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1.
长波长、低起伏度大凉山构造带新生代隆升剥露与建造过程是解译青藏高原东向扩展过程的关键核心地区之一.本文基于大凉山构造带喜德剖面和沐川剖面9件样品的多封闭系统低温热年代学年龄(即磷灰石(U-Th)/He(AHe)、磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)和锆石(U-Th)/He(ZHe))定年,揭示出多封闭系统热年代学年龄与古岩性柱深度具有明显的正相关性,即伴随古岩性柱深度增大,多封闭系统热年代学年龄明显减小.喜徳剖面多封闭系统低温热年代学AHe、AFT和ZHe年龄值分别为7—9Ma、14—22Ma和25—38Ma;沐川剖面多封闭系统低温热年代学AHe和AFT年龄值分别为10—26Ma、23—85Ma,ZHe年龄值为未完全退火年龄.多封闭系统热年代学和QTQt热史模拟揭示,大凉山构造带喜徳和沐川剖面岩性柱所有样品都经历大致相似的三阶段热演化过程,尤其是晚新生代快速隆升剥露阶段(30—20 Ma以来),其平均剥露速率分别为~0.15mm·a-1和~0.20mm·a-1,抬升剥露量分别为~3.0km和~1.5km.结合区域低温热年代学特征的大凉山构造带地表隆升动力学模型,揭示出重力均衡作用下地壳缩短与剥露作用(即构造隆升剥露机制)控制形成了现今大凉山造山带长波长、低起伏和高海拔地貌建造过程. 相似文献
2.
本文通过背斜褶皱变形与低温热年代学年龄(磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He、磷灰石裂变径迹)端元模型研究,约束低起伏度、低斜率地貌特征的四川盆地南部地区新生代隆升剥露过程.四川盆地南部沐川和桑木场背斜地区新生代渐新世-中新世发生了相似的快速隆升剥露过程(速率为~0.1 mm/a、现今地表剥蚀厚度1.0~2.0 km),反映出盆地克拉通基底对区域均一性快速抬升冷却过程的控制作用.川南沐川地区磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄值为~10-28.6 Ma, 样品年龄与古深度具有明显的线性关系,揭示新生代~10-30 Ma以速率为0.12±0.02 mm/a的稳态隆升剥露过程.桑木场背斜地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为~36-52 Ma,古深度空间上样品AFT年龄变化不明显(~50 Ma)、且具有相似的径迹长度(~12.0 μm).磷灰石裂变径迹热演化史模拟表明桑木场地区经历三个阶段热演化过程:埋深增温阶段(~80 Ma以前)、缓慢抬升冷却阶段(80-20 Ma)和快速隆升剥露阶段(~20 Ma-现今),新生代隆升剥露速率大致分别为~0.025 mm/a和~0.1 mm/a.新生代青藏高原大规模地壳物质东向运动与四川盆地克拉通基底挤压,受板缘边界主断裂带差异性构造特征控制造就了青藏高原东缘不同的边界地貌特征. 相似文献
3.
日喀则弧前盆地的埋藏和剥蚀历史——来自低温热年代学的约束 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
日喀则弧前盆地紧邻印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞带,研究其剥蚀历史对理解印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞对造山带剥蚀的影响具有重要意义。文中利用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)及锆石和磷灰石的(U-Th)/He(ZHe和AHe)年龄数据,结合已发表的低温热年代数据探讨日喀则弧前盆地的热演化和剥露历史。日喀则弧前盆地磷灰石裂变径迹年龄存在明显的南北差异,南部磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为74～44Ma,对应的剥蚀速率为0. 03～0. 1km/Ma,剥蚀量≤2km;北部磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为27～15Ma,剥蚀速率为0. 09～0. 29km/Ma,但缺失早新生代的热演化历史。而磷灰石的(U-Th)/He年龄表明15Ma BP之后日喀则弧前盆地整体呈现一致的剥露历史。低温热年代数据表明日喀则弧前盆地南部自新生代以来尽管受到印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞及后期断层活动的影响,海拔由海平面抬升至4. 2km,但一直保持缓慢的剥蚀,表明高原隆升并未直接促使该地区的岩石剥蚀速率加快,这与快速剥蚀即代表造山带开始隆升的假设不相符。此外,日喀则弧前盆地北部的低温热年代学研究表明晚渐新世—早中新世Kailas盆地仅发育于日喀则弧前盆地与冈底斯造山带之间的狭长地带,并在短期内经历了快速的埋藏和剥露。 相似文献
4.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(3)
天山造山带晚古生代以来的隆升剥露过程与带内矿床形成后的保存潜力密切相关.本文报道了新的角闪石/斜长石Ar-Ar年龄和锆石/磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄,为重建南天山中段地区欧西达坂岩体完整的构造-热演化历史提供年代学基础,结合前人研究成果分析了冷却速率及剥蚀速率变化特征,对南天山中段晚古生代以来的热演化历史及隆升剥蚀历史进行了探讨.同位素定年结果显示,角闪石Ar-Ar坪年龄为(382.6±3.6)Ma,斜长石Ar-Ar加权平均年龄为(265.8±4.9)Ma,锆石与磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄分别为(185.8±4.3)和(31.1±2.9)Ma.热演化历史及模拟结果表明,南天山中段地区晚古生代至今的构造-热演化历史可以大致分为5个阶段:(1)志留纪末至晚泥盆世岩体平均冷却速率约7.84℃/Myr;(2)晚泥盆世至中二叠世末期,岩体的平均冷却速率约2.07℃/Myr;(3)中二叠世末到始新世中期岩体平均冷却速率降至0.68℃/Myr,此期间总体地质运动较为平缓;(4)新生代始新世期间(约46~35Ma)南天山中段地区发生了一期快速隆升剥蚀事件,岩体冷却速率突升至5.00℃/Myr,剥蚀量达到1.83km,平均剥蚀速率0.17mm/a;(5)始新世中期(约35Ma)至今,平均冷却速率约为1.14℃/Myr,隆升速度仍然较快,剥蚀量约为1.33km,平均剥蚀速率约0.04mm/a.新生代以来天山的剧烈隆起抬升受控于印亚碰撞的远程效应,远程作用在天山的响应具有一定的滞后效应. 相似文献
5.
现代的天山山脉是在古生代造山基础上,于新生代强烈抬升而形成.其新生代造山和隆升过程,造就了现今的天山地貌格局.本文选取西南天山作为研究区域,采用河床砂岩屑裂变径迹测年分析,从统计角度限定西南天山的隆升-剥露过程.样品采集于特克斯河支流阿克雅孜河、夏特河、木扎河以及特克斯河干流的沉积河床.磷灰石裂变径迹测试和统计分析表明,存在代表源区热史演化不同阶段的年龄峰值.尽管不同样品的年龄众数分布有少许差别,颗粒年龄众数的去褶积分析获得了西南天山山体新生代冷却的三个基本一致的阶段：6~8 Ma,12~19 Ma以及32~40 Ma.结合山脉隆起的地质地貌模型,无论是整体抬升或掀斜抬升,以及压扭性背景的花状挤出抬升,根据磷灰石裂变径迹封闭温度推断的抬升量与现今天山高度基本相当的事实,都可以确认西南天山山体是6~8 Ma以来形成的.天山这三期快速抬升冷却事件与青藏高原及其周边的主要隆升时期有较好的对应,证明了天山隆升和印度-欧亚板块碰撞远程效应的关系.另外,6~8 Ma的冷却事件与沉积地层学研究揭示的6 Ma左右的气候显著变化相互印证,显示了研究区域山脉隆升和气候变化之间存在的密切关系. 相似文献
6.
天山是中亚造山带重要组成部分,其中-新生代构造热演化及隆升剥露史研究是认识中亚造山带构造变形过程与机制的关键.本文应用磷灰石(U-Th)/He技术重建中天山南缘科克苏河地区中-新生代构造热演化及隆升剥蚀过程.磷灰石(U-Th)/He数据综合解释及热演化史模拟表明该地区至少存在晚白垩世、早中新世、晚中新世3期快速隆升剥蚀事件,起始时间分别为~90Ma、~13Ma及~5Ma,且这3期隆升剥蚀事件在整个天山地区具有广泛的可对比性.相对于磷灰石裂变径迹,磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄记录了中天山南缘地质演化史中更新和更近的热信息,即中天山在晚中新世(~5 Ma)快速隆升剥蚀,其剥蚀速率为~0.47mm·a~(-1),剥蚀厚度为~2300m.总体上,中天山科克苏地区隆升剥蚀起始时间从天山造山带向昭苏盆地(由南向北)逐渐变老,表明了中天山南缘隆升剥蚀存在不均一性,并发生了多期揭顶剥蚀事件. 相似文献
7.
本文通过峨眉山基底卷入构造带低温热年代学(磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹、锆石(U-Th)/He)研究,结合典型构造-热结构特征诠释峨眉山晚中-新生代冲断扩展变形与热年代学耦合性.峨眉山磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)和锆石(U-Th)/He(ZHe)年龄值分别为4~30Ma和16~118Ma.ZHe年龄与海拔高程关系揭示出ZHe系统抬升剥蚀残存的部分滞留带(PRZ).低温热年代学年龄与峨眉山构造分带性具有明显相关性特征:万年寺逆断层上盘基底卷入构造带AFT年龄普遍小于10Ma,万年寺逆断层下盘扩展变形带AFT年龄普遍大于10 Ma;且空间上AFT年龄与断裂带具有明显相关性,它揭示出峨眉山扩展变形带中新世晚期以来断层冲断缩短构造活动.低温热年代学热史模拟揭示峨眉山构造带晚白垩世以来的多阶段性加速抬升剥蚀过程,基底卷入构造带岩石隆升幅度大约达到7~8km,渐新世以来抬升剥蚀速率达0.2~0.4mm·a-1,其新生代多阶段性构造隆升动力学与青藏高原多板块间碰撞过程及其始新世大规模物质东向扩展过程密切相关. 相似文献
8.
天山中新世早期快速剥露：磷灰石裂变径迹与（U-Th）／He低温热年代学证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天山造山带新生代剥露过程与构造演化历史一直是国内外地学界关注的热点．本文联合运用磷灰石裂变径迹（AFT）和（u—Th）／He（AHe）低温热年代学技术,重建了新疆天山巴仑台剖面基岩山体的热演化历史,分析了剥露速率的变化特征,结合前人研究成果进一步探讨了新生代天山地区剥露作用过程的基本特点．结果表明,巴仑台剖面磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄集中在40～60Ma,（U—Th）／He年龄为10～40Ma;裂变径迹时间一温度史模拟结果表明巴仑台地区中新世早期以来剥露作用明显增速,剥露速率由之前的〈30mMa-1增大为〉1001TIMa-1;基于AFT与AHe年龄,利用年龄～封闭温度法以及矿物对法计算得到的剥露速率也表明该地区新生代剥露作用自中新世早期开始加速,并且在晚中新世剥露作用进一步增强．本文所揭示的快速剥露过程也存在于天山造山带其他地区．从整个天山造山带来看,开始于中新世早期的快速剥露是新生代天山地区一次重要的剥露作用过程． 相似文献
9.
安徽省黄山山体的隆升与剥露 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用裂径迹技术研究黄山地质公景区隆升与剥露历史,揭示其演机.所获8个磷灰石裂径迹分析结,具有56,45～30和15Ma3个年龄组,与区内约85～50,45～30和24～5Ma形成多级古剥蚀面构造隆升剥蚀作用有关.景区曾经历3个阶段热演化历史,80Ma前第1阶段和13Ma后第2阶段冷却较快,从早到晚冷却慢速率分别为2.69,0.62和4.23℃/Myr;隆升速率分别为0.08,0.02和0.12mm/a;隆升幅度分别为1.14,1.57和4.00km.不同地段差异隆升明显,累计隆升幅度为4060～3950,3760～3490,3190～3070和2650m4个量级;地表隆升幅度化于450～2230m之间.区内平均剥蚀量为2340m,平均隆升量3400m,二者之差1060m是现在平均高程. 相似文献
10.
大别山区域低温剥露作用: 基于(U-Th)/He和裂变径迹年代学数据的模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大别山高温剥露作用研究已相当成熟, 而白垩纪特别是晚白垩世以来的区域低温剥露研究还比较薄弱, 低温年代学即是解决这一问题的重要途径之一. 本文依据大别山现有岩浆岩与变质岩的磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He数据, 综合考虑热传导、热对流、地形及放射性热产生等因素对地温场造成的影响, 应用Mancktelow法和Braun法, 系统地对整个区域的低温年代学测年结果进行剥露速率计算, 获得了大别山白垩纪以来尤其是晚白垩世以来的剥露速率等值线图以及区域差异剥露趋势. 大别山白垩纪以来天堂寨地区及郯庐断裂带南部剥露速率(0.08~ 0.10 km/Ma)大于大别山其他地区(0.04~0.07 km/Ma). 这种区域差异剥露可能与NNE向断裂系区域差异走滑引发的构造推隆作用有关. 相似文献
11.
BURIAL AND EXHUMATION OF THE XIGAZE FORE-ARC BASIN FROM LOW TEMPERATURE THERMOCHRONOLOGICAL EVIDENCE 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Xigaze fore-arc basin is adjacent to the Indian plate and Eurasia collision zone. Understanding the erosion history of the Xigaze fore-arc basin is significant for realizing the impact of the orogenic belt due to the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The different uplift patterns of the plateau will form different denudation characteristics. If all part of Tibet Plateau uplifted at the same time, the erosion rate of exterior Tibet Plateau will be much larger than the interior plateau due to the active tectonic action, relief, and outflow system at the edge. If the plateau grows from the inside to the outside or from the north to south sides, the strong erosion zone will gradually change along the tectonic active zone that expands to the outward, north, or south sides. Therefore, the different uplift patterns are likely to retain corresponding evidence on the erosion information. The Xigaze fore-arc basin is adjacent to the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Its burial, deformation and erosion history during or after the collision between the Indian plate and Eurasia are very important to understand the influence of plateau uplift on erosion.
In this study, we use the apatite fission track(AFT)ages and zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He(ZHe and AHe)ages, combined with the published low-temperature thermochronological age to explore the thermal evolution process of the Xigaze fore-arc basin. The samples' elevation is in the range of 3 860~4 070m. All zircon and apatite samples were dated by the external detector method, using low~U mica sheets as external detectors for fission track ages. A Zeiss Axioskop microscope(1 250×, dry)and FT Stage 4.04 system at the Fission Track Laboratory of the University of Waikato in New Zealand were used to carry out fission track counting. We crushed our samples finely, and then used standard heavy liquid and magnetic separation with additional handpicking methods to select zircon and apatite grains.
The new results show that the ZHe age of the sample M7-01 is(27.06±2.55)Ma(Table 2), and the corresponding AHe age is(9.25±0.76)Ma. The ZHe and AHe ages are significantly smaller than the stratigraphic age, indicating suffering from annealing reset(Table 3). The fission apatite fission track ages are between(74.1±7.8)Ma and(18.7±2.9)Ma, which are less than the corresponding stratigraphic age. The maximum AFT age is(74.1±7.8)Ma, and the minimum AFT age is(18.7±2.9)Ma. There is a significant north~south difference in the apatite fission track ages of the Xigaze fore-arc basin. The apatite fission track ages of the south part are 74~44Ma, the corresponding exhumation rate is 0.03~0.1km/Ma, and the denudation is less than 2km; the apatite fission track ages of the north part range from 27 to 15Ma and the ablation rate is 0.09~0.29km/Ma, but it lacks the exhumation information of the early Cenozoic. The apatite(U-Th)/He age indicates that the north~south Xigaze fore-arc basin has a consistent exhumation history after 15Ma.
The results of low temperature thermochronology show that exhumation histories are different between the northern and southern Xigaze fore-arc basin. From 70 to 60Ma, the southern Xigaze fore-arc basin has been maintained in the depth of 0~6km in the near surface, and has not been eroded or buried beyond this depth. The denudation is less than the north. The low-temperature thermochronological data of the northern part only record the exhumation history after 30Ma because of the young low-temperature thermochronological data. During early Early Miocene, the rapid erosion in the northern part of Xigaze fore-arc basin may be related to the river incision of the paleo-Yarlungzangbo River. The impact of Great Count Thrust on regional erosion is limited. The AHe data shows that the exhumation history of the north-south Xigaze fore-arc basin are consistent after 15Ma. In addition, the low-temperature thermochronological data of the northern Xigaze fore-arc basin constrains geographic range of the Kailas conglomerate during the late Oligocene~Miocene along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. The Kailas Basin only develops in the narrow, elongated zone between the fore-arc basin and the Gangdese orogenic belt.
The southern part of the Xigaze fore-arc basin has been uplifted from the sea level to the plateau at an altitude of 4.2km, despite the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian continent and the late fault activity, but the plateau has been slowly denuded since the early Cenozoic. The rise did not directly contribute to the accelerated erosion in the area, which is inconsistent with the assumption that rapid erosion means that the orogenic belt begins to rise. 相似文献
12.
江南隆起位于扬子与华夏地块的碰撞汇聚带,是研究华南大地构造演化的关键地质单元.本文采用磷灰石裂变径迹及(U-Th-Sm)/He年龄分布特征定性分析与径迹长度分布数据定量模拟相结合,主要研究了幕阜山岩体新生代的隆升与剥蚀过程,并在此基础上结合区域构造背景, 对其构造-热演化之间的关系进行了探讨.自晚白垩世持续隆升以来,幕阜山岩体经历的平均剥蚀厚度约4800 m.在不同岩体间,隆升过程及幅度存在差异,空间上具有非均匀性.热史结果显示幕阜山岩体经历了3期剥蚀, 其中两期快速剥蚀分别发生在晚白垩世-古近纪(80~50 Ma)和10 Ma以来,而这之间为一期缓慢剥蚀过程.研究区古近纪的快速剥蚀反映了中-下扬子喜山期大规模伸展断陷作用造成的肩部块体快速剥蚀事件; 约10 Ma以来的快速剥蚀是对太平洋板块向西运动的响应.幕阜山岩体自燕山晚期以来的隆升剥蚀作用具有良好的盆地沉积响应, 三期隆升剥蚀事件与研究区构造演化的动力学背景相吻合. 相似文献
13.
低温热年代学数据是一个与热历史过程紧密相关的资料类型,与高温年代学不同,低温热年代学表观年龄本身在很多情况下没有直接的地质意义.当且仅当样品线性持续冷却的情况下,表观年龄才可以被直接解释为样品经过其封闭温度的大致时间.因此,只有结合地质约束通过对低温热年代学数据进行热历史模拟才能更好地揭示其所蕴含的地质信息.对川东北地... 相似文献
14.
根据低温热年代学数据,提取岩石从深部剥露到地表的信息,对理解诸多地质问题(如造山带演化、地表过程及其相互作用等)具有重要意义.本文提出一种基于岩石温度历史(可利用古温标、热年代计等方法制约),并考虑剥露过程对地温场扰动的剥露历史反演计算方法.基于假定的与真实数据的正反演模拟和参数敏感性分析表明:热扩散率的变化对剥蚀量计算影响不大,在常规岩石热扩散率变化范围内(20～35km2/Ma),总剥蚀量变化小于10%;传统计算方法低估了剥蚀总量,对于现今地温梯度小于20℃/km、冷却速率大于2～3℃/Ma,或现今地温梯度大于30℃/km、冷却速率大于5～10℃/Ma的地区,需要考虑热平流对剥蚀量计算的影响;匀速冷却的热历史指示剥蚀速率持续减小,而非匀速剥蚀.本文将该方法应用到龙门山南段和四川盆地,反演计算显示龙门山南段15Ma以来的剥蚀总量为8km,四川盆地中部80Ma以来剥蚀总量约为3km、东部约5km. 相似文献
15.
鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘处于渭北隆起、晋西挠褶带和东秦岭造山带的转折地带,构造位置独特,演化历史复杂.本文选取东缘韩城地区和南缘东秦岭洛南地区上三叠统延长组为研究对象,采集6件砂岩样品进行锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹分析,对关键构造-热事件提供热年代学约束,恢复盆地东南缘不同构造带的热演化史,深化对盆地东南部油气资源赋存条件的认识,以期实现油气勘探的新突破.研究表明韩城和洛南地区的抬升冷却史存在明显差异.磷灰石裂变径迹年龄表现为从南到北减小的趋势.东缘韩城剖面磷灰石裂变径迹记录51.6~66.3 Ma、33 Ma两次抬升冷却的峰值年龄.南缘洛南剖面锆石裂变径迹年龄和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分别记录89~106 Ma和59~66 Ma的冷却抬升年龄.洛南地区抬升冷却时间较早,剥蚀速率(106m/Ma)大于韩城地区(68m/Ma),且持续时间长.磷灰石裂变径迹(Apatite Fission Track,AFT)热史模拟显示,晚中生代,受燕山运动的影响,东秦岭地区发生强烈的构造岩浆事件,洛南地区热演化程度明显高于韩城地区.洛南剖面的热演化主要受岩浆活动的控制,韩城剖面为埋藏增温型.鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘的裂变径迹年龄格局基本受控于白垩纪以来的抬升冷却事件. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,(3)
The thermal history of the Jiaodong region and adjacent provinces(Shandong and northern Jiangsu) have been extensively studied,particularly by apatite fission track(AFT) dating.However,the AFT ages from surface outcrops range broadly and do not show an apparent relationship between age and elevation.This work provides a multiple low temperature thermochronological dataset including zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He ages(ZHe and AHe),and AFT ages from a 1000-m-deep borehole at the Jiaojia goldneld in the northwest of Jiaodong Peninsula.ZHe,AFT and AHe ages range from-100-70,-85-50and-65-50 Ma,respectively.These data conform to the principles of age vs.closure temperature and age vs.elevation and thus can be employed to estimate the exhumation history.Based on the density histogram of fission track length calculation,thermal history modeling,and previously published AFT ages from the Chinese Continental Science Drill program,this work concludes that compared to the AFT ages from surface outcrops,the low temperature thermochronological ages from the boreholes show a better relationship between age,elevation and closure temperature,and the age becomes younger with increasing depth.In addition,the exhumation history in the Jiaodong and adjacent areas can be divided into two distinct stages:a short,rapid tectonic exhumation(~100-95 Ma) and a long,slow exhumation since 95 Ma.The rate and amount of tectonic exhumation since 95 Ma are inferred as ~30 m Ma~(-1) and ~3 km,respectively. 相似文献
17.
Spatial distribution of the apatite fission‐track ages in the Toki granite,central Japan: Exhumation rate of a Cretaceous pluton emplaced in the East Asian continental margin 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Takashi Yuguchi Shigeru Sueoka Hideki Iwano Tohru Danhara Masayuki Ishibashi Eiji Sasao Tadao Nishiyama 《Island Arc》2017,26(6)
The Cretaceous Toki granitic pluton of the Tono district, central Japan was emplaced in the East Asian continental margin at about 70 Ma. The Toki granite has apatite fission‐track (AFT) ages ranging from 52.1 ±2.8 Ma to 37.1 ±3.6 Ma (number of measurements, n = 33); this indicates the three‐dimensional thermal evolution during the pluton's low‐temperature history (temperature in the AFT partial annealing zone: 60–120 °C). The majority of the Toki granite has a spatial distribution of older ages in the shallower parts and younger ages in the deeper parts, representing that the shallower regions arrived (were exhumed) at the AFT closure depth earlier than the deeper regions. Such a cooling pattern was predominantly constrained by the exhumation of the Toki granitic pluton and was related to the regional denudation of the Tono district. The age–elevation relationships (AERs) of the Toki granite indicate a fast exhumation rate of about 0.16 ±0.04 mm/year between 50 Ma and 40 Ma. The AFT inverse calculation using HeFTy program gives time‐temperature paths (t–T paths), suggesting that the pluton experienced continuous slow cooling without massive reheating since about 40 Ma until the present day. A combination of the AERs and AFT inverse calculations represents the following exhumation history of the Toki granite: (i) the fast exhumation at a rate of 0.16 ±0.04 mm/year between 50 Ma and 40 Ma; (ii) slow exhumation at less than 0.16 ±0.04 mm/year after 40 Ma; and (iii) exposure at the surface prior to 30–20 Ma. The Tono district, which contains the Toki granite, underwent slow denudation at a rate of less than 0.16 ±0.04 mm/year within the East Asian continental margin before the Japan Sea opening at 25–15 Ma and then within the Southwest Japan Arc after the Japan Sea opening, which is in good agreement with representative denudation rates obtained in low‐relief hill and plain fields. 相似文献