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1.
温度、光照强度及硝酸盐对拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii N8)生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以从南亚热带水库中分离的拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii N8)为材料,研究了不同温度(12、16、20、24、28、32℃)、光照强度(6.6、12.4、21.5、30.7、62.9、106.4μmol/(m2·s))和硝态氮浓度(0.5、1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128 mg/L)下拟柱孢藻的生长特性.结果表明:在实验设置的温度范围(16~32℃)内拟柱孢藻能够正常生长;最适温度范围为24~28℃,在28℃条件下,具有最大比生长速率,为0.189 d-1;当温度为12℃时,拟柱孢藻叶绿素a浓度一直降低,显著低于其他温度组(16~32℃).在6.6~106.4μmol/(m2·s)光照强度范围内,拟柱孢藻均呈指数增长趋势,最适光照强度为30.7μmol/(m2·s),其比生长速率达到最大值,为0.156 d-1;高光照强度(62.9~106.4μmol/(m2·s))下拟柱孢藻的比生长速率显著大于低光照强度(6.6~12.4μmol/(m2·s))处理组.拟柱孢藻开始指数增长的最低硝态氮浓度为4 mg/L;硝态氮浓度为8 mg/L时,拟柱孢藻达到最大比生长速率(0.155 d-1);当硝态氮浓度高于16 mg/L时比生长速率增加不显著.高硝态氮浓度组(16~128 mg/L)拟柱孢藻的叶绿素a浓度和比生长速率显著高于低硝态氮浓度组(0.5~2 mg/L).研究结果说明拟柱孢藻对温度、光照和氮源均有较宽的生态位,有利于在较大空间尺度上进行扩散. 相似文献
2.
小麦麸皮水浸提液(WBL)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)具有较强的抑制作用.为了阐明铜绿微囊藻光合系统对WBL胁迫的响应,本文分析了WBL胁迫下M.aeruginosa CHAB-109细胞光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光诱导动力学变化.结果显示,当WBL浓度为1.6和3.2 g/L时,M.aeruginosa CHAB-109单位细胞内Chl.a和类胡萝卜素含量均显著低于对照.Chl.a光诱导荧光动力学分析结果显示,WBL胁迫下单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量(TR0/RC)及单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ET0/RC)均受到显著抑制.光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)能量分配比率参数分析结果显示,WBL对光合系统反应中心电子供体侧没有影响,但是显著抑制光合系统反应中心电子受体侧电子传递.综合分析WBL诱导下M.aeruginosa CHAB-109 PSⅡ能量流动比活性能参数和能量分配比率参数显示,反应中心电子受体侧电子由反应中心传递到QA及QA更远的部位均为WBL的抑制作用位点. 相似文献
3.
拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)是热带地区普遍存在的蓝藻种类,已在广东省很多水库成为优势种类甚至形成水华,作为一种新的有害水华类型,目前对其成因研究甚少.以广东省江门市镇海水库为研究对象,于2014年11月—2015年10月期间对其进行逐月采样,观测理化因子和浮游植物组成,测定拟柱孢藻的丝体长度,初步探讨该水库拟柱孢藻优势形成的原因.数据表明,拟柱孢藻是镇海水库的绝对优势种,常年生物量较高,介于5.9~15.5 mg/L之间,平均生物量为11.3 mg/L,占浮游植物总生物量的93.5%.从季节上看,拟柱孢藻生物量在2—6月相对较高,最高生物量出现在6月,10月和11月生物量最低.拟柱孢藻的丝体长度具有显著的季节变化,与水温呈极显著负相关.相关性分析表明拟柱孢藻生物量与总氮、总磷浓度呈显著正相关,与氮磷比呈显著负相关,而逐步回归分析表明拟柱孢藻生物量的变化主要由总磷浓度决定,推测该藻对磷的超强吸收和储存能力在其生物量季节变动中起重要作用. 相似文献
4.
拟柱孢藻（Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii）和角星鼓藻（Staurastrum spp.）是热带亚热带浮游植物群落中的常见优势种类，为了解铁对2种浮游植物季节动态和生长的影响，本文通过对典型热带水库的野外调查，分析铁与2种藻生物量和相对生物量的季节动态的关系，并通过室内实验分别以无机磷（KH2PO4）和有机磷（C6H13O9P）为磷源，比较3种铁浓度（0.029、0.29和0.689 mg/L）下拟柱孢藻（C.raciborskii，N8）和角星鼓藻（Staurastrum sp.，FACHB-1449）的比生长速率、铁载体产量和碱性磷酸酶活性的差异.结果显示，拟柱孢藻和角星鼓藻是浮游植物群落的主要优势种类，两者的生物量最大占到总生物量的82%以上；两者对环境变量响应的区别主要体现在对溶解性铁浓度变化的响应差异上，拟柱孢藻生物量与溶解性铁有显著的线性回归关系，但角星鼓藻的生物量与铁没有显著线性回归关系.室内实验中，拟柱孢藻N8的比生长速率在无机磷源铁浓度为0.689 mg/L条件下最大，为0.098±0.01 d-1，2种磷源条件下比生长速率均随铁浓度降低而显著降低，6个实验组均检到铁载体：6个实验组角星鼓藻FACHB-1449的比生长速率没有明显差异，平均为0.079±0.001 d-1，均未检出铁载体，磷源和铁浓度对其比生长速率的影响不显著；有机磷源条件下，拟柱孢藻N8实验组碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于角星鼓藻FACHB-1449实验组，拟柱孢藻N8实验组酶活性随铁浓度降低而显著降低，但角星鼓藻FACHB-1449各实验组的碱性磷酸酶活性无明显差异.以上结果表明，水体中溶解性铁的供应对拟柱孢藻的种群动态和优势有重要作用，与角星鼓藻相比，拟柱孢藻的生长更易受到铁的限制，尤其在无机磷缺乏、磷源主要以有机磷形式供应时，铁对拟柱孢藻生长的限制作用增强. 相似文献
5.
拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)是一种入侵蓝藻,能够产生拟柱孢藻毒素(cylindrospermopsin,CYN),严重危害人类健康.现有研究表明该藻已在我国广泛分布,更是华南地区常见的水华蓝藻,但目前对其产毒和起源还缺乏了解.本研究以中国广东省千灯湖分离出的10株拟柱孢藻为材料,对它们的生长、形态和产毒特性进行了观测,并构建了基于nif H和rpo C1基因的双基因系统进化树.结果表明,10株拟柱孢藻藻丝体形态均呈笔直型,除QDH1藻株外,其他的拟柱孢藻均可产生端生异形胞,厚壁孢子也常有出现;10藻株丝体的平均长度在41.0~77.7μm之间,宽度在2.433~3.125μm之间,它们的长宽比值差异显著.10藻株的比生长速率差异极显著,为0.075~0.174 d-1.检测发现10株藻中仅QDH7藻株可检测到6个CYN合成酶基因,液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)分析表明该藻株主要产生deoxy-CYN异构体,其浓度可达1745.19 ng/mL.系统进化分析表明千灯湖的拟柱孢藻与澳大利亚、欧洲和国内其他地区的藻株同源性较高,但基于rpo C1和nif H基因不能区分千灯湖的产毒藻株和非产毒藻株.本研究证实了广东省水体中存在产毒拟柱孢藻,需防范这类新型产毒蓝藻水华所带来的生态风险. 相似文献
6.
7.
用粒径小于100 μm的泥沙分别配置浊度为30、60和90 NTU(Nephelometric Turbidity Units)的混浊水体,将穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)成体植株分别种植于上述水体中,2个月后,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(Diving-PAM)测定植株叶片的叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,水体悬浮泥沙对狐尾藻成体植株Fv/Fm和Fo影响不显著,植株PSⅡ无显著损伤.用30 μmol photon/(m2·s)的光化光照射10 s,在30和60 NTU的混浊水体中植株△Fv/Fm、qP和rETR与对照的差异不显著;在90NTU的水体中,qP、rETR与对照的差异显著(P＜0.05);qN值≤0.1,表明在低光化光照射下叶片的热耗散少,能量更多的参与了光化学反应.在悬浮泥沙水体中植株的rETR日变化幅度显著小于对照,植株的光合作用随水体浊度的增加显著降低.Fv/Fm日变化呈较为平缓的"V"形变化,植株受到的光抑制程度低;泥沙浊度≥60 NTU时,Fv/Fm恢复变慢,但与对照差异不显著.rETRmax随泥沙浊度升高呈下降趋势,光合作用能力显著降低.结果表明穗花狐尾藻是一种较为耐受悬浮泥沙水体的沉水植物,悬浮泥沙对植株光合系统PSⅡ、抗光抑制能力无显著影响,但对光合作用能力影响显著(P＜0.05). 相似文献
8.
Zn2+浓度对固氮鱼腥藻(Anabaena azotica Ley)光能转化特性的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本实验对在不同Zn^2 浓度条件下培养的固氮鱼腥藻（Anabaena azotica Ley）的生长、光合放氧速率和叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行了测定。结果表明，当Zn^2 浓度为1.0μmol/L时，其比生长速率（Specifie growth rate）最大，光合放氧速率和Fv/Fm值最高，当Zn^2 浓度大于等于5.0μmol/L是会抑制A.azotica Ley的生长和光合作用，对在0μmol/L和5.0μmol/L Zn^2 发生反应的藻蓝蛋白溶液的可见光吸收光谱的分析，发现前者624nm处藻胆体的吸收峰和后者620nm处藻蓝蛋白的吸收峰都因Zn^2 的作用而下降，推测藻蓝蛋白为Zn^2 影响光合作用的位点之一，碳酸酐酶活性的测定表明Zn^2 的浓度水平会影响其活性大小，推测是Zn^2 影响光合作用的另一途径。 相似文献
9.
为揭示微囊藻群体形成机理,为有效防治水华暴发提供依据,以三峡库区铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为研究对象,研究N、P浓度,Ca~(2+)浓度,光强,温度对铜绿微囊藻生长、胞外多糖(EPS)合成和群体微囊藻形成的影响,并对比分析了单细胞和群体微囊藻的形态特征.研究发现当N≤100 mg/L、P≤5 mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻生物量和EPS合成量随着N、P浓度增加而增加;适宜浓度的Ca~(2+)(65 mg/L)有利于藻生长,EPS产量随着Ca~(2+)浓度增加而降低,过高浓度的Ca~(2+)在刺激微囊藻细胞分泌EPS的同时可能会促进其溶解,Ca~(2+)和EPS均对微囊藻群体形成起桥架粘结作用;光照和温度对EPS合成有一定促进作用,且其促进效果均高于N、P和Ca~(2+)作用,20℃是同时满足微囊藻生长及EPS合成的最有利条件.群体细胞比单细胞周围的胶质鞘更加明显和清晰,多糖胶鞘表面有许多Ca~(2+)晶体,从微观角度可以确定Ca~(2+)在EPS合成及群体形成中起着重要作用. 相似文献
10.
椭圆小球藻( Chlorella ellipsoidea )对4种重金属的耐受性及富集 总被引：28，自引：1，他引：28
分离筛选获得了一株高重金属抗性的椭圆小球藻 (Chlorellaellipsoidea) ,并研究了不同浓度的重金属铜、锌、镍、镉对该藻生长和叶绿素a含量的影响及其对重金属离子的吸收富集作用 .结果显示 ,该藻对Zn2 +和Cd2 +具有很高的耐受性 .对四种重金属的耐受能力依次为锌 >镉>镍 >铜 .其叶绿素a含量与重金属离子浓度呈明显负相关 .该藻对重金属具有很好的去除效果 ,经 15μmol/LCu2 +、30 0 μmol/LZn2 +、10 0 μmol/LNi2 +、30 μmol/LCd2 +浓度 72h处理 ,去除率分别达到 4 0 .93%、98.33%、97.6 2 %、86 .88% ,可应用于含重金属废水的处理 相似文献
11.
Yogui GT Santos MC Bertozzi CP Sericano JL Montone RC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2666-2670
Limited information is available in the literature on the levels of brominated flame retardants in the southern hemisphere. This study presents concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the blubber of small cetaceans from the coast of São Paulo (Brazil), southwestern Atlantic. PBDE levels were highest in Stenellafrontalis (770 ng g−1 lipid) followed by Stenobredanensis (475 ng g−1 lipid), Sotaliaguianensis (65.6 ng g−1 lipid), Tursiopstruncatus (64.2 ng g−1 lipid) and Pontoporiablainvillei (60.3 ng g−1 lipid). In general, continental shelf individuals exhibited higher contamination than inshore animals. This might be related to larger prey items consumed by continental shelf dolphins. The pattern of contamination indicates that Penta-BDE commercial mixtures are a major source of PBDEs to top predators in the southwestern Atlantic. Congeners found in Octa-BDE formulations were not detected in the investigated animals. 相似文献
12.
Burša Milan Raděj Karel Šima Zdislav True Scott A. Vatrt Viliam 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1997,41(3):203-216
The geopotential scale factor R
o
= GM/W
o
(the GM geocentric gravitational constant adopted) and/or geoidal potential Wo have been determined on the basis of the first year's (Oct 92 – Dec 93) ERS-1/TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and of the POCM 4B sea surface topography model: R
o
°=(6 363 672.58°±0.05) m, W
o
°=(62 636 855.8°±0.05)m
2
s
–2
. The 2°–°3 cm uncertainty in the altimeter calibration limits the actual accuracy of the solution. Monitoring dW
o
/dt has been projected. 相似文献
13.
外来种福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)相较我国本土螺类其牧食量更大且繁殖速度更快,对栖息地水生植物的现存量和实施水生植被恢复的生态治理工程的成功性可能构成威胁,目前对福寿螺影响浅水湖泊沉水植物的重建缺乏足够的研究.本文通过设置不同沉水植物种类组合系统,研究福寿螺对3种常用于浅水富营养化湖泊治理的沉水植物密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)的牧食偏好以及不同植物配置系统理化因子的响应变化,结果表明福寿螺对沉水植物植株附着偏好为密刺苦草轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻,而牧食破坏强度为轮叶黑藻穗花狐尾藻密刺苦草,轮叶黑藻最容易受到福寿螺牧食影响而快速消亡,穗花狐尾藻叶片也会被全部牧食仅剩下茎,而苦草存活受到的影响较小.福寿螺会导致轮叶黑藻+密刺苦草组合系统中总氮、氨氮、总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,而密刺苦草+穗花狐尾藻组合中总磷、正磷酸盐浓度显著升高,但是在轮叶黑藻+穗花狐尾藻组合中仅总氮浓度显著升高.研究表明福寿螺能够影响沉水植物间的竞争关系,但是3种沉水植物均不能阻止福寿螺的牧食;福寿螺牧食会显著降低沉水植物生物量,最终会影响草型清水态系统的稳定性. 相似文献
14.
Nga Yu Ho Vincent Wai Tsun Li Wing Lin Poon Shuk Han Cheng 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):425
kif7 is a member of the kinesin superfamily members which are molecular motor proteins that move along microtubules in a highly regulated manner through ATP hydrolysis. In this paper, we report on the cloning of the Oryzias melastigma kif7 (omkif7) using primers designed according to the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) database. The cloned omkif7 has an open reading frame of 3762bp and is deduced to encode a polypeptide of 1254 amino acids that possesses the putative ATP-binding and microtubule-binding motifs in its motor domain at the N-terminal region. We characterized the cloned omkif7 by comparison with the zebrafish kif7. Both omkif7 and zebrafish kif7 are shown to be expressed in all embryonic stages and adult tissues examined with higher expression level in the testis and ovary. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that the expression of omkif7 is ubiquitous during the early stages of embryonic development, but became more restrictive and localized to the brain, fin bud and eye at later development. This study suggested that the brackish O.melastigma can serve as a good seawater model organism for developmental studies by utilizing the resources developed from its close relative of the Japanese medaka. 相似文献
15.
The present paper analyses predation patterns, of Percichthys trucha and salmonid fish upon Galaxias maculatus in five lakes of northern Patagonia with differing community and environmental characteristics. Tank experiments were performed to evaluate relative efficiency of native and exotic predators of G. maculatus under treatments with and without cover (aquatic vegetation). Important differences were found between predators with regards to distribution and consumption of G. maculatus. Salmonids are more efficient than P. trucha in consuming G. maculatus in deep environments with scarcely vegetation; in contrast to native species they frequently use the pelagic environment. Although pelagic habitat might have served in the past as a refuge from native predators in the past, G maculatus now experiences intense predation in the pelagic zone by exotic salmonids. It is suggested that the widespread distribution of G. maculatus in Patagonian lakes may have facilitated the success of salmonids throughout Patagonia. 相似文献
16.
Floristic surveys, vegetation mapping, and detailed transect analyses rendered a macrophyte flora of 14 native and five alien taxa of flowering plants in the River Erft, a contributory of the River Rhine in Northrhine-Westphalia. Water temperatures of this river do not fall below 10 °C all the year round, for reasons of geothermically heated water discharged from nearby opencast mining areas. Macrophyte stand structures, composed of the neophytes Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta (floating) and Myriophyllum aquaticum, Egeria densa, and Vallisneria spiralis (rooted in the muddy or sandy ground of the river) are described and the ecological requirements of these taxa are characterized. The alien species can be seen as elements that increase the α-diversity of the aquatic vegetation of the River Erft. They do not replace any of the native species, even if shifts in the competition dynamics occur. The colonization by neophytes of the abnormally warmed River Erft can be appreciated as paradigmatic for trends in the macrophyte vegetation of medium-sized rivers in Central Europe when climate-related or discharge-based heating of the waterbody occurs and propagules of alien plants imported by waterfowl or – more important – plants from aquarium waste will find suitable places of existence and spread. 相似文献
17.
近30 a云贵高原湖泊表面水体面积变化遥感监测与时空分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以云贵高原湖泊近30 a来的TM、ETM~+和OLI遥感影像为数据源,采用归一化水体指数(NDWI)、改进归一化水体指数(MNDWI)、新型水体指数(NWI)、增强型水体指数(EWI)和自动水体提取指数5种水体指数提取了1985—2015年云贵高原10个湖泊表面水体面积,并对各种算法进行精度对比分析.针对湖泊各自特点采用不同的水体指数提取其表面水体面积,并进行水体面积变化时空分析.结果表明:云贵高原湖泊表面水体面积总体呈现先增加后缩减趋势,1985—1995年湖泊表面水体面积增加了30.86 km~2,1995—2015年湖泊水体表面面积减少了48.12 km~2,其中,面积变化最大的是杞麓湖与异龙湖.对云贵高原湖泊表面水体面积变化与该区域的年降水量、蒸发量、平均气温、流域植被覆盖面积和人类活动时空进行相关分析,结果表明:1)高原湖泊对区域气候变化的响应具有明显的空间差异性,云贵高原湖泊的表面水体面积与气候相关性较显著,气温升高引起蒸发加速,降水量下降,湖面不断缩小,与逐年上升的气温呈负相关,与逐年波动上升的蒸发量呈负相关,与逐年减少的降水量呈正相关;2)云贵高原湖泊各流域的植被覆盖面积与湖泊面积变化相关性较弱;3)人类活动是影响湖泊面积变化的重要因素,大肆围湖造田、围湖养殖以及旅游开发等人类活动直接导致云贵高原湖泊面积的锐减,并对湖泊生态环境产生重要影响. 相似文献
18.
Species differences in stomatal control of water loss at the canopy scale in a mature bottomland deciduous forest 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In order to evaluate factors controlling transpiration of six common eastern deciduous species in North America, a model describing responses of canopy stomatal conductance (GS) to net radiation (RN), vapor pressure deficit (D) and relative extractable soil water (REW) was parameterized from sap flux data. Sap flux was measured in 24 mature trees consisting of the species Carya tomentosa, Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua in a bottomland oak-hickory forest in the Duke Forest, NC. Species differences in model coefficients were found during the 1997 growing season. All species showed a reduction in GS with increasing D. RN influenced GS in the overstory shade intolerant L. styraciflua to a larger extent than the other species measured. In addition, despite a severe drought during the study period, only L. tulipifera showed a decline in GS with decreasing REW. The primary effect of the drought for the other species appeared to be early autumn leaf senescence and abscission. As a result, despite the drought in this bottomland forest accustomed to ample water supply, maximum daily transpiration (1.6 mm) and growing season transpiration (264 mm) were similar to a nearby upland forest measured during a year of above average precipitation. These results may aid in assessing differences in water use and the ability of bottomland deciduous species to tolerate alterations in the frequency or amount of precipitation. Results also suggest little variation in water use among forests of similar composition and structure growing in different positions in the landscape and subjected to large interannual variation in water supply. 相似文献
19.
通过野外调查并结合历史数据对洪湖沉水植被进行长时间序列变化研究,构建自1950s以来洪湖主要优势沉水植物群落穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的群落分布图并计算其面积.结果表明:穗状狐尾藻群落面积从1950s占全湖的6%增加至1990s的65%,而后急剧下降至2010年的2%,然后又恢复至2014年的15%;微齿眼子菜群落面积从1950s的10%增至1990s的65%,然后下降至2014年的38%;金鱼藻群落面积从1980s的6%增至1990s的39%,2010年以后则稳定在25%;轮叶黑藻群落面积1950s占全湖的32%,随后急剧下降至1980s的6%,2000年以后逐步增加,至2014年为15%.1950s1990s,穗状狐尾藻、微齿眼子菜和金鱼藻群落分布范围从周边向湖心扩展,而轮叶黑藻群落从湖中心消失;2000年以后洪湖沉水植物群落分布破碎化明显.分析认为,1950s 1990s的围垦和水文过程变化,1990s 2005年的围网养殖、水生植物过度利用以及由此导致的水质恶化等,以及2006年至今开展的拆围和生态修复是导致这些变化的主要因素.建议取缔围网,控制入湖水质,提高水体透明度,促进水生植被恢复,但同时增加水位变幅,促进植物资源合理利用,避免沼泽化重演. 相似文献
20.
The effects of a mixture of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cu) on growth, radial oxygen loss (ROL) and the spatial pattern of ROL were investigated in mangrove seedlings of three species: Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Heavy metals inhibited the growth of seedlings and led to decreased ROL and changes in the “tight” barrier spatial pattern of ROL. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of ROL from the roots of seedlings and metal tolerance. The species with the highest ROL amount, B. gymnorrhiza, were also the most tolerant to heavy metals. The “tight” barrier spatial ROL pattern was also related to metal tolerance in the seedlings. Therefore, we conclude that both ROL amount and “tight” barrier spatial ROL pattern in the roots of the mangrove seedlings play an important role in resistance to heavy metal toxicity. 相似文献