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1.
为研究介质非均匀性与地震活动的关系,编制开发了模型可定制的二维细胞自动机模拟软件。针对软件设计中出现的非均匀断层结构模型的建立、系统模拟数据记录结构设计以及内存管理等问题,提出了解决方案。改善了模拟系统所需的几种关键算法,使研究人员能根据需要灵活设定模型的介质参数。并利用内存管理技术,在一定程度上解决了大型模拟系统中普遍存在的硬件瓶颈问题,从而提高了细胞自动机模拟系统的适应性。 相似文献
2.
Finite Element Analysis of Fault Bend Influence on Stick-Slip Instability along an Intra-Plate Fault
— Earthquakes have been recognized as resulting from stick-slip frictional instabilities along the faults between deformable rocks. A three-dimensional finite-element code for modeling the nonlinear frictional contact behaviors between deformable bodies with the node-to-point contact element strategy has been developed and applied here to investigate the fault geometry influence on the nucleation and development process of the stick-slip instability along an intra-plate fault through a typical fault bend model, which has a pre-cut fault that is artificially bent by an angle of 5.6° at the fault center. The numerical results demonstrate that the geometry of the fault significantly affects nucleation, termination and restart of the stick-slip instability along the intra-plate fault, and all these instability phenomena can be well simulated using the current finite-element algorithm. 相似文献
3.
传统三维大地电磁各向异性模拟均是基于规则六面体网格,计算精度有限且较难拟合复杂地质条件.本文采用面向目标自适应非结构矢量有限元法,对三维大地电磁各向异性介质进行模拟.首先从电场双旋度方程出发,利用伽辽金方法建立变分方程;然后利用电流密度连续性条件构建适合大地电磁各向异性问题的加权后验误差估计方法,实现面向目标的网格自适应正演;最后通过典型算例分析各向异性对网格自适应和大地电磁响应的影响特征以及各向异性的识别方法.本文算法能够高精度地拟合起伏地表和任意各向异性介质,适用于分析复杂地电条件大地电磁响应特征,为提高大地电磁资料解释水平提供了理论基础. 相似文献
4.
穿越逆冲断层的埋地管道非线性反应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
穿越逆冲断层的埋地管道在地震作用下,容易发生局部屈曲或整体失稳等形式的破坏,研究逆冲断层作用下的埋地管道地震反应规律,对管道抗震设计及施工等具有重要的意义。本文将埋地管线及周围土体从半无限地球介质中取出,分别以空间薄壳单元和实体单元进行离散,采用非线性接触力学方法模拟管、土之间的滑移、分离及闭合现象;采用线性位移加载模拟断层的错动,考虑了系统初始应力状态的影响,对土体未开裂前的管土相互作用系统进行了拟静力数值分析;分析了位错量、土体刚度、埋设深度、径厚比及跨越角度对埋地管道反应的影响,得出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
5.
海洋地震频繁且海底土体环境复杂,当地震导致断层土体发生永久变形后,穿越断层的海底埋地管道也将受迫发生变形。为确定变形后的管道能否正常工作,需根据实际工况对其进行应变响应预测。首先通过有限元计算软件ABAQUS建立管道与走滑断层的三维实体模型,模拟管-土间的接触作用并通过等效边界方法修正模型,得到管道局部屈曲破坏形式及应变分布情况。然后,通过调整有限元模型参数对断层交角、管道工作内压、管道径厚比对管道极限塑性应变的影响进行敏感性分析,定性分析不同敏感性因素对穿越走滑断层海底管道应变响应的影响。最后,在数值模拟数据的基础上通过MATLAB软件利用基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络实现对管道应变响应的精确预测。结果表明:穿越走滑断层管道在发生局部屈曲时,可根据轴向压缩应变突变现象确定管道局部屈曲时对应的断层位移,并且断层交角、管道工作内压和管道径厚比都会对跨断层管道应变响应产生影响。 相似文献
6.
基于ABAQUS软件平台,建立穿越断层的管道、有压液体及周围土体的三维有限元模型,分别在静力荷载作用和地震作用下,对不同运动形式断层（走滑断层、正断层、逆断层）中的管道进行模拟,并对管道内有无有压液体进行对比分析。分别得到管道在静力荷载作用下和地震作用下空管道与有压管道的变形特征,将其进行对比分析,得到管道内液体的质量和压力在静力荷载作用及地震荷载作用下对管道的不同影响。结果表明：在静力荷载作用下管道内液体的质量和压力提高了管道的抗变形能力,使管道更安全;而在地震作用下管道内液体的质量和压力削弱了管道的抗变形能力,使管道更容易被破坏。 相似文献
7.
本文以构造应力场观测结果、 岩石圈流变特性为约束, 采用摩擦接触单元反映断裂带空间分段特征, 以最接近真实地下环境的非线性黏弹性材料为模型的本构关系, 建立包括安宁河—则木河—小江断裂带的三维有限元模型, 模拟在速度边界条件和重力势能等动力因素共同作用下的断裂带应力分布特性. 研究结果表明, 模拟得到的断裂带现今构造应力场与地震活动有明显的对应关系, 应力比较集中的区域, 如石棉、 西昌、 巧家、 东川附近, 极有可能是未来的地震危险区域. 相似文献
8.
A review of the LATEX project: mesoscale to submesoscale processes in a coastal environment 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Anne A. Petrenko Andrea M. Doglioli Francesco Nencioli Marion Kersalé Ziyuan Hu Francesco d’Ovidio 《Ocean Dynamics》2017,67(3-4):513-533
The main objective of the LAgrangian Transport EXperiment (LATEX) project was to study the influence of coastal mesoscale and submesoscale physical processes on circulation dynamics, cross-shelf exchanges, and biogeochemistry in the western continental shelf of the Gulf of Lion, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. LATEX was a five-year multidisciplinary project based on the combined analysis of numerical model simulations and multi-platform field experiments. The model component included a ten-year realistic 3D numerical simulation, with a 1 km horizontal resolution over the gulf, nested in a coarser 3 km resolution model. The in situ component involved four cruises, including a large-scale multidisciplinary campaign with two research vessels in 2010. This review concentrates on the physics results of LATEX, addressing three main subjects: (1) the investigation of the mesoscale to submesoscale processes. The eddies are elliptic, baroclinic, and anticyclonic; the strong thermal and saline front is density compensated. Their generation processes are studied; (2) the development of sampling strategies for their direct observations. LATEX has implemented an adaptive strategy Lagrangian tool, with a reference software available on the web, to perform offshore campaigns in a Lagrangian framework; (3) the quantification of horizontal mixing and cross-shelf exchanges. Lateral diffusivity coefficients, calculated in various ways including a novel technique, are in the range classically encountered for their associated scales. Cross-shelf fluxes have been calculated, after retrieving the near-inertial oscillation contribution. Further perspectives are discussed, especially for the ongoing challenge of studying submesoscale features remotely and from in situ data. 相似文献
9.
本文将面向目标的自适应算法应用于三维大地电磁数值模拟.使用基于非结构网格的矢量有限单元法对起伏地表大地电磁正演模拟问题进行求解.使用利用垂向电流密度在物性界面上的连续性对后验误差进行估算的算法指导网格优化.由于全局自适应算法针对观测点优化网格的能力较差,本文通过求解正演问题的对偶问题计算后验误差的加权系数,并对相关加权系数进行改进,从而实现了面向目标的自适应算法.与传统基于结构化网格的电磁正演算法相比,采用非结构网格能够更好地拟合起伏地表和地下不规则异常体.由于使用了面向目标的自适应算法,本文能够使用更少的网格达到较高的计算精度.通过对比本文模拟结果与半空间响应和全局自适应算法计算结果,并通过对比使用改进前和改进后加权系数得到的网格剖分结果验证了本文算法的有效性. 相似文献
10.
Mehmet Aktas Galip Aydin Andrea Donnellan Geoffrey Fox Robert Granat Lisa Grant Greg Lyzenga Dennis McLeod Shrideep Pallickara Jay Parker Marlon Pierce John Rundle Ahmet Sayar Terry Tullis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(11-12):2281-2296
We describe the goals and initial implementation of the International Solid Earth Virtual Observatory (iSERVO). This system is built using a Web Services approach to Grid computing infrastructure and is accessed via a component-based Web portal user interface. We describe our implementations of services used by this system, including Geographical Information System (GIS)-based data grid services for accessing remote data repositories and job management services for controlling multiple execution steps. iSERVO is an example of a larger trend to build globally scalable scientific computing infrastructures using the Service Oriented Architecture approach. Adoption of this approach raises a number of research challenges in millisecond-latency message systems suitable for internet-enabled scientific applications. We review our research in these areas. 相似文献
11.
Jay Parker Gregory Lyzenga Charles Norton Cinzia Zuffada Margaret Glasscoe John Lou Andrea Donnellan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(3-4):497-521
GeoFEST (Geophysical Finite Element Simulation Tool) is a two- and three-dimensional finite element software package for the modeling of solid stress and strain in geophysical and other continuum domain applications. It is one of the featured high-performance applications of the NASA QuakeSim project. The program is targeted to be compiled and run on UNIX systems, and is running on diverse systems including sequential and message-passing parallel systems. Solution to the elliptical partial differential equations is obtained by finite element basis sampling, resulting in a sparse linear system primarily solved by conjugate gradient iteration to a tolerance level; on sequential systems a Crout factorization for the direct inversion of the linear system is also supported. The physics models supported include isotropic linear elasticity and both Newtonian and power-law viscoelasticity, via implicit quasi-static time stepping. In addition to triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral and hexahedral continuum elements, GeoFEST supports split-node faulting, body forces, and surface tractions. This software and related mesh refinement strategies have been validated on a variety of test cases with rigorous comparison to analytical solutions. These include a box-shaped domain with imposed motion on one surface, a pair of strike slip faults in stepover arrangement, and two community-agreed benchmark cases: a strike slip fault in an enclosing box, and a quarter-domain circular fault problem. Scientific applications of the code include the modeling of static and transient co- and post-seismic earth deformation, Earth response to glacial, atmospheric and hydrological loading, and other scenarios involving the bulk deformation of geologic media. 相似文献
12.
三维地震断层动力破裂的显式并行有限元解法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文在近场波动有限元的基础上,根据断层动力破裂的摩擦模型,详细地推导出了断层面节点在破裂的不同时刻的计算公式,提出了一种模拟断层动力破裂的显式并行有限元方法,利用此方法,可以模拟断层的破裂过程、地表破裂及由此产生的地面运动。 相似文献
13.
Burbey TJ 《Ground water》2008,46(2):202-211
A 62 day controlled aquifer test was conducted in thick alluvial deposits at Mesquite, Nevada, for the purpose of monitoring horizontal and vertical surface deformations using a high-precision global positioning system (GPS) network. Initial analysis of the data indicated an anisotropic aquifer system on the basis of the observed radial and tangential deformations. However, new InSAR data seem to indicate that the site may be bounded by an oblique normal fault as the subsidence bowl is both truncated to the northwest and offset from the pumping well to the south. A finite-element numerical model was developed using ABAQUS to evaluate the potential location and hydromechanical properties of the fault based on the observed horizontal deformations. Simulation results indicate that for the magnitude and direction of motion at the pumping well and at other GPS stations, which is toward the southeast (away from the inferred fault), the fault zone (5 m wide) must possess a very high permeability and storage coefficient and cross the study area in a northeast-southwest direction. Simulated horizontal and vertical displacements that include the fault zone closely match observed displacements and indicate the likelihood of the presence of the inferred fault. This analysis shows how monitoring horizontal displacements can provide valuable information about faults, and boundary conditions in general, in evaluating aquifer systems during an aquifer test. 相似文献
14.
传统大型多道地震物理模拟系统缺乏对地震灾情场景的图像直观整合,可观赏效果差。设计基于GIS的地震灾情场景计算机在线模拟系统,从系统层次划分以及软件实现两方面完成地震灾情场景的在线模拟,系统由数据层、逻辑层和应用层构成。利用逻辑层中灾情场景生成模块自动整合功能,依据研究地区的GIS数据及其开发部件的底层支持,构建建筑物的三维像素点集合模型,实现灾后场景构建;通过地震动场判定和三维坐标转换,构建灾后场景。实验结果表明,所设计的系统模拟地震灾情场景图像最低误差均值仅为3.4,观赏性好,系统功能及性能满足实际需求。 相似文献
15.
Marian Anghel Yehuda Ben-Zion Ramiro Rico-Martinez 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(9-10):2023-2051
— We present a method of constructing low-dimensional nonlinear models describing the main dynamical features of a discrete 2-D cellular fault zone, with many degrees of freedom, embedded in a 3-D elastic solid. A given fault system is characterized by a set of parameters that describe the dynamics, rheology, property disorder, and fault geometry. Depending on the location in the system parameter space, we show that the coarse dynamics of the fault can be confined to an attractor whose dimension is significantly smaller than the space in which the dynamics takes place. Our strategy of system reduction is to search for a few coherent structures that dominate the dynamics and to capture the interaction between these coherent structures. The identification of the basic interacting structures is obtained by applying the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to the surface deformation fields that accompany strike-slip faulting accumulated over equal time intervals. We use a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) architecture for the identification of the system dynamics projected onto the subspace (model space) spanned by the most energetic coherent structures. The ANN is trained using a standard back-propagation algorithm to predict (map) the values of the observed model state at a future time, given the observed model state at the present time. This ANN provides an approximate, large-scale, dynamical model for the fault. The map can be evaluated once to provide a short-term predictions or iterated to obtain a prediction for the long-term fault dynamics. 相似文献
16.
欲从热红外辐射中找到构造活动与地震活动的信息 ,需要考虑 2个基本问题 ,即大气的影响和地表热红外辐射的稳定场。通过以下方面的工作尝试对上述问题进行了研究 :1 )提出了地表亮度温度及年变基准场的概念。 2 )利用NOAA卫星 2 0年的观测资料 ,文中在获得地表亮温 (LSBT)的基础上 ,借用分离窗方法和小波分析方法 ,提取了中国地表亮温的年变基准场 ,为进一步分析异常场打下了基础。计算表明 ,大气的影响一般在± 1 0K范围内 相似文献
17.
本研究通过反演241,561条纵波和209,363条横波高质量的地震走时数据,获得了鲜水河、安宁河断裂带的P波、S波以及泊松比的三维结构模型,并结合相位分析与Schuster测试讨论了该断裂带上地震事件的触发与其深部构造以及固体潮所产生的应力变化三者之间的关系.结果表明,鲜水河—安宁河断裂带26.5°N、28°N、29.5°N以及31.5°N四个位置附近存在低速、高泊松比异常,可能暗示着深部流体(包括部分熔融物质)的上涌.这些大范围分布的流体提高了孕震层的孔隙流体压力,削弱了断层面之间摩擦力,在鲜水河—安宁河断裂带形成了一些具有高度地震活动性的区域.此外,相位分析与Schuster测试的结果表明,鲜水河—安宁河断裂带附近的地震触发与固体潮剪切应力的变化密切相关.综合分析的结果表明,固体潮与构造应力对地震触发可能存在某种“合”的关系.在分布着大量流体的区域,地震事件可能对固体潮更加敏感. 相似文献
18.
由于航空电磁具有海量数据,因此快速有效的成像和反演手段至关重要.本文针对层状介质模型推导与实现了广义模型约束条件下时间域航空电磁一维反演.从正则化反演的目标函数出发,通过改变模型约束项构造Lp范数反演和聚焦反演,进而通过改变模型求解域构造出基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演.针对不同反演方法目标函数的构建方式,本文进一步从数学原理上分析不同反演方法的预期效果,并通过理论模型和实测数据进行验证.结果表明L0.8范数反演、聚焦反演和基于小波变换的稀疏约束反演可以得到更符合地下层状介质陡变界面的反演结果. 相似文献
19.
Hydroacoustic contributions to understanding the December 26th 2004 great Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake
Within the era of modern digital-recording, the December 26th 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake represents an event of unprecedented scale. Hydroacoustic observations have made significant contributions toward our understanding of this great rupture and serve to reiterate the potential use of tertiary (T) waves as a tool in tsunami warning. Small-aperture arrays of hydrophones operated by the International Monitoring System (IMS) recorded the seismically generated, water-borne T-wave within the Indian Ocean. Due to the velocity structure of the oceanic water column, T-wave propagation is both slower and more efficient than radiation within the solid earth. This results in a relatively large amplitude signal that arrives within a time window distinct from the more complex and overlapping pattern of solid earth seismic phases. Hydroacoustic analysis has constrained the rupture length of the fault to be ~1,200 km and the duration on the order of 8 min, with 2–3 phases exhibiting progressively decreasing rupture velocity. These data also indicate that aftershock rates in the first hours following the mainshock correlate with spatial variability in the sourced T-wave amplitude, with far fewer events along the northern section of the main rupture. Although IMS stations telemeter data in near real time, data access for scientists was restricted due to the provisions of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. The swift dissemination of data will be critical in using hydroacoustic methods to assess the magnitude and tsunamigenic potential of future events. 相似文献
20.
We present a simplified method to simulate strong ground motion for a realistic representation of a finite earthquake source burried in a layered earth. This method is based on the stochastic simulation method of Boore (Boore, D. M., 1983, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 73, 1865–1894) and the Empirical Greens Function (EFG) method of Irikura (Irikura, K., 1986, Proceedings of the 7th Japan Earthquake symposium, pp. 151–156). The rupture responsible for an earthquake is represented by several subfaults. The geometry of subfaults and their number is decided by the similarity relationships. For simulation of ground motion using the stochastic simulation technique we used the shapping window based on the kinetic source model of the rupture plane. The shaping window deepens on the geometry of the earthquake source and the propagation characteristics of the energy released by various subfaults. The division of large fault into small subfaults and the method for accounting their contribution at the surface is identical to the EGF. The shapping window has been modified to take into account the effect of the transmission of energy released form the finite fault at various boundaries of the layered earth model above the source. In the present method we have applied the correction factor to adjust slip time function of small and large earthquakes. The correction factor is used to simulate strong motion records having basic spectral shape of 2 source model in broad frequency range. To test this method we have used the strong motion data of the Geiyo earthquake of 24th March 2001, Japan recorded by KiK network. The source of this earthquake is modelled by a simple rectangular rupture of size 24 × 15 km, burried at a depth of 31 km in a multilayered earth model. This rupture plane is divided into 16 rectangular subfaults of size 6.0 × 3.75 km each. Strong motion records at eight selected near-field stations were simulated and compared with the observed records in terms of the acceleration and velocity records and their response spectrum. The comparison confirms the suitability of proposed rupture model responsible for this earthquake and the efficacy of the approach in predicting the strong motion scenario of earthquakes in the subduction zone. Using the same rupture model of the Geiyo earthquake, we compared the simulated records from our and the EGF techniques at one near-field station. The comparison shows that this technique gives records which matches in a wide frequency range and that too from simple and easily accessible parameters of burried rupture. 相似文献