共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
西宁城市活动断裂地表特征初步研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
在详细的野外地质调查基础上, 通过开挖探槽剖面揭露了断层的基本性质, 初步展示了西宁市北川河东岸断裂、 南川河断裂和湟水河断裂的地表特征。 结合前人的阶地测定年代结果初步判断, 北川河东岸断裂错断相当于湟水河Ⅱ至Ⅲ级阶地, Ⅱ级阶地形成不晚于0.05 Ma, Ⅲ级阶地形成不晚于0.12 Ma, 说明该断裂是晚更新世活动断裂; 南川河断裂错断相当于湟水河Ⅳ、 Ⅴ级阶地, Ⅳ级阶地形成不晚于0.54 Ma, Ⅴ级阶地形成不晚于0.78 Ma, 说明该断裂是早中更新世活动断裂; 湟水河断裂错断其Ⅱ、 Ⅲ级阶地砾石层, 说明该断裂是晚更新世活动断裂。 这些断裂规模小、 活动性弱, 可能为盖层断裂。 相似文献
4.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE PENGXIAN ACTIVE BLIND FAULT IN THE CENTRAL LONGMEN SHAN FRONT BELT 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 WANG Zhen-nan LU Ren-qi XU Xi-wei HE Deng-fa CAI Ming-gang LI Ying-qiang LUO Jia-hong 《地震地质》2019,41(4):944-959
The Pengxian blind fault is a typical active fault in the central Longmen Shan front belt. It has important reference value for understanding the growth mode and process of the eastern Tibetan plateau. Because the fault is covered by the thick Upper Cenozoic strata in the western Sichuan Basin, its three-dimensional spatial distribution, structural style and formation mechanism remain unclear. In this paper, based on several high-resolution 3-D seismic reflection profiles, together with near-surface geological data and borehole data, we investigate the structural geometry of the Pengxian blind fault and build a 3-D model based on the results. We analyze the shape and scale of underground spatial distribution of the fault through a three-dimensional fault model. According to the theory of fault-related fold and fold-accommodation fault, this paper discusses the forming mechanism of the Pengxian buried structures. The shallow tectonic deformation in front of Longmen Shan is closely related to the detachment layer of the Middle and Lower Triassic, and this detachment layer f1 horizontally propagates into the Longquanshan anticline in the western Sichuan Basin. The Pengxian buried fault is a typical fault-bend fold and the f1 horizontally propagates into the western Sichuan Basin with a fault slip of 3.5km. The Pengxian blind fault is a high angle(50°~60°)thrust fault developed in the front wing of the kink-band zone, striking NE-SW, with a total length of~50km; But the fault is not connected with the Dayi buried fault in the south section of Longmen Shan. They are two different faults, and this defines the scale of the Pengxian blind fault. This limitation makes sense for analyzing and evaluating the magnitudes of potential earthquake. All above study provides research basis for further analysis of the potential seismic risk in this area. The Pengxian blind fault is parallel to the anticlinal axis with small amount of offset as a fold-accommodation fault. We believe that the fault formation is related to the fold deformation of the fold front limb. The study reveals the geometry, kinematics and formation mechanism of the Pengxian active fault, and provides a basis for further analysis of fault activity and hazard. Therefore, there is little possibility of strong earthquakes at the Pengxian blind fault due to its formation mechanism of the fault which is generally characterized by fold deformation and shortening deformation. In this paper, we discuss the location of Pengxian blind fault in the middle of Longmen Shan and Sichuan Basin. Because the Pengxian buried structures are in the transition area, the shortening amount in Pengxian indicates that the absorption in the basin is quite limited. It reflects the blocking effect of Sichuan Basin. In the study, we find that the relationship between folds, faults and sediments is an important part of tectonic interpretation; the theory of fault-related fold and fold-accommodation fault is well used for analysis. This would have great significance for the study of structural deformation, which can help to build a three-dimensional model of fault. 相似文献
5.
榆木山北缘断裂的构造地貌特征与断层活动性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
构造地貌能反映断裂的结构变形特征和断层的活动强度。便如断层陡坎的高度、长度和坡度以及断层陡坎的连续程度。在这篇文章中，讨论了断层段内每个段落断层陡坎的F（C），F（D），F（LR），F（SR）值的特征。在这篇文章结尾，还讨论了冲洪积扇特征对以活动强度的反映。从地貌统计结果来看，发现在榆木山断裂的中间部位冲洪积扇体坡度最大，从中间向两侧中洪积扇扇体坡度呈减弱趋势。文中还给出了断层陡无坎变形的测量结果，冲洪积扇扇顶热释光年龄和断层滑动速度。从分析结果来看，榆木山北缘断裂可以细分为三段，东段（梨园小口子－排路口）、中段（排路口－芦泉河）和西段（芦泉河－李家山子）。 相似文献
6.
ACTIVE FAULTS AND THEIR FORMATION MECHANISM IN THE EAST SEGMENT OF QIULITAGE ANTICLINE BELT,KUQA DEPRESSION 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LI Sheng-qiang ZHANG Ling YANG Xiao-ping HUANG Wei-liang HUANG Xiong-nan YANG Hai-bo 《地震地质》2016,38(2):223-239
Based on geological and geomorphologic characteristics of the surface faults acquired by field investigations and subsurface structure from petroleum seismic profiles, this paper analyzes the distribution, activity and formation mechanism of the surface faults in the east segment of Qiulitage anticline belt which lies east of the Yanshuigou River and consists of two sub-anticlines:Kuchetawu anticline and east Qiulitage anticline. The fault lying in the core of Kuchetawu anticline is an extension branch of the detachment fault developed in Paleogene salt layer, and evidence shows it is a late Pleistocene fault. The faults developed in the fold hinge in front of the Kuchetawu anticline in a parallel group and having a discontinuous distribution are fold-accommodation faults controlled by local compressive stress. However, trenching confirms that these fold-accommodation faults have been active since the late Holocene and have recorded part of paleoearthquakes in the active folding zone. The fault developed in the south limb near the core of eastern Qiulitage anticline is a low-angle thrust fault, likely a branch of the upper ramp which controls the development of the eastern Qiulitage anticline. The faults lying in the south limb of eastern Qiulitage anticline are shear-thrust faults, which are developed in the steeply dipping frontal limb of the fault-propagation folds, and also characterized by group occurrence and discontinuous distribution. Several fault outcrops are discovered near Gekuluke, in which the Holocene diluvial fans are dislocated by these faults, and trench shows they have recorded several paleoearthquakes. The surface anticlines of rapid growth and associated accommodation faults are the manifestations of the deep faults that experienced complex folding deformation and propagated upward to the near surface, serving as an indicator of faulting at depth. The fold-accommodation faults are merely local deformation during the folding process, which are indirectly related with the deep faults that control the growth of folds. The displacement and slip rate of these surface faults cannot match the kinematics parameters of the deeper fault, which controls the development of the active folding. However, these active fold-accommodation faults can partly record paleoearthquakes taking place in the active folding zone. 相似文献
7.
地貌和新近系位错测量的方法是获得活动断裂在新近纪晚期以来可靠和准确的运动学数据的正确方法,本文结合遥感、地貌、变形测量与新近纪测年等手段,重点研究了伊犁盆地喀什河断裂中更新世以来的垂直活动速率.喀什河断裂在中更新世以来的新活动主要表现在河流阶地和地层的位错,综合研究了这些位错数据,分析了断裂各段在中更新世以来的活动速率,讨论了1812年尼勒克地震的平均位错反映断裂现今最新的活动速率,提供了喀什河断裂中更新世以来不同时期活动的定量数据,填补了天山内部新近纪晚期研究的部分空白,对现今地壳运动与地球动力学研究及减轻地质灾害有重要意义. 相似文献
8.
9.
大川-双石断裂位于龙门山前山断裂南段，因其在都江堰地区隐伏于岷江河流阶地之下，在一定程度上影响了对龙门山断裂带南段的地震危险性评价和发震能力评估。因此，掌握大川-双石断裂的地下分布特征和活动性，对都江堰城区的避灾规划和重大工程选址意义重大。本项研究在野外地质调查基础上，垂直断裂走向布设浅层地震反射剖面、高密度电阻率剖面和钻孔联合剖面。通过多种方法共同揭示了大川-双石断裂在都江堰地区的精确空间展布位置、近地表构造形态、上断点埋深及断裂活动性。大川-双石断裂在都江堰地区的岷江西岸阶地处隐伏通过，为逆断层，倾向NW，倾角在地表浅层为60°~70°，近地面为20°~30°；且破碎带向地面逐渐变浅变薄，上断点向上延伸至第四系灰褐色黏土层和棕黄色粗砂夹砾石层，埋深约3.5 m。上述研究表明大川-双石断裂在都江堰市区附近具有全新世活动特征。 相似文献
10.
11.
The Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault (FHF)is one of the most active faults of the northern Qilian thrust fault zone. The 1609 Hongyazi M7 1/4 earthquake occurred on the east segment of the FHF, an area with a complex geometry at the Mayinghe River site. The seismogenic pattern of this earthquake revealed by complex surface ruptures remains unclear. In this paper, we focus on active tectonic deformation around the Hujiatai anticline (HA)in the Mayinghe River site. Combining with topographic survey via dGPS across deformed terraces and alluvial fans, a field survey of the geological section across the HA, the characteristics of the active fold and several sub-faults were constrained. Meanwhile, combined with the seismic reflection profiles passing through the anticline, the correspondence relationship between surface expressions of this tectonic and the deep structure was discussed. According to our research, the HA is a result of northward propagation of the range-front thrust fault F1. At the same time, a thrust fault F2 with dextral strike-slip motion and a thrust fault F4 were formed on the east side and north side of the HA, respectively. These two active faults accommodated local deformation. Trench results and 14C dating reveal that the 1609 Hongyazi M7 1/4 earthquake ruptured the T1 terrace in the Huangcaoba site. Combined with previous field investigations and literature about the 1609 Hongyazi earthquake, we suggest that this earthquake occurred on the range-front fault F1, and the depth of the hypocenter may be about 8~22km. 相似文献
12.
Jia Rongguang Wang Zhicai Wang Jian Feng Zhize Liu Xi Zhai Zhenghong Zhu Jiany Jiang Zaofeng Wu Ziquan 《中国地震研究》2008,22(3):317-333
Buried faults in Weifang city and surrounding areas are studied with geophysical surveys such as shallow seismic survey and electrical exploration, and verified with engineering drilling. Six main faults are detected including the Yishul-Tangtou fault, Tangwu-Gegou fault, Hanting fault and Weixian fault, etc. The latest active age is determined by OSL, TL and ESR dating techniques. No active fault has been found so far in the Weifang urban area. Our results provide a scientific basis for land use and urban planning. 相似文献
13.
to the practice of urban active fault exploration and associated fault activity assessment conducted in recent years, this paper summarizes the problems encountered in geological, geomorphological, geochemical and geophysical surveys, and proposes the following means and suggestions to solve these problems. To determine the most recent faults or fault zones, emphasis should be placed on identifying the youngest active faults and offset geomorphology. To understand the history of faulting and to discover the latest offset event, it is suggested that geophysical prospecting, drilling and trenching be conducted on one pro/de. Because of significant uncertainties in late Quaternary dating, we advise systematic sampling and the use of multiple dating methods. Shallow seismic reflection has been proven to be the most useful method in urban active fault exploration. However, there is a pressing need to increase the quality of data acquisition and processing to obtain high resolution images so as to enhance our ability to identify active faults. The combination of seismic P-wave reflection and S-wave reflection methods is proved to be a powerful means to investigate the tectonic environments of the deep crust. 相似文献
14.
NEW DISCOVERY OF RESHUI-TAOSTUO RIVER FAULT IN DULAN,QINGHAI PROVINCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LI Zhi-min REN Zhi-kun LIU Jin-rui HA Guang-hao LI Zheng-fang WANG Bo WANG Lin-jian 《地震地质》1979,42(1):18-32
The 40km-long, NEE trending Reshui-Taostuo River Fault was found in the southern Dulan-Chaka highland by recent field investigation, which is a strike-slip fault with some normal component. DEM data was generated by small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)on key geomorphic units with resolution<0.05m. Based on the interpretation and field investigation, we get two conclusions:1)It is the first time to define the Reshui-Taostuo River Fault, and the fault is 40km long with a 6km-long surface rupture; 2)There are left-handed dislocations in the gullies and terraces cut by the fault. On the high-resolution DEM image obtained by UAV, the offsets are(9.3±0.5) m, (17.9±1.5) m, and(36.8±2) m, measured by topographic profile recovery of gullies. The recovery measurements of two terraces present that the horizontal offset of T1/T0 is(18.2±1.5) m and the T2/T1 is (35.8±2) m, which is consistent with the offsets from gullies. According to the historical earthquake records, a M5 3/4 earthquake on April 10, 1938 and a MS5.0 earthquake on March 21, 1952 occurred at the eastern end of the surface rupture, which may be related to the activity of the fault. By checking the county records of Dulan and other relevant data, we find that there are no literature records about the two earthquakes, which is possibly due to the far distance to the epicenter at that time, the scarcity of population in Dulan, or that the earthquake occurred too long ago that led to losing its records. The southernmost ends of the Eastern Kunlun Fault and the Elashan Fault converge to form a wedge-shaped extruded fault block toward the northwest. The Dulan Basin, located at the end of the wedge-shaped fault block, is affected by regional NE and SW principal compressive stress and the shear stress of the two boundary faults. The Dulan Basin experienced a complex deformation process of compression accompanying with extension. In the process of extrusion, the specific form of extension is the strike-slip faults at each side of the wedge, and there is indeed a north-east and south-west compression between the two controlling wedge-shaped fault block boundary faults, the Eastern Kunlun and Elashan Faults. The inferred mechanism of triangular wedge extrusion deformation in this area is quite different from the pure rigid extrusion model. Therefore, Dulan Basin is a wedge-shaped block sandwiched between the two large-scale strike-slip faults. Due to the compression of the northeast and southwest directions of the region, the peripheral faults of the Dulan Basin form a series of southeast converging plume thrust faults on the northeast edge of the basin near the Elashan Fault, which are parallel to the Elashan Fault in morphology and may converge with the Elashan Fault in subsurface. The southern marginal fault of the Dulan Basin(Reshui-Taostuo River Fault)near the Eastern Kunlun fault zone is jointly affected by the left-lateral strike-slip Eastern Kunlun Fault and the right-lateral strike-slip Elashan Fault, presenting a left-lateral strike-slip characteristic. Meanwhile, the wedge-shaped fault block extrudes to the northwest, causing local extension at the southeast end, and the fault shows the extensional deformation. These faults absorb or transform the shear stress in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. Therefore, our discovery of the Dulan Reshui-Taostuo River Fault provides important constraints for better understanding of the internal deformation mode and mechanism of the fault block in the northeastern Tibetan plateau.
The strike of Reshui-Taostuo River Fault is different from the southern marginal fault of the Qaidam Basin. The Qaidam south marginal burial fault is the boundary fault between the Qaidam Basin and the East Kunlun structural belt, with a total length of ~500km. The geophysical data show that Qaidam south marginal burial fault forms at the boundary between the positive gravity anomaly of the southern East Kunlun structural belt and the negative gravity anomaly gradient zone of the northern Qaidam Basin, showing as a thrust fault towards the basin. The western segment of the fault was active at late Pleistocene, and the eastern segment near Dulan County was active at early-middle Pleistocene. The Reshui-Taostuo River Fault is characterized by sinistral strike-slip with a normal component. The field evidence indicates that the latest active period of this fault was Holocene, with a total length of only 40km. Neither remote sensing image interpretation nor field investigation indicate the fault extends further westward and intersects with the Qaidam south marginal burial fault. Moreover, it shows that its strike is relatively consistent with the East Kunlun fault zone in spatial distribution and has a certain angle with the burial fault in the southern margin of Qaidam Basin. Therefore, there is no structural connection between the Reshui-Taostuo River Fault and the Qaidam south marginal burial fault. 相似文献
15.
Influence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on earthquake occurrence trend of active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Wenchuan earthquake coseismic deformation field is inferred from the coseismic dislocation data based on a 3-D geometric model of the active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. Then the potential dislocation displacement is inverted from the deformation field in the 3-D geometric model. While the faults' slip velocities are inverted from GPS and leveling data, which can be used as the long-term slip vector. After the potential dislocation displacements are projected to long-term slip direction, we have got the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The results show that the northwestern segment of Longmenshan fault, the southern segments of Xianshuihe fault, Anninghe fault, Zemuhe fault, northern and southern segments of Daliangshan fault, Mabian fault got earthquake risks advanced of 305, 19, 12, 9.1 and 18, 51 years respectively in the eastern part of Sichuan and Yunnan. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault, Nujiang fault, Longling-Lancang fault, Nantinghe fault and Zhongdian fault also got earthquake risks advanced in the western part of Sichuan-Yunnan region. Whereas the northwestern segment of Xianshuihe fault and Xiaojiang fault got earthquake risks reduced after the Wenchuan earthquake. 相似文献
16.
巴彦浩特断裂位于阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯地块相互作用的边界构造带上,其晚第四纪活动特征和古地震数据对全面理解贺兰山周边区域地震构造和地震危险性具有重要意义,为此在研究相对薄弱的巴彦浩特断裂北段开展了断错地貌和古地震槽探研究。观测显示巴彦浩特断裂阿拉善左旗以北段以右旋走滑活动为主兼具逆倾滑,断层西盘相对抬升,在浅表形成半正花状构造组合。年代（56.28±4.04）~（82.2±5.78）ka的冲洪积地貌面上冲沟断错137 m,并在东侧形成断塞塘地貌,估计断层右旋走滑速率为1.67~2.43 mm/a。探槽揭示了3次具有显著地表逆倾滑破裂的强震事件,时间分别为（56.28±4.04）~（55.33±3.04）、（32.79±2.22）~（13.76±1.1）、（13.76±1.1）~（7.86±0.43）ka,逆倾滑量分别为0.44、0.35、0.29 m。与前人在巴彦浩特断裂南段的古地震研究进行对比,可知这3次古地震可能仅为部分事件记录。结合已有研究成果建立了贺兰山周边区域地震构造模型,贺兰山西侧右旋走滑的巴彦浩特断裂强震发震能力不容忽视,贺兰山两侧盆地不同性质断裂系共同构成了阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯地块的活动边界构造带。 相似文献
17.
城市活断层探测中的浅层地震勘探方法 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对大量地震灾害的研究表明，地震发生时，位于地表活动断层上的房屋或构筑物的破坏最严重，尤其是20世纪90年代后期美国北岭地震，日本阪神地震和中国台湾集集大地震等的发生后，世界许多国家的政府和地震科学家都清楚地认识到城市活断层探测与研究的重要性和急迫性，城市活断层的探测对于城市规划，抗震设防，减轻地震对城市设施的破坏都具有重要的现实意义，浅层高分辨地震勘探是城市活断层探测手段中最有效，最可靠的方法之一，可以在地表探测到地下活断层的位置，埋深，产状和空间展布情况，但由于城市环境的强干扰背景和场地条件的复杂性，必须针对实际情况，在观测系统，震源，数据采集环境的强干扰背景和场地条件的复杂性，必须针对实际 情况，在观测系统，震源，数据采集和处理方法等环节中，采用一系列提高分辨率， 提高信噪比的有效方法，才能取得可靠的探测成果，本文对城市活断层探测中的浅层地震勘探方法的技术难点和相应的解决方法进行了讨论，并结合我们近几年来在城市开展浅层地震勘探的一些经验，介绍一些实用性的浅层地震勘探工作方法。 相似文献
18.
Geologic evidence for late Quaternary repetitive surface faulting on the Isurugi fault along the northwestern margin of the Tonami Plain,north‐central Japan 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Our detailed field investigation, paleoseismic trenching, and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived topographic data provides the first direct evidence for late Quaternary repetitive surface faulting on the northeast‐striking Isurugi fault along the northwestern margin of the Tonami Plain in the Hokuriku region of north‐central Japan. This fault has been interpreted previously by different researchers as both inactive and active, owing to a lack of geologic evidence and a failure to identify fault‐related geomorphic features. Our mapping of LiDAR topography revealed a series of northeast‐trending warped fluvial terraces, about 1.5 km long and 170 m wide, with an age of ≤ 29 ka. We interpreted these geomorphologic features to represent an active pop‐up structure bounded to the southeast by the northwest‐dipping main thrust of the Isurugi fault and to the northwest by a southeast‐dipping backthrust that splays off the main thrust in the shallow subsurface. Paleoseismic trenching across the northwestern part of an elongate terrace exposed a series of southeast‐dipping backthrusts and associated northwest‐verging monoclines. The deformation and depositional age of the strata provide evidence for repetitive surface rupturing on the backthrusts since the latest Pleistocene; the latest of these events occurred in the Holocene between about 4.0 and 0.9 ka. Despite the poor preservation of the surface expression of the Isurugi fault, repetitive scarp‐forming faulting in the late Quaternary and the proximity of the Oyabe River and its tributaries to the fault trace suggest that there may be an extension of the Isurugi fault to the northeast and southwest beneath the Tonami Plain that makes the fault long enough to generate a large earthquake (Mw ≥ 6.8) accompanied by surface rupture. 相似文献
19.
珠江三角洲地区新构造运动 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
概述了珠江三角洲地区新构造运动的基本特征：晚第三纪以来的构造运动经历了由强逐渐减弱，晚更新世（约50－30Ka B.P)又重新增强的演变。重点估算了晚第四纪珠江三角洲断块垂直构造运动速率，定量分析了分割断块的断裂构造的活动性。认为斗门断块区和广州－番禺断块区这两个次级断块构造以及围限它们的广州－从化断裂，三水－罗浮断裂，西江断裂，白坭－沙湾断裂的活动性相对较强。从区域地震构造而言 ，珠江三角洲新构造运动远弱于日本－琉球－台湾岛弧，也弱于奥东潮汕和桂东南灵山等强震危险区。但由于其震源浅及松软土层较厚，加上本区经济发达，人口稠密，因此地震造成的破坏和损失仍不可低估，必须加强抗震减灾工作。 相似文献
20.
以所建立的川滇地区主要活动块体及其周边断裂带的模型和前期利用GPS及水准资料反演所得到的断裂带长期运动速率作为基础,将汶川地震引起的同震错动量加入到三维断裂几何模型中,计算出汶川地震大范围的同震形变场,然后基于该同震形变场和活动断裂三维几何模型反演了各条断裂对该同震形变场的反映,并通过与各断裂带长期运动速率对比,得到了汶川地震对川滇地区各主要活动断裂带发震趋势的影响．结果表明,在汶川地震引起的同震形变场作用下,在川滇交界东部地区,龙门山断裂带南西段地震危险性提前了305a,鲜水河断裂带南东段大致提前了19a,安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带分别提前了21a和12a,大凉山断裂带北段和南段分别提前了9.1a和18a,马边断裂带的地震危险性则提前了51a;对川滇交界西部的丽江——小金河断裂带南西段、怒江断裂带、龙陵——澜沧断裂带、南汀河断裂带、中甸断裂带等断裂带地震的能量积累也有促进作用;相反在鲜水河断裂带北西段、小江断裂带等历史地震频发的断裂带上,地震危险性具有一定的减速作用． 相似文献