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根据Ｂｒｕｎｅ（１９７０）提出的震源位错模式，用发生在滇西地震实验场区鹤庆ＭＳ＝５．３中强地震的地震数字化监测资料，计算了Ｓ波谱，测定了鹤庆地震序列的震源参数．在此基础上研究了地面运动峰值速度参数（ｒ．ｖ）对地震应力降Δσ的依赖性．由地震标定关系给出（ｒ．ｖ）∝Δσ２／３，导出了用峰值速度参数求地震应力降的３个关系：ｌｇ（ｒ．ｖ）＝ｄ１＋（１／３）ｌｇＭ０＋（２／３）ｌｇΔσ；ｌｇ（ｒ．ｖ）＝ｄ２＋（１／３）ＭＬ＋（２／３）ｌｇΔσ；ｌｇΔσ＝－１．０＋１．５ｌｇ（ｒ．ｖ）．假定对大小地震的平均应力降取３．０ＭＰａ，由鹤庆地震序列的观测资料定出常数ｄ１＝－３．８８和ｄ２＝－０．３８．序列震源参数测定结果给出，地震矩为１０１１～１０１５Ｎ·ｍ，破裂半径ａ＝２００～６００ｍ．根据峰值速度测定的应力降Δσ＝０．１～１０ＭＰａ，平均为３．７ＭＰａ．用这些标度关系求出的应力降结果与Ｂｒｕｎｅ模式求应力降的结果比较一致．本文的研究结果还表明，地面运动峰值速度参数对地震应力降的依赖性比对地震矩的依赖性更强． 相似文献
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对星叶石Ｋ_２Ｎａ（Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ,Ｍｇ,□）,［Ｔｉ_２（Ｓｔ_４Ｏ_（１２））_２｜ Ｏ_３］（ＯＨ,Ｆ）_４进行了晶体结构的精测, 求得晶胞参数：ａ＝０．５３５ ９（２）ｕｍ,ｂ＝１．１６１４（４）ｕｍ,ｃ＝１．１８６１（４）ｕｍ,α＝１１３．１６（２）°,β ＝１０３．０４（２）°,γ＝９４．５６（２）°．晶胞体积Ｖ＝０．６４９５（５）ｎｍ~３．单位晶胞中的分子数Ｚ＝１,空 间群为Ｐ１．结构测定的精度,其偏离因子为Ｒ＝０．０５７．根据其晶体结构的特征,与曾测 定的单斜星叶石 Ｋ_２ＮａＮａ（Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ）_４Ｍｇ_２Ｔｉ_２［Ｓｉ_４Ｏ_（１２）］_２（ＯＨ）_４（ＯＨ,Ｆ）_２对比,指出两者为不同种 矿物,建议单斜星叶石应重新命名．将星叶石、单斜星叶石、钡铁钛石及问叶石这一类 钛硅酸盐的结构与云母进行类比,提出了晶体化学中的功能性替代的概念 相似文献
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新疆西天山低温榴辉岩相变质作用 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
研究表明,新疆西天山榴辉岩相变质岩石具有以下５种类型：（１）块状蓝闪石帘石榴辉岩、蓝闪石钠云母榴辉岩类,（２）片（麻）状白云母榴辉岩类,（３）条带状方解石榴辉岩类,（４）枕状蓝闪石榴辉岩类和（５）石榴石绿辉石石英岩类．其变质过程经历了以下４个阶段演化：（１）峰前硬柱石蓝片岩相阶段（Ｔ＝３５０～４００℃,Ｐ＝０．７～０．９ＧＰａ）;（２）峰期榴辉岩阶段（Ｔ＝（５３０± ２０）℃, Ｐ＝ １．６～１９ ＧＰａ）;（３）退变绿帘蓝片岩相阶段（Ｔ＝ ５００～５３０℃, Ｐ＝ ０．９～１．２ ＧＰａ）和（４）退变蓝闪绿片岩相阶段（Ｔ＝４５０～５５０℃, Ｐ＝０．７～０．８ＧＰａ）．在此基础上,确定了其可能的Ｐ－Ｔ轨迹为顺时针型,具等温降压（ＩＴＤ）的特点,抬升回返过程中经历了两期退变蓝片岩相变质过程．新疆西天山低温榴辉岩相变质岩石代表了塔里木板块和伊犁－中天山板块间俯冲发生低温高压变质作用的结果． 相似文献
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本文描述了一秋龄性腺成熟中华绒螯蟹（简称河蟹）的外部特征并与一秋龄未成熟及二秋龄成熟河蟹进行比较,同时给出了体重与壳宽的回归方程．保安湖的研究结果表明,对于一秋龄雌蟹,体重大于２９．８ｇ（壳宽为４．０３ｃｍ）全部成熟,而体重小于１３．１ｇ（壳宽为３．００ｃｍ）均不成熟,体重在１３、１－２９．８ｇ之间,既有成熟又有未成熟．对于一秋龄雄蟹,体重大于２６．０ｇ（壳宽３．９１ｃｍ）,全部成熟,而于１２．０ｇ壳宽２．６６ｃｍ）均未成熟,体重在１２．０－２６．０ｇ之间,既有成熟者又有未成熟个体．对一秋龄成熟河蟹成熟系数逐月变化的观察表明,在翌年３月份达到峰值,雌蟹为１２． ３２± １． ７５％,雄蟹为 ４． ２４± ０． ０６％;此后,性腺迅速退化,至翌年七月上旬,卵巢退变成细索状结构．己无完整的卵粒． 相似文献
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本文使用Ｎａｋａｉ预处理和Ｖｅｎｅｄｉｋｏｖ调和分析方法，对慎西地区下关台ＧＳ１５－２２７重力仪１９８７－１９９２年观测资料和丽江台ＥＴ－２２重力仪１９９０－１９９２年的观测资料进行了分析处理，并对其计算结果进行仪器动力学特征及惯性和海潮负荷，进而确定慎西地区潮汐基准参数为：δ（０１）＝１．１６６±０．００１，δ（Ｍ２）＝１．１６３±０．０００，△ψ（０１）＝－０．３８±０．０８，△ψ（Ｍ２）＝－ 相似文献
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目的探讨ＰＨ值对Ｆｅ－ＥＤＴＡ造影效果的影响。方法;配制ＰＨ梯度５０－８０的０．５和０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｆｅ－ＥＤＴＡ液,观察ＳＥ序列「ＴＲ（ｍｓ）／ＴＥ（ｍｓ）２００／１５,２５００／８０」,信号变化,结果：Ｆｅ－ＥＤＴＡ的ＭＲ信号随ＰＨ值提高而减弱。 相似文献
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Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
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Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
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The transfer of sediment through a highly regulated large fluvial system (lower Ebro River) was analysed during two consecutive floods by means of sediment sampling. Suspended sediment and bedload transport were measured upstream and downstream of large reservoirs. The dams substantially altered flood timing, particularly the peaks, which were advanced downstream from the dams for flood control purposes. The suspended sediment yield upstream from the dams was 1 700 000 tonnes, which represented nearly 99 per cent of the total solid yield. The mean concentrations were close to 0·5 g l?1. The sediment yield downstream from the dams was an order of magnitude lower (173 000 tonnes), showing a mean concentration of 0·05 g l?1. The dams captured up to 95 per cent of the fine sediment carried in suspension in the river channel, preventing it from reaching the lowermost reaches of the river and the delta plain. Total bedload transport upstream from the dams was estimated to be about 25 000 tonnes, only 1·5 per cent of the total load. The median bedload rate was 100 gms?1. Below the dams, the river carried 178 000 tonnes, around 51 per cent of the total load, at a mean rate of 250 g ms?1. The results of sediment transport upstream and downstream from the large dams illustrate the magnitude of the sediment deficit in the lower Ebro River. The river mobilized a total of 350 000 tonnes in the downstream reaches, which were not replaced by sediment from upstream. Therefore, sediment was necessarily entrained from the riverbed and channel banks, causing a mean incision of 33 mm over the 27 km long study reach, altogether a significant step towards the long‐term degradation of the lower Ebro River. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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以太湖西五里湖为研究对象,研究了生态修复工程实施两年后,疏浚区、疏浚并水生植被重建示范区、退渔还湖区及对照区沉积物中氮、磷形态的季节变化及垂直分布特征,同时分析了各区上覆水的氮磷含量.结果表明:生态修复措施的实施对沉积物中氮磷形态分布及上覆水的氮磷含量影响显著.示范区和退渔还湖区水体中氮磷含量较低;沉积物中不同磷形态的垂直分布变化较复杂;疏浚基础上进行的水生植被重建对Lab-P、Al-P、Fe-P的吸收作用显著,对Ca-P、Org-P的影响较小;退渔还湖区沉积物磷形态以Ca-P、Org-P为主,Fe-P所占比例较低,与疏浚区不同.生态修复措施对沉积物中TN的影响较小;示范区NH 4 -N含量在秋季突增,可能与植物残体形成的有机质的分解有关.疏浚区水体中氮磷含量与对照区差别不大,沉积物中TN的平均含量还略高于对照区,因此单一的疏浚措施对水环境改善的长期作用需要进一步研究.而示范区水体及沉积物中的TN、TP含量均比较低,水生植被恢复较好,可见在减少外来污染的前提下,对湖区底泥进行疏浚并开展水生植被恢复工程应该是控制湖泊富营养化的有效途径. 相似文献
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Z. J. Wang H. El Ghobary F. Giovanoli P. -Y. Favarger 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1986,48(1):1-17
The transition elements Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu and Cr together with Pb and P were determined in three sequential extractions of sediment and in the pore water of a 35-cm sediment core from Lake Geneva. A high percentage of the mobile Mn, Fe, P, Co, Pb and Zn was extracted in the first (inorganic) fraction, whereas the mobile Cu and Cr were mostly found in the second (organic and sulfide) fraction. Mn was subject to recycling with solubilization from the surface sediment to the oxic bottom water where it was precipitated. Highly enriched Co and P values were observed in the top few mm of the sediment resulting from post depositional solubilization with upward migration and precipitation with oxi-hydroxides at the sediment surface. The slower increase of Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations towards the sediment/water interface are the result of an increase of anthropogenic sources over the past decades. A further increase in Pb in the first cm of the core is believed to be related to the freshly precipitated Mn oxi-hydroxides. 相似文献
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沉水植物是湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分，其生产力和分布格局受环境因子特别是水文情势决定.洞庭湖是长江流域重要的大型通江湖泊，近年来受人为干扰和气候变化影响，水文节律与水质等环境因子发生改变，导致沉水植物出现衰退现象，急需开展科学恢复，因此有必要对洞庭湖沉水植物深入研究.本研究选取西洞庭湖为研究区域，于2018年和2019年夏季调查了12处典型生境、98个样点的沉水植物与水深、透明度等11个环境因子，采用独立样本T检验和冗余分析方法对沉水植物与环境因子的关系进行分析，对比年际水文情势变化的影响.结果表明：1）西洞庭湖沉水植物主要在水深较浅、水质更优、水体更为稳定的半阻隔子湖和自由连通的湖湾区分布，在河道及水位波动较大的区域分布较少，有、无沉水植物分布样点间存在显著差异的环境因子为水深、透明度、底泥总磷和pH；2）在有沉水植物分布的样点，沉水植物生物量与pH、水深和水体总磷呈显著相关关系；3）自然连通的季节性淹没湖泊沉水植物生物量在2018年高于2019年，可能与2019年5—8月沉水植物关键生长期出现的涨水过程有关，持续的高水位对沉水植物的生长产生了不利影响.维持自然水文节律、湖泊生境异质性与自由连通性、健康的水质等是恢复西洞庭沉水植物的关键，建议在水深低于3 m、营养盐浓度适中、流速及风浪较小的湖湾区或半阻隔湖泊开展沉水植物恢复. 相似文献
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模拟扰动条件下太湖表层沉积物磷行为的研究 总被引：75，自引：8，他引：75
利用恒温震荡器构筑的模拟扰动环境，研究了太湖水－沉积物界的磷释放和吸附行为。结果表明：表层沉积物的磷酸盐释放作用在模拟扰动条件下并不十分明显，在低强度的扰动条件下未观察到释放现象，模拟高强度扰动后，出现一个相对较强的释放过程，最大释放时沉积物上覆水浓度约为低强度扰动时的3倍，最大释放时间（Tmax)可能受磷酸盐形态分布的不同而有所差异，相比较而言，磷酸盐的吸附作用表现得十分明显迅速，沉积物上覆水磷酸盐浓度在0．5h后分别0229mg/L和l0.215mg／L下降为0．05mg/L和0.013mg/L，可以看出当上覆水磷酸盐浓度较高时，吸附作用的强度远大于释放作用，在25℃，模拟中等强度（100rpm)的模拟扰动条件下，当初始磷酸盐浓度为1．01mg/L时，梅梁湾和五里湖的表层沉积物吸附容量分别为每克千重吸附0．04mg和0.050mg磷酸盐，这种较高的吸附能力对浅水湖泊的磷酸盐缓冲作用能起到积极作用。 相似文献