The low phytoplankton biomass in winter was caused by vertical dispersion due to intense mixing. Compared with the availability of nutrients, temperature did not seem to cause direct effects on phytoplankton biomass and its size structure. Although interactions of many different environmental factors affected phytoplankton distributions, hydrodynamic conditions seemed to be the dominant factor. Phytoplankton size structure was determined mainly by the size-differential capacity in acquiring resource. Short time scale events, such as the spring bloom and the extension of Yangtze River plume, can have substantial influences, both on the total Chl a concentration and on the size structure of the phytoplankton. 相似文献
13.
T. Berman Y. Z. Yacobi U. Pollingher 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1992,54(2):104-127
The general features of phytoplankton seasonal succession, abundance and distribution in Lake Kinneret, as based on observations from 1970 through 1989, are summarised. Throughout this period of observation, the large, thecate dinoflagellatePeridinium gatunense formed an annual, late winter to early spring bloom resulting in very high standing stock levels. The dominance of these dinoflagellates has a profound impact upon the lake ecosystem. In the summer and fall the phytoplankton assemblage consisted mainly of nanoplanktonic green and blue-green algae and diatoms. Picophytoplankton, mainly picocyanobacteria, were present in low numbers during the dinoflagellate bloom but reached maximum abundance (105 cells · ml–1) in the epilimnion during the summer and fall. Within a given year, chlorophyll concentrations correlated well with estimates of wet weight biomass, derived from microscope counts. However, interannual averages of chlorophyll did not correlate closely with those for wet weight biomass. Both wet weight biomass and chlorophyll standing stocks fluctuated more than 2 fold from 1970 through 1989 but no extreme, long-term, continuous trend of increase or decrease was observed. Thus, phytoplankton has remained relatively stable although there has been a significant rise in the levels of summer-fall biomass since 1981. The main factor responsible for this may have been increased available phosphorus; the abundance of phytoplankton did not show any clear, long-term relation to that of herbivorous zooplankton. 相似文献
14.
于2015年春季拟多甲藻水华暴发期在香溪河支流高岚河、南阳河与干流设置9个采样点,探讨浮游植物种群与水体总磷浓度等环境因子的相关性;同时,分离纯化拟多甲藻后,设置5个不同磷浓度(0、0.005、0.020、0.100、0.600 mg/L)对其进行实验室培养,分别测定其比生长速率;在对数生长期,检测不同磷浓度培养下的藻细胞的快速光曲线及其参数;检测不同磷浓度培养下的藻细胞对外源无机碳的吸收效率及其参数.结果表明,水体中总磷浓度越高的河段,拟多甲藻细胞密度越高;培养基中磷浓度越高,拟多甲藻的比生长速率越大,光合效率越高,其对外源无机碳的吸收能力越强.这些结果表明高磷的水环境可能是促使拟多甲藻形成水华的关键因素之一. 相似文献
15.
鄱阳湖河湖转换期间鱼腥藻(Anabaena)的变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
鄱阳湖作为我国长江目前仅存的两个通江湖泊之一,年内水位变幅巨大.通过在鄱阳湖2013年河湖转换期间(5—11月)对鄱阳湖主航道都昌段进行每月3~4次的高频监测,以考察鄱阳湖水体中鱼腥藻(Anabaena)的动态变化,分析鄱阳湖中鱼腥藻生长并占优势的影响因素.结果表明,蓝藻为鄱阳湖浮游植物的次级优势种,8月蓝藻生物量平均占浮游植物生物量的57%,蓝藻取代硅藻成为暂时的优势种.夏、秋季水华蓝藻以固氮鱼腥藻为主,主要与夏、秋季水温较高以及适宜的营养盐条件等有关.研究期间鄱阳湖水体氮磷比平均在15左右,鱼腥藻能够产生有固氮能力的异形胞,并在水华蓝藻中成为优势种,也反映了鄱阳湖某些湖区存在氮相对缺乏的阶段. 相似文献
16.
John-Mark Davies Weston H. Nowlin Blake Matthews Asit Mazumder 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(4):393-402
Ideas on how various measures of nutrient limitation relate to plankton biomass and species composition are re-examined. While
long-term and multi-lake studies typically focus on determining overall biomass, seasonal studies are more focused toward
understanding species composition. We use physiological assays to assess short-term nutrient deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus
in two moderately fertile lakes. While biomass in the lakes was considered to ultimately be limited by total phosphorus, nutrient
assays were variable in time. Nutrient ratios (TN:TP, PN:PP, PC:PP and PC:PN) did not predict short-term deficiencies, notably
that nitrogen deficiency occurred in these phosphorus-limited lakes. In one of our study lakes, there was a relaxation of
phosphorus deficiency despite phosphate concentrations occurring below traditional detection limits. Following this period,
there was an autumn bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. This relationship corresponds with other studies that have found A. flos-aquae to be a poor competitor for phosphorus. In contrast, phosphorus deficiency remained high prior to the autumn diatom bloom
in our other study lake. Deficiency measures remain an excellent means of assessing physiological status of plankton communities
and provide greater insight into species compositional changes, especially when other potential indicators like dissolved
nutrient concentrations are inconclusive. Regardless of the nutrient limitation indicator used for a given study, it is critical
to consider the appropriate scale of the measure. 相似文献