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太湖流域重污染区主要水污染物总量控制 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
太湖流域产业、人口集聚,水环境污染已经成为整个太湖流域经济可持续发展的制约因素之一,为解决经济发展引起的环境问题,对污染物排放实行总量控制至关重要.为此以太湖流域梅梁湾、竺山湾上游集水区域(重污染区)为研究区域,全面调查区域社会经济、产业结构、土地利用以及各类污染源现状,构建重污染区套网格水文、水质数学模型,计算区域水环境容量与污染物削减量,依据水功能区划与水域面积分配到各镇(街道),确定重污染区以镇(街道)级为基本单位的分阶段总量控制目标,制订主要污染物控制与负荷削减综合系统方案,提出2015年各类污染源重点工程措施,方案实施后区域河网水质平均达标率达80%,为太湖流域水环境管理提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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Coupling fuzzy-chance constrained program with minimax regret analysis for water quality management 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Y. P. Li N. Zhang G. H. Huang J. Liu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(7):1769-1784
Mathematical modeling technique plays an important role for regionalization assessment of integrated economy and environment problems, resulting in provision of decision makers with break-through insights and risk-informed strategies. However, such a planning effort is complicated with a variety of uncertain and dynamic factors as well as their interactions. In this study, a fuzzy-chance constrained programming (FCP) method is firstly developed for addressing uncertainties characterized as fuzzy sets and random variables and, then, minimax regret (MMR) analysis technique is advanced to determine desired alternative that can reflect compromises between maximized system benefit and minimized system-failure risk. FCP coupled with MMR is applied to a real-case study of water quality management through optimizing chemical industry activities of the New Binhai District, an economically and industrially fast growing region in the center of northern China. Modeling formulation can analyze interactions among criteria of industry layout, economic benefit, pollution mitigation, and water quality security. Solutions for planning the water quality management have been generated, reflecting that there is trade-off among industrial structure, environmental protection, and economic development. 相似文献
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流域生态学与太湖流域防洪、治污及可持续发展 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
在评述流域生态学中的水文、湖沼、生态系统、景观、生态经济和生态管理等主要研究内容和复合生态系统、河流连续统、生态交错带、等级系统、格局－尺度－过程、信息系统等概念理论以及流域自然过程、生物功能、系统结构、生态环境、流域生态管理等流域生态学热点问题的基础上，总结分析了太湖流域防洪、治污及可持续发展与流域生态学的关系，指出流域生态学在太湖流域的流域开发、环境治理、区域可持续发展等实践方面起着越来越重要的指导作用，有必要开发深入研究。 相似文献
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工业污染作为重要的污染源,了解工业污染的行业结构组成以及企业污染状况对污染减排以及水环境保护具有重要作用.2015年国家出台的"水污染防治行动计划"明确提出,要通过产业结构调整狠抓工业污染减排.千岛湖作为国家级战略水源地,被列入国家良好湖库保护战略首批试点,评价千岛湖地区的工业污染行业结构对制定工业行业调整方案和企业管理制度具有重要的意义.选取千岛湖流域下游行政区淳安县为研究区,采用不同工业行业的180家主要排污企业,在工业行业污染结构分析的基础上,选取经济贡献、污染产生强度和治理水平三方面的关键指标,运用聚类分析法对行业和企业进行综合类型划分.结果表明:在涉及CODMn排放的19类工业行业中纺织业、饮料制造业和金属制品业为支柱产业,饮料制造业和纺织业为主要污染行业,现状工业行业结构存在一定的结构性污染问题;结合不同行业和企业的经济贡献、污染物产生强度以及治理效率的综合分析,将行业划分为6类,并根据各类型特点提出重点发展、鼓励发展、限制发展的行业优化策略;企业划分为4类,并提出重点支持、鼓励、限制发展以及逐渐关停的企业监管策略.通过对工业行业和企业的分类与评价可为其它地区提供借鉴,同时有利于为"水污染防治行动计划"的落实提供技术方法指导. 相似文献
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With the reform and opening to the outer world, Datian has become a new industrial county from an agricultural one. With the development of industry, most of the waste water from the factories, families, farms is poured into the river without being disposed. The water in the county is being polluted. Mining in large scale and the cutting down of forests has caused soil erosion and destruction of the water system. In order to harmonize the economic development and the environment, this essay will make comments on the destruction of the water system in the county of Datian caused by the pollution and soil erosion, and put forth some protection measures and recovering plans. 相似文献
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在投入产出综合平衡模型的基础上，在充分考虑珠江三角洲地区资源的条件下，结合该区未来经济发展的战略目标，建立了宏观经济发展的动态递推模型。利用该模型，借助系统优化算法，对珠江三角洲地区宏观经济的发展作出了最优规划，对该区未来的震害提出了最佳的恢复方案。由震害所致间接经济损失的系统分析，是结合原发展规划方案的对投资结构、产业结构作出的动态分析，可作为未来珠江三角洲地区产业的调整、投资、方向的改变，以主 相似文献
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太湖流域制造业结构变化对水环境演变的影响分析——以苏锡常地区为例 总被引：26，自引：10，他引：26
改革开放以来，太湖流域社会经济发展非常迅速，经济结构变动剧烈，相应水环境质量也发生了明显的改变。本文首先分析了太湖流域制造业的变化过程，并讨论了制造业总量及结构变化与废水排放之间的相互关系。着重讨论了重点污染行业结构变化与废水排放变化的对应关系，并提出了太湖流域水环境保护对策，以及今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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云南星云湖水质变化及其人文因素驱动力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
星云湖目前存在水污染加重、富营养化进程加快、水体功能受损等问题.以星云湖为研究对象,根据星云湖2005-2015年的水质数据、社会经济统计数据和遥感影像图,运用目视解译、叠加分析、污染足迹模型及主成分分析法,分析了星云湖流域近10年以来水质变化趋势、入湖河流污染物污染足迹及其人文因素驱动力.结果表明:(1)水质数据趋势表明,从月变化看,3月份水质最好,9月份水质最差;从年变化看,2005-2015年间,2008年水质状况最好,2014年的水质状况最差,从2008-2014年水质持续变差,到2015年好转.(2)2015年有机物、氮和磷的污染足迹分别为583.26、705.88和494.11 km~2.污染足迹前4位的入湖河流依次为:大街河东西大河东河渔村河东西大河西河,占星云湖流域总污染足迹的66.21%.污染程度大的大街河、东西大河和渔村河周边土地利用类型为水田、旱地和村庄.(3)星云湖水质影响因素第1主成分(总人口、播种面积、农村人口、化肥使用量、农膜使用量、大牲畜存栏量)与农村生活和农业面源污染有关;第2主成分(人均GDP、第一产业产值、第二产业产值、第三产业产值)与社会经济发展有关.因此,星云湖流域水质变化的人文因素驱动力为农村生活和农业面源污染类和社会经济发展类,其中第1主成分的贡献率是84.389%,农村生活和农业面源污染是水质变化的主要驱动力. 相似文献
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Hellen Kezia Silva Almada Divino Vicente Silvério Marcia Nunes Macedo Leonardo Maracahipes-Santos Elizabete Carolina Pinheiro Zaratim Karina Pinheiro Zaratim 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(5):620-632
Water quality in streams is determined by several factors, including geology, topography, climate, and anthropogenic changes. This study aimed to assess the effects of watershed physical, morphology, and precipitation seasonality on the water quality of two streams that supply drinking water to rural settlements and urban areas in the Cerrado-Amazonia transition region. We monitored 16 physico-chemical attributes of water at six different sample locations over three years (2013–2016). Our results indicate that eight of these physico-chemical attributes did not meet the standards for safe drinking water established by Brazilian legislation. Precipitation seasonality, degradation of riparian zones, stream length, and watershed slope were the most important predictors of impaired water quality. Our results highlight the importance of restoring and conserving riparian forests in order to maintain drinking water quality. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2017
The article examines how heads of farmers’ households perceive the socioeconomic benefits of Lake Ziway (Ethiopia), the causes of its current degradation, and the state of land and water use management in its watershed. The investigation was based on in-depth empirical field work including a survey with 635 heads of smallholder farmers’ households via interview using semi-structured questionnaires. Further, water abstraction was estimated from three districts that border with the lake. Respondents believe that Lake Ziway provides a number of individual and collective benefits for local communities, private companies and public institution. They stated, however, that the lake is under pressure from the floriculture industry and other investment projects, high population growth and subsequent expansion of settlements and irrigation farms, high applications of agrochemicals, soil erosion, uncontrolled water abstraction, and deforestation in the watershed. The respondents further believe that these activities are degrading the lake water quality, shrinking its water volume and decreasing its fish population. After examining government’s efforts to address these activities, the majority of respondents believe that the government role in the whole watershed is weak. This study contributes to better understand the local socio-ecological coherences and the problems Lake Ziway and its watershed are facing. It also provides information regarding long-term sustainable land and water use planning strategies for the lake and management of its watershed, which could also be applied to other lakes in Ethiopia, and beyond. 相似文献
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Regional patterns of postwildfire streamflow response in the Western United States: The importance of scale‐specific connectivity 
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下载免费PDF全文 Dennis W. Hallema Ge Sun Kevin D. Bladon Steven P. Norman Peter V. Caldwell Yongqiang Liu Steven G. McNulty 《水文研究》2017,31(14):2582-2598
Wildfires can impact streamflow by modifying net precipitation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, snowmelt, and hillslope run‐off pathways. Regional differences in fire trends and postwildfire streamflow responses across the conterminous United States have spurred concerns about the impact on streamflow in forests that serve as water resource areas. This is notably the case for the Western United States, where fire activity and burn severity have increased in conjunction with climate change and increased forest density due to human fire suppression. In this review, we discuss the effects of wildfire on hydrological processes with a special focus on regional differences in postwildfire streamflow responses in forests. Postwildfire peak flows and annual water yields are generally higher in regions with a Mediterranean or semi‐arid climate (Southern California and the Southwest) compared to the highlands (Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Northwest), where fire‐induced changes in hydraulic connectivity along the hillslope results in the delivery of more water, more rapidly to streams. No clear streamflow response patterns have been identified in the humid subtropical Southeastern United States, where most fires are prescribed fires with a low burn severity, and more research is needed in that region. Improved assessment of postwildfire streamflow relies on quantitative spatial knowledge of landscape variables such as prestorm soil moisture, burn severity and correlations with soil surface sealing, water repellency, and ash deposition. The latest studies furthermore emphasize that understanding the effects of hydrological processes on postwildfire dynamic hydraulic connectivity, notably at the hillslope and watershed scales, and the relationship between overlapping disturbances including those other than wildfire is necessary for the development of risk assessment tools. 相似文献
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With the excessive development of social economy, water scarcity and water environment deterioration become a common phenomenon in metropolis. As a crucial component of urban water environment system, urban lake is mainly influenced by social economic system and tourism system. In this paper, a framework for quantitatively evaluating development sustainability of urban lake was established by a multi-objective model that represented water ecological carrying capacity (WECC). And nine key indicators including population, irrigation area, tourist quantity, the average number of hotel daily reception, TP, TN, CODMn, BOD5 were chosen from urban social-economy system and natural resilience aspects, with their index weight was determined by using the Structure Entropy Weight method. Then, we took Wuhan East Lake, the largest urban lake in China as a case study, and selected five time sections including 2002, 2004, 2007, 2009 and 2012 to synthetically evaluate and comparatively analyze the dynamic change of WECC. The results showed that: firstly, the water ecological carrying capacity values of the East Lake in five time sections were 1.17, 1.07, 1.64, 1.53 and 2.01 respectively, which all exceeded 1 and increased fluctuation. The rapid growth of population and GDP lead to sharply increasing demand for water quantity. However, a large amount of the domestic sewage and industrial waste led by economic development increases pressure on ecological environment of urban lakes. Secondly, the carrying capacity of the East Lake for tourist activities was still low. The value in 2012 was only 0.22, keeping at a slowly increasing phase, which indicates that the East Lake has large opportunity and space for developing the water resource carrying capacity and could make further efforts to attract tourists. Moreover, the WECC of the East Lake was mainly affected by rapid social and economic development and water environment damage caused by organic pollutants. From the view of urban water sustainable management, we must deeply recognize the reality that water shortages and the limited carrying capacity, and dynamic assessment of WECC provides an early warning approach and control direction of water environment. For the East Lake, it is the primary target to mitigate the carrying capacity of social-economy, especially for prevention of lake area encroachment shrinking and domestic wastewater discharge. 相似文献
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Assessing and regulating the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LI Zhi LIU WenZhao ZHANG XunChang & ZHENG FenLi College of Resources Environment Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University Yangling China 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(5)
Climate change can cause considerable changes in water resources and assessing the potential impacts can provide important information for regional sustainable development. The objectives were to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change during 2010-2039 on water resources (runoff, soil water content, and evapotranspiration) in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China and to further explore adaptive measures to cope with the changes. Projections of four climate models (CCSR/NIES, CGCM2, CSIRO... 相似文献
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湖泊水资源持续损失已经成为影响半干旱地区经济社会发展的主要问题之一.然而，由于缺少长期连续的湖泊动态监测数据，该地区湖泊水资源损失过程及其与气候变化和经济社会发展之间的关系没有得到详细的评估.针对此问题，本文以位于半干旱地区的岱海为研究对象，利用改进型归一化差异水体指数从1986—2020年258景Landsat遥感影像中提取湖泊水体边界，结合湖泊水位数据，重建了近60 a岱海水资源量动态变化过程.结果表明：1961—2019年期间，岱海急剧萎缩，湖泊水量共减少9.88×108 m3.同时水量变化趋势分段函数拟合结果表明，岱海水量变化可分为3个阶段：1961—1978年，水量损失速率为0.726×107 m3/a的缓慢损失阶段；1979—2004年，水量损失速率为2.10×107 m3/a的快速损失阶段；2005—2019年，水量损失速率为3.39×107 m3/a的加速损失阶段.相关分析表明：岱海水量损失与流域经济社会发展密切相关.其中，改革开放后流域农业开发利用规模和强度的提高是导致岱海水量损失的主要原因；“西部大开发”战略实施后工业经济的兴起则加速了岱海水量的损失.据此，本研究建议干旱半干旱地区湖泊流域经济社会的发展应与其水资源承载力相协调. 相似文献
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Chin-yu LEE 《国际泥沙研究》2004,19(2)
To recognize the geographical characteristics of the landslide areas will be helpful for the watershed management in the reservoir watershed.According to the quantitative analysis,we'll take different scores and weighting for the potential parameters of the landslide areas in the Tsengwen reservoir watershed,and in the meanwhile,we'll extract the different factors,including the slope,aspect,altitude,soil and geological textures etc.,and the results shown as maximum one-day rainfall,ratio of forests and average relief is the most affecting parameters on the potential risk map of landslide areas. 相似文献
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Jianzhi NIU Xinxiao YU Zhiqiang ZHANG Yutao ZHAO 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(4):292-303
Preferential flow is the ordinary phenomenon of rapid and non-equilibrium transport of water and solutes occurring in most soil. It causes latent pollution of ground and surface waters and affects runoff yield and flow concentration. This paper studies preferential flow for a dark coniferous ecosystem in the upper reach area of the Yangtze River, establishes a classification for the preferential flow and discusses types of preferential flow with a soil column experiment using a homemade apparatus and dye-tracer analysis. The preferential flow is mainly unsaturated gravitational flow in the upper layer of the slope deposit for mature forest soil, which is dominated by a wetness front, and the flow gradually transforms to macroporous flow as the soil layer deepens. The observed preferential flow in the young, middle-aged and over-mature forests that have grown on glacial lateral moraines is macroporous flow. The purpose of this research is to analyze systemically the behavior of soil water movement for a dark coniferous forest ecosystem in the upper reach area of the Yangtze River and to provide a theoretical basis for effective watershed management. 相似文献
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