共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
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尼泊尔8.1级地震建筑物震害遥感提取与分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生的8.1级地震,造成重大人员伤亡与经济损失。在地震前、后灾区高分遥感影像分析处理基础上,结合现场实地调查,对灾区房屋建筑及其震害程度进行了遥感解译,编制了地震灾区房屋建筑震害分布图。结果分析表明:尼泊尔地震灾区影像上显示的建筑物震害分布与该区域房屋结构类型、主余震位置和区域活动构造分布密切相关。其中,房屋较为严重倒塌区域主要分布在8.1级主震和7.5级余震震中附近,但这两个区域并没有相连;居民点建筑物个别倒塌的居民地则连成一个区域。影像上显示的建筑物倒塌区域,与多数8级巨大地震比较,总体上极震区震害偏轻,但在南南西(垂直于破裂方向)上展布较宽。这一特征与引发该地震的印度与欧亚大陆板块边缘活动断裂在深部呈近似于平行地表的低角度断层面破裂引起的地震动能量在地表相对较宽而低的分布特征是一致的。 相似文献
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以汶川地震地表形变带的实地测量数据为基础,结合沿实测地震地表变形剖面建筑物破坏情况的调查与测量,分析了不同地震地表变形类型及其建筑物破坏特征,定量化地讨论了地表变形梯度与建筑物破坏程度间的关系.提出无论地震地表变形表现为何种类型的断层陡坎,强变形均局部化在宽10~30 m的地表破裂带内;建筑物受损情况最直接的影响是建筑物所处地点的地表变形梯度,地表变形梯度大于0.1的地段,建筑物均完全被摧毁;地表变形梯度在0.07~0.1间的地段,建筑物遭受严重损坏,产生倾斜及强烈变形等;地表变形梯度在0.03~0.07间的地段,建筑物可能受到中度损坏,产生倾斜及变形等,具有抗震设防能力的建筑物一般不会倒塌;地表变形梯度小于0.03的地段具有抗震设防能力的构建筑物一般只会受到轻度损伤或基本完好. 相似文献
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１９９５年１月１７日日本兵库县南部淡路岛发生７．２级地震后，正在工作的本文作者亲临地震灾区，进行了现场调查，作者以日记的形式叙述了现场调查情况，此外，他还给出了自己对灾害的分析。 相似文献
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Athens experienced a devastating earthquake on September 7, 1999, centred about 10km beneath the outskirts of the city, with peak accelerations in the meizoseismal area estimated above 0.5 g. While the magnitude
of the earthquake was moderate (MS=5.9), damage and loss of life were extensive, numbering over 143 fatalities, 90 collapsed buildings, and over 100,000 rendered
homeless. The most severe losses took place within 8 km of the fault, and peak rock accelerations in excess of 0.35 g were
recorded 12 km from fault in downtown Athens. Local geologic effects played an important role, as demonstrated by concentrations
of building damage on pockets of soft soil and near river canyons in the northwest part of the city. The earthquake was the
first to severely damage Athens in over 2500 years. This study examines the engineering characteristics of 12 triaxial strong
motion accelerograms recorded during the main shock. Properties investigated include peak ground acceleration and velocity,
bracketed duration, Housner intensity, and response spectra. Spectral values at different orientations in the horizontal plane
(“planar spectra”) are computed to infer the interaction of source directivity effects and building period, on damage potential.
The role of rupture directivity close to the fault is investigated by means of idealized triangular pulses. Inelastic effects
are examined using ductility spectra and sliding block analyses. Evidence is presented that low-rise structures in the area
may have higher strength and longer natural period than those anticipated by building codes. The implications of the damage
potential calculations for earthquake hazard assessment in Eastern North America and Northern Europe are also addressed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Louise Wedderkopp Bjerrum Kuvvet Atakan Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(6):1569-1601
The M
w = 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, caused destruction over a wide area. The earthquake cost more than 69,000 lives
and the damage is reported to have left more than 5 million people homeless. It is estimated that 5.36 million buildings were
destroyed and 21 million buildings were damaged in Sichuan and the nearby provinces. Economic losses due to the event are
estimated to be 124 billion USD. From a field reconnaissance trip conducted in October 2008, it is evident that the combination
of several factors, including mountainous landscape, strong ground shaking, extensive landslides and rock-falls, has exacerbated
the human and economic consequences of this earthquake. Extensive damage occurred over a wide area due to the shear size of
the earthquake rupture combined with poor quality building construction. In order to investigate the ground shaking during
the earthquake, we have conducted a strong ground motion simulation study, applying a hybrid broadband frequency technique.
The preliminary results show large spatial variation in the ground shaking, with the strongest ground motions along the fault
plane. The simulation results have been calibrated against the recorded ground motion from several near-field stations in
the area, and acceleration values of the order of 1 g are obtained, similar to what was recorded during the event. Comparison
with the damage distribution observed in the field confirms that the effect of fault rupture complexity on the resulting ground
motion distribution also controls to a large extent the damage distribution. The applied simulation technique provides a promising
platform for predictive studies. 相似文献
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张北6.2级地震的孕育过程和前兆特征研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
张北地震发生在通常认为稳定的、浅部构造不明显,历史上地震活动微弱的地区,但是根据小震活动条带推测可能在一条ＮＷ走向的深部断裂。张北地震的孕育可能与区域断层的长期活动,中小地震持续活跃以及外围强震的增震作用有关。震前存在地震活动空段、４级地震条带、区域小震群活跃以及平静－收缩－信号震－外围活动增强等特征。有比较丰富的中长趋势异常,持续时间长达３年以上,而短临异常并不突出。对张北地震异常进行信度综合分 相似文献
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Living with disaster is an objective reality that human must face especially in China. A large number of earthquake case studies, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, 2010 Yushu earthquake, 2014 Ludian earthquake, have demonstrated that earthquake heavy damage and casualties stem from ground-faulting or rupturing along seismogenic active fault, near-fault high ground accelerations and building catastrophic structural failure. Accordingly, avoidance of active faults may be an important measure to effectively reduce earthquake hazard, which may encounter in the future, but how to avoid an active fault and how much a setback distance from the active fault is required to ensure that the ground faulting and rupturing has no any direct impact on buildings. This has been the focus of debate both for domestic and foreign scholars. This paper, first of all, introduces the definition of active fault. Then, quantitative analyses are done of the high localization of earthquake surface ruptures and relationship between the localized feature of the coseismic surface ruptures and building damages associated with the measured widths of the historical earthquake surface rupture zones, and an average sstatistic width is obtained to be 30m both for the earthquake surface rupture zones and heavy damage zones along the seismogenic fault. Besides, the widths of the surface rupture zones and spatial distribution of the building damages of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake have also been analyzed to reveal a hanging-wall effect:Width of surface rupture zone or building damage zone on the hanging-wall is 2 or 3 times wider than that on its foot-wall for a dip-slip fault. Based on these latest knowledge learnt above, issues on avoidance object, minimum setback distance, location requirement of active fault for avoidance, and anti-faulting design for buildings in the surface rupture zone are further discussed. Finally, we call for national and local legislatures to accelerate the legislation for active fault survey and avoidance to normalize fault hazard zoning for general land-use planning and building construction. This preventive measure is significantly important to improve our capability of earthquake disaster reduction. 相似文献