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1.
The observation of the fault-zone trapped waves was conducted using a seismic line with dense receivers across surface rupture zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake. The fault zone trapped waves were separated from seismograms by numerical filtering and spectral analyzing. The results show that: a) Both explosion and earthquake sources can excite fault-zone trapped waves, as long as they locate in or near the fault zone; b) Most energy of the fault-zone trapped waves concentrates in the fault zone and the amplitudes strongly decay with the distance from observation point to the fault zone; c) Dominant frequencies of the fault-zone trapped waves are related to the width of the fault zone and the velocity of the media in it. The wider the fault zone or the lower the velocity is, the lower the dominant frequencies are; d) For fault zone trapped waves, there exist dispersions; e) Based on the fault zone trapped waves observed in Kunlun Mountain Pass region, the width of the rupture plane is deduced to be about 300 m and is greater than that on the surface. 相似文献
2.
The observation of the fault-zone trapped waves was conducted using a seismic line with dense receivers across surface rupture
zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake. The fault zone trapped waves were separated from seismograms by numerical filtering and spectral
analyzing. The results show that: a) Both explosion and earthquake sources can excite fault-zone trapped waves, as long as
they locate in or near the fault zone; b) Most energy of the fault-zone trapped waves concentrates in the fault zone and the
amplitudes strongly decay with the distance from observation point to the fault zone; c) Dominant frequencies of the fault-zone
trapped waves are related to the width of the fault zone and the velocity of the media in it. The wider the fault zone or
the lower the velocity is, the lower the dominant frequencies are; d) For fault zone trapped waves, there exist dispersions;
e) Based on the fault zone trapped waves observed in Kunlun Mountain Pass region, the width of the rupture plane is deduced
to be about 300 m and is greater than that on the surface.
Foundation item: Joint Earthquake Science Foundation of China (201001).
Contribution No. RCEG200305, Research Center of Exploration Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
3.
利用横跨地表破裂带的小点距的地震测线, 对2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级地震进行了断层围陷波的观测实验. 经过数字滤波和频谱分析等技术, 由地震记录图中分离出了断层围陷波. 资料处理结果表明: ① 无论是人工地震震源还是天然地震震源, 只要位于断层带内或紧靠断层带, 均能激发断层围陷波; ② 断层围陷波的能量主要集中于断层带内, 其振幅随测点与断层带距离的增加而急剧衰减; ③ 断层围陷波的优势频率与断层的宽度及断层带内介质的速度有关, 断层带越宽, 或断层带内部介质速度越低, 则观测到的断层围陷波的优势频率越低; ④ 断层围陷波存在着频散现象; ⑤ 根据昆仑山口西地震测线断层围陷波的观测结果, 可推断该处破裂面宽度为300 m左右, 远远大于地表破裂带的宽度. 相似文献
4.
利用交错网格有限差分方法对昆仑山断裂带人工爆破产生的围陷波进行了三维数值模拟解释.为提高断裂带最终模型的可信度，在围陷波模拟的同时考虑了人工爆破记录的三个分量.对昆仑山断裂带围陷波的模拟结果表明，影响围陷波特性的断裂带深度主要在10 km以内.S波速度和断裂带宽度对围陷波的到时、频率、振幅和相位影响较大.数值模拟解释获得的昆仑山断裂带的细结构参数是：浅部断裂带宽度为300 m，深部为250 m；深度在400 m以上断裂带内S波速度为098 km/s，外部围岩S波速度为170 km/s，Q值为138；S波速度和Q值随着深度的增加而增加；1000 m以下断裂带内S波速度为280 km/s，围岩S波速度为33 km/s. 相似文献
5.
对2001年昆仑山口西Ms81级地震产生的断层带，布设了沿断层和横跨断层的两条人工地震测线.通过对观测资料的定量分析和处理，求得了昆仑山断层带内部的细结构.分析工作包括从S波震相开始的振幅谱计算、速度频散计算、群速度测量，并用面波频散方法反演S波速度结构，用振幅谱比的方法估计断层带的Q值.野外试验结果表明，S波震相与围陷波组的时间差随炮点与台站之间距离增大而增加，在断层带外的测点上观测到与断层带相关的场地效应.最后得出昆仑山断层带宽度为250m、速度结构为断层内低速的分层结构和Q值为15（断层内）和30（围岩）.虽然昆仑山口西地震的震级比美国加州Landers地震的震级（Ms76）大，且地震产生的破裂带长度长得多，但是这两个地震断层带的宽度却相差不大. 相似文献
6.
利用汶川地震区不同地段的断层围陷波记录,分析了该地震断层的分段性特征。对断层北东段的关庄测线分析研究结果表明：地壳内破碎带的宽度大约160~180m,地下破碎带的中间与地表破裂的位置对应,并且地下破碎带在断层的两盘边缘较均匀地分布,反映了北东段的断层倾角较陡,近似直立断层。对断层南西段的虹口测线研究结果表明：地壳内破碎带的宽度大约180~200m,地下破碎带主要分布在地表断层陡坎上盘所对应的地壳内,反映了南西段断层倾角比北东段断层倾角小。本文的研究结果可以为汶川8.0级地震的构造背景研究提供依据。 相似文献
7.
Hongfeng Yang 《地震科学（英文版）》2015,28(2):151-162
Crustal faults usually have a fault core and surrounding regions of brittle damage, forming a low-velocity zone(LVZ) in the immediate vicinity of the main slip interface. The LVZ may amplify ground motion, influence rupture propagation, and hold important information of earthquake physics. A number of geophysical and geodetic methods have been developed to derive high-resolution structure of the LVZ. Here, I review a few recent approaches, including ambient noise cross-correlation on dense across-fault arrays and GPS recordings of fault-zone trapped waves. Despite the past efforts, many questions concerning the LVZ structure remain unclear, such as the depth extent of the LVZ. High-quality data from larger and denser arrays and new seismic imaging technique using larger portion of recorded waveforms, which are currently under active development, may be able to better resolve the LVZ structure. In addition, effects of the alongstrike segmentation and gradational velocity changes across the boundaries between the LVZ and the host rock on rupture propagation should be investigated by conducting comprehensive numerical experiments. Furthermore, high-quality active sources such as recently developed large-volume airgun arrays provide a powerful tool to continuously monitor temporal changes of fault-zone properties, and thus can advance our understanding of fault zone evolution. 相似文献
8.
2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震经历了一个复杂的破裂过程,其破裂长、幅度大、破裂速度多变,成为大陆型地震研究的典型地震。本文融合近场高精度大地测量观测（4幅InSAR影像,34个GPS点位同震位移）和高信噪比远震波形记录,基于有限断层反演理论,联合反演得到该地震同震破裂时空过程的统一模型;同时,基于欧洲区域台网波形数据,利用反投影方法获得高频破裂的时空展布。联合反演结果表明,破裂自西向东传播的过程中走向有所变化,破裂尺度达400km,最大滑移量达8m,地震矩大小为6.1×1020Nm,对应的矩震级MW为7.78。主断层破裂经历了3个阶段,其中,超剪切破裂阶段对应最大位错区域,破裂到达西大滩段与昆仑山口断层交叉处时,破裂速度与尺度迅速下降。反投影结果同样显示破裂的3个阶段空间上对应大地测量反演的3个最大破裂区,最大破裂区的扩展速度达6km/s,但超剪切破裂终止在断层交叉口东部约30km处断层走向发生转变的位置。 相似文献
9.
汤西断裂的断层围陷波初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
作为断层围陷波方法在城市活断层探测中的首次尝试,我们针对太行山山前断裂带南段的汤西断裂开展了爆炸震源的观测试验。运用数字滤波和频谱分析等技术,由地震记录图分离出了断层围陷波。根据2横测线的观测结果,可确定断层的位置,并可推测断层在该处宽度为200～300m。破裂面较宽,可能与其张性特征有关。分频道地震图显示,断层围陷波具有正频散现象,其低频分量传播较快。这表明断层围陷波是一种面波,可利用其频散规律研究断裂带内介质的物理性质。这次的观测结果也表明,断层围陷波并不局限于新破裂带,在老断层中也能形成和传播。事实上,只要断层带内外的介质在物理性质上有较大的差异,均能产生沿断层传播的围陷波。在城市活断层探测中,断层围陷波的方法具有非常独特的优越性 相似文献
10.
Earthquake surface rupture is the result of transformation from crustal elastic strain accumulation to permanent tectonic
deformation. The surface rupture zone produced by the 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake (M
w
7.8) on the Kusaihu segment of the Kunlun fault extends over 426 km. It consists of three relatively independent surface rupture
sections: the western strike-slip section, the middle transtensional section and the eastern strike-slip section. Hence this
implies that the Kunlunshan earthquake is composed of three earthquake rupturing events, i.e. the M
w
=6.8, M
w
=6.2 and M
w
⩽=7.8 events, respectively. The M
w
=7.8 earthquake, along the eastern section, is the main shock of the Kunlunshan earthquake, further decomposed into four rupturing
subevents. Field measurements indicate that the width of a single surface break on different sections ranges from several
meters to 15 m, with a maximum value of less than 30 m. The width of the surface rupture zone that consists of en echelon
breaks depends on its geometric structures, especially the stepover width of the secondary surface rupture zones in en echelon,
displaying a basic feature of deformation localization. Consistency between the Quaternary geologic slip rate, the GPS-monitored
strain rate and the localization of the surface ruptures of the 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake may indicate that the tectonic
deformation between the Bayan Har block and Qilian-Qaidam block in the northern Tibetan Plateau is characterized by strike-slip
faulting along the limited width of the Kunlun fault, while the blocks themselves on both sides of the Kunlun fault are characterized
by block motion. The localization of earthquake surface rupture zone is of great significance to determine the width of the
fault-surface-rupture hazard zone, along which direct destruction will be caused by co-seismic surface rupturing along a strike-slip
fault, that should be considered before the major engineering project, residental buildings and life line construction.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40474037) and the National Basic Research Program
of China (Grant No. 2004CB418401) 相似文献
11.
提出了确定断层带结构的一种方法,它利用基于断层带围陷波波形相关的网格搜索法,以定量地确定断层带参数.该方法通过建立一系列由断层带的相关参数构建的断层带结构模型,利用有限差分方法数值模拟每组参数对应的断层带模型所产生的围陷波,并与实际观测围陷波波形进行相关分析,计算由以断层参数为多维网格坐标的相关系数变化趋势,网格搜索其峰值,最终获得最佳的一组参数,并确定断层带的结构.本文对昆仑山断裂带人工激发的围陷波进行分析,利用该方法确定了断裂带宽度和Q值参数. 相似文献
12.
通过分析 2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震前后的GPS资料和 1 979— 2 0 0 2年的水准测量资料 ,获得了地表同震位移场。利用这些同震位移数据 ,以震后详细野外地质调查破裂数据为约束 ,反演了破裂断层面上的同震滑动分布。结果表明 ,破裂下界深度为 1 4 .2～ 2 1km(70 %置信区间 ) ,最佳破裂深度 1 7km。虽然在太阳湖段和主破裂带西端的中间区域未观测到地表破裂 ,但反演的结果表明此区域存在 2～ 3m左右的左旋水平走滑 ,与InSAR资料分析得到的结果一致。地表以下的破裂西端止于太阳湖段 ,而东端似乎在地表破裂迹线以东 30km范围内仍存在 1 .5～ 2 .0m的左旋滑动。反演的垂直位移表明断层在东经 93°以西部分大体表现为南盘上升 ,而东经 93°以东部分表现为北盘上升。由大地测量和地表破裂调查得到的地震矩释放为 6 .1× 1 0 2 0 N·m ,与地震波资料的反演结果基本一致 相似文献
13.
In this paper, we briefly describe the principle of tracking energy radiation sources of large earthquakes using fre- quency-domain far-field array technique, present general steps of tracking energy radiation sources, and take the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake as an example to analyze key factors for setting parameters while pro- cessing data. Using broadband waveform data from a seismic array in Ethiopia and Kenya (EK Array), we obtain that the rupture initiation point of the 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake is located in the east of Buka Daban Peak (35.92°N, 91.70°E), and the rupture duration time is less than 160 s, the rupture length about 520 km, with 180 km in the west of the initiation point and 340 km in the east, respectively. The western segment of the earth- quake fault bends towards southwest near Buka Daban Peak, which is in concordance with the surface rupture trace. The eastern segment apparently bends towards northeast near Xidatan, which is in agreement with the strike of Xidatan fault, but 30 km away from Xidatan fault. In addition, the results imply that the western segment of the earthquake fault appears erect while the eastern segment appears to be gradually dipping southwards. 相似文献
14.
Songlin Li Xiaoling Lai Zhixiang Yao Qing Yang Geophysical Prospecting Center China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou China Institute of Geophysics Beijing China 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(4):417-424
The rupture process of the May 12,2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake was very complex. To study the rupture zones generated by this earthquake,four dense temporary seismic arrays across the two surface breaking traces of the main-shock were deployed in July and recorded a great amount of aftershocks. This paper focuses on the data interpretation of two arrays across the central main fault,the northern array line 1 and southern array line 3. The fault zone trapped waves recorded by the two arrays were used to st... 相似文献
15.
With co-seismic surface rupture slip displacements provided by the field observation for the 2001 MS8.1 West Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake, this paper estimates the rupture speed on the main faulting segment with a long straight fault trace on the surface based on a simple slip-weakening rupture model, in which the frictional overshoot or undershoot are involved in consideration of energy partition during the earthquake faulting. In contrast to the study of Bouchon and Vallée, in which the rupture propagation along the main fault could exceed the local shear-wave speed, perhaps reach the P-wave speed on a certain section of fault, our results show that, under a slip-weakening assumption combined with a frictional undershoot (partial stress drop model), average rupture speed should be equal to or less than the Rayleigh wave speed with a high seismic radiation efficiency, which is consistent with the result derived by waveform inversion and the result estimated from source stress field. Associated with the surface rupture mechanism, such as partial stress drop (frictional undershoot) associated with the apparent stress, an alternative rupture mechanism based on the slip-weakening model has also been discussed. 相似文献
16.
研究了强震造成地表破裂的宽度范围,得出造成地表破裂的下限震级地６．６级,对应最大震级（Ｍ＝８．５）的可能破裂宽度是１００ｋｍ,它是一种带状破裂而不是一种线状破裂,统计得出震级－地表破裂宽度的经验关系式。 相似文献
17.
2001年昆仑山口西地震经历了一个相当复杂的破裂过程,迄今为止用不同资料、不同方法和模型得到的同震破裂发布具有很大差异.我们采用地震前后GPS和InSAR观测数据得到的同震位移反演该地震的同震破裂分布,检验各种可能的模型参数,得到在数据与平滑优化约束下尽可能详尽的结果.建模过程经历三个步骤：（1）采用直立断层模型反演,根据解的分辨率和拟合差的折中曲线得到最优平滑约束;（2）改变断层倾角,找到使得观测数据和正演计算拟合最好的断层倾角;（3）根据前面两步得到的最优平滑约束和断层倾角求得地震同震破裂分布.比起前人的研究结果,我们得到的地表走滑分量随断层分布与地质考察数据符合得更好.我们还发现形变沿断层两盘并不对称,断层南盘的位移比北盘大10%~20%.这种位移场的不对称性可以由倾角约为80°~81°的南倾断层所解释.我们首次用大地测量数据揭示了太阳湖断层东端和东昆仑主断层西端~50 km的左阶断层上吸收了0.1~0.2 m的正断层分量,昆仑山口断层段吸收了~0.8 m的逆冲分量.地震释放的总地震矩为9.3×1020 N·m, 对应于 Mw8.0的地震. 相似文献
18.
本文以2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震前后在震中附近开展的形变观测研究结果为约束,利用震区天然地震成像、大地电磁测深、人工地震探测剖面、余震精确定位、震源破裂过程、地质考察、GPS观测、构造应力场等结果,建立了芦山地震震中及邻近地区的深浅部构造二维有限元数值模型,探讨了青藏高原向东挤出运动、区域地形特征、地壳内低速带和滑脱面、震区主要断裂带活动等可能因素对芦山地震孕育和破裂的控制作用.模拟结果显示,汶川地震后的青藏高原东部物质相对四川盆地运动速率增大是引发或加快芦山地震发生的主要动力学控制因素,龙门山断裂带西侧上中地壳内部低速带和滑脱面的存在是控制芦山地震震源位置的重要条件,其他因素则是控制龙门山断裂带长时间尺度区域构造活动的动力学因素;同时本文给出了主震破裂为复杂"y"型双破裂面的同震位移,模拟计算的地表垂直位移与观测结果一致,进一步支持了余震精确定位提出的主震为"y"型破裂面的推测. 相似文献
19.
利用2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震现场观测所提供的地表破裂同震位移数据,使用简单滑移弱化破裂模型,估算了发震主断层上的破裂传播速度. 该模型中考虑了断层破裂时动摩擦过程中应力上调和下调机制对地震波辐射能量分配的影响. 对比Bouchon和Valleacute;e有关昆仑山口西地震主断层破裂传播速度超过剪切波速度,甚至达到P波速度的结果, 采用动摩擦应力下调时的滑移弱化模型 (分数应力降模型),结果表明,伴随较高的地震波辐射效率,主断层的平均破裂传播速度等于或小于瑞利波速度,这与许力生和陈运泰的体波反演结果,以及陈学忠震源应力场估算的结果是一致的. 最后,联系到由地表破裂现象所反映出的断层力学特征,如与视应力相关的分数应力降 (动摩擦应力下调), 基于滑移弱化模型, 讨论了可能的震源破裂机制. 相似文献
20.
2017年四川九寨沟MS7.0地震是继2008年汶川MS8.0地震和2013年芦山MS7.0地震之后,青藏高原东缘在不到十年的时间内发生的第三个震级MS7.0以上的强震.这次地震发生在东昆仑断裂带东端,作为青藏高原东北缘的一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,东昆仑断裂带与东端其它构造之间的转换关系仍不清楚,因区内地质构造和地形复杂,东昆仑断裂带东端的主要构造仍缺少深入的研究.本文在总结区域地震构造活动特征、历史地震和现代地震基础上,通过东昆仑断裂带东端已有的和最近开展的活动构造定量研究结果,并结合现今GPS变形场资料和2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震灾害特征分析,发现东昆仑断裂带最东段塔藏断裂上的左旋走滑除了一小部分继续向东传播转移到文县断裂带上外,大部分转化为其南侧的龙日坝断裂带北段、岷江断裂和虎牙断裂上的近东西向地壳缩短,这可能是岷山隆起的构造机制,而2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震正是左旋走滑的东昆仑断裂带在东端继续向东扩展的结果. 相似文献