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1.
新疆北部石炭系大型火山岩风化体结构与地层油气成藏机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
新疆北部上石炭统发育于碰撞后松弛垮塌构造环境,火山岩和烃源岩间互广泛分布,石炭纪末受板块挤压整体抬升遭受风化淋滤,使火山岩不整合风化体形成5层结构,其中溶蚀带和崩解带是有利储层发育段,火山岩风化体发育于古地貌出露水面区,低洼处和斜坡带发育较完整的5层结构,高部位一般缺失土壤层.风化体厚度与风化淋滤时间呈正向非线性指数关系,风化体厚度动态平衡时间约为36.3Ma,最大风化体厚度约450m,断裂发育处风化体厚度更大,长期风化淋滤区各种火山岩岩性均能形成风化体.火山岩风化体和烃源岩组合,发育源内火山岩风化体层序型、源上火山锥风化体准层状和侧源火山岩风化体梳状3种成藏模式,均可形成大型火山岩风化体地层油气藏.该认识改变了火山岩油气勘探中寻找有利岩性和岩相带的传统模式,修正了新疆北部石炭系为盆地基底,不具备油气生成条件的观点,对指导火山岩风化体油气勘探具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.指出中国中西部古生界存在形成大规模火山岩风化体地层油气藏的条件,是今后油气勘探的新领域. 相似文献
2.
博兴洼陷油气勘探已进入隐蔽油气藏为主的勘探阶段,储集砂体的分布,尤其是能够形成地层岩性油藏的有利储集砂体的分布,是油气勘探的关键.研究区主要发育有浊积扇、辫状三角洲前缘和近岸水下扇三种类型的储集砂体,其中浊积扇扇体是岩性圈闭勘探的最有利砂体.通过已发现油气藏的地层位置分析,发现MSC8、MSC7、MSC6、MSC5、MSC2旋回的上升半旋回是有利储集砂体发育的主要层段,浊积扇砂体发育,且具有有利的油气成藏条件.平面上,MSC8旋回的有利储集砂体主要发育在高青断层东南侧的狭长区域内,MSC5、MSC6、MSC7旋回的有利储集砂体发育在坡折带之下的洼陷区.综合上述分析,预测了坡折带下部洼陷区、高青断裂下降盘和高24-高27井间区域3个岩性和构造-岩性圈闭勘探有利区. 相似文献
3.
研究区构造高部位三角洲前缘储层发育程度较差,对储层成因及岩性油气藏分布规律研究有待深入.针对储层成因与分布等问题,本文运用层序地层对比与砂体成因分析等手段,发现研究区在北西低、南东高、沟谷相间的古地貌背景下,东三段发育了三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体.以砂体的成因信息为线索,依据砂体的地球物理响应特征,运用种子点追踪与沿层属性提取等手段预测了三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体的分布.预测结果表明,古地貌控制了水下分流河道砂体的展布,水下分流河道砂体的上倾尖灭部位是开展岩性油气藏勘探的有利目标. 相似文献
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5.
断陷盆地潜山构造带油气复式成藏特征及油气藏系列——以辽河西部凹陷兴隆台构造带为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
潜山构造带是中国东部断陷盆地中一种油气非常富集的构造单元.辽河西部凹陷兴隆台构造带是一个典型的潜山带.兴隆台潜山构造是断块作用下的潜山.受台安-大洼断裂周期活动的影响,兴隆台构造带断裂发育,多期断层纵横交织,成为油气运移的重要通道,油气通过断层呈阶梯式运移,在潜山内部和上覆的第三系不同层段中形成一系列不同类型油气藏,构成复式油气聚集带.兴隆台复式油气聚集带具有多油源供给、多期次充注、不同油源混合等特征.油气运聚具有"多源(多方向)多时期供烃、多渠道输导多层系聚集、多成因圈闭多期次成藏"的复式运聚特点;构成"潜山内幕裂缝型油气藏和潜山浅表层不整合遮挡油气藏"与"披覆断块型和砂岩上倾尖灭型油气藏"的油气藏分布系列. 相似文献
6.
火山岩储层特征与油气成藏模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
火山岩油气藏的勘探历史已经有一百二十多年,经历了偶然发现、初步勘探和深入研究三个发展阶段,火山岩从油气勘探的禁区转变为重要领域.目前火山岩油气藏在油气总量中占的比例并不大,但是已展现出良好的油气前景,成为新的油气增长点,越来越受到油气勘探界的重视.本文分析了火山岩岩性、岩相的研究现状,将火山岩的储集空间分为原生孔隙、原生裂缝、次生孔隙、次生裂缝4个大类,13个小类.火山岩的成藏模式有岩性成藏模式、构造成藏模式、构造-岩性成藏模式、风化壳成藏模式等.针对火山岩储层的复杂性,亟需以火山岩储层地质理论为指导,结合岩心、重磁力、测井、地震资料,建立一套有针对性的研究方法,全面评价火山岩储层特征和空间展布. 相似文献
7.
随着准噶尔盆地腹部及准东地区勘探程度不断提高,勘探对象也变得复杂,已往古凸起上的断块和低幅度背斜为主的勘探目标变得越来越少,勘探目标转向斜坡区和深凹陷的岩性油气藏成为必然趋势,此类油气藏的主要特点是:圈闭幅度较低,砂层厚度较小,横向变化快,地震识别、落实评价困难.本文针对地质难点,以准噶尔盆地准东阜11井区岩性油气藏为研究对象,逐步形成准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探方法、应用效果体系;在具体工作中利用地质、地震、测井相结合的综合研究方法,分析了准东阜11井区岩性油气藏特征,建立了岩性油气藏勘探理论和方法,开发和自研出了一套适合准噶尔盆地碎屑岩岩性圈闭识别与评价的技术系列,主要包括精细的井震标定技术、精细的全三维自动追踪技术、断裂识别技术、动态构造演化分析技术、沉积微相分析技术、储层预测技术、流体预测技术及有利目标区块选择评价技术;利用此技术系列对准东地区阜11井区侏罗系三工河组(J1s)发育的岩性圈闭进行了综合预测,识别了三个可供钻探的断层-岩性圈闭,其沉积微相为扇三角洲前缘的席状砂,圈闭面积在1.75 km2～6.1 km2之间,砂岩厚度在10 m～25 m之间,油气检测处于有利位置,累计圈闭面积达12.39km2,从而扩大了该区岩性圈闭识别的数量和精度,为岩性油气藏的勘探、开发提供了有力的技术支撑. 相似文献
8.
临南坡折带北部岩性油藏分布受构造、岩性双重因素控制,在开展岩性油藏空间分布研究过程中,以高分辨率地震处理资料为基础,精细准确的层位标定为纽带,利用Stratmagic地震相分析、Jason反演、Epos3.0分频属性等多种地震解释手段,对有利砂体的展布、含油气的分布进行描述,直观刻画了岩性在空间上的分布规律,为该区的岩性圈闭识别和井位部署提供重要依据。 相似文献
9.
东秦岭南部推覆带地质特征及油气地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了东秦岭南部逆冲推覆带构造展布及基本地质特征，认为东秦岭南部经过加里东期以来陆间海槽多次启闭与陆陆碰撞、陆内俯冲等岩石圈演变过程，形成现今前陆盆地，其原型盆地具备成油气地质条件，勘探潜力大。在这一勘探领域开展逆冲、逆抡推覆体的勘探研究工作，有望实现前新生代海相地层油气勘探的重大突破。 相似文献
10.
本文从长岭凹陷隐蔽油气藏勘探实际出发,以分析该区的油气地质条件、控砂主导因素及油气成藏规律为主线,利用钻井、地震等资料通过地震属性分析、测井约束反演等方法对该区进行了储层预测,寻找有利的储层分布范围,研究砂体在空间展布特征,掌握砂体与断层的配置关系、砂体的尖灭情况,进而识别不同类型隐蔽型圈闭.指出该区隐蔽油气藏主要有三种成藏类型,即构造-岩性复合型、砂岩上倾尖灭型、砂岩透镜体型.远物源缓坡河流-三角洲沉积体系控制该区砂体分布,使得油气富集成藏规律主要表现为多层位含油,各个砂组交互发育;单个油藏面积小,在平面上具有多套砂体形成迭合连片的特征.主要目的层,如青一、二段砂体,以三角洲前缘分支河道发育为主,河道走向北东向.研究区内的断层走向近南东—北西向,与砂体走向垂直.这种断层与砂体配置关系,易形成构造-岩性复合圈闭. 相似文献
11.
Formation mechanism and model for sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin, East China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Bohai Bay basin comprises some very important and well documented subtle traps known in China, which have been the major exploration focus and have become a major petroleum play since the 1990s. However, recent exploration showed that the oil-bearing properties of some sand lens reservoirs may vary significantly and the accumulation mechanisms for these lithological subtle traps are not well understood. Based on statistical analysis of oil-bearing properties for 123 sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin and combined with detailed anatomy of typical sand lens reservoirs and NMR experiments, it has been shown that the structural and sedimentary factors, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion conditions of the surrounding source rocks, as well as the petrophysical properties of sand lens reservoirs are the main controlling factors for the formation of sand lens reservoirs. The formation of a sand lens reservoir depends on the interaction between the hydrocarbon accumulation driving force and the resistance force. The driving force is made up of the differential capillary pressure between sandstones and sources rocks and the hydrocarbon diffusion force, and as well as the hydrocarbon expansion force. The resistance force is the friction resistance force for hydrocarbons and water to move through the pore throats of the sand lens. The sedimentary environment, source rock condition and sand reservoir properties can change from unfavorable to favorable depending on the combination of these factors. When these three factors all reach certain thresholds, the sand lens reservoirs may begin to be filled by hydrocarbons. When all of these conditions become favorable for the formation of sand lens reservoirs, the reservoir would have high oil saturation. This approach has been applied to evaluating the potential of petroleum accumulation in the sand lens reservoirs in the third member of the Neogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Sub-basin. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
The concept of hydrocarbon accumulation in network was presented on basis of the overall analysis of the formation and evolution characteristics of the continental faulted basin and of the systemic re-search on the major controlling factors on the hydrocarbon accumulation. The hydrocarbon accumu-lation in network can be defined as hydrocarbon accumulation in a three-dimensional network system which is constituted by the hydrocarbon migration passages under multiple dynamics,following the hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. The research shows that the hydrocarbon accumulation in network is composed of four elements,i.e.,hydrocarbon source (source rock kitchen),hydrocarbon accumulation terminal (trap),network pathway connecting source and terminal (transporting system),and network potential driving hydrocarbon migration in the network pathway (migration dynamics). Compared with other networks,hydrocarbon accumulation in network has three basic characteristics: the irreversible geological process of material and information flow in the network; the loss of material and information in the flow process in the network; the multiple dynamics in the flow process. Interac-tion of all the elements in the geological process can be called hydrocarbon accumulation in network. There are three basic models for hydrocarbon accumulation in network,that is,hydrocarbon accumu-lation in the network source area,hydrocarbon accumulation in the network pathway,and hydrocarbon accumulation in the network terminal. The key in the application of the hydrocarbon accumulation models in network in practice is to confirm the major accumulation stage and the function range of the four elements controlling the hydrocarbon firstly,to predict the profitable accumulation region by su-perposition of the favorable areas confirmed by four elements consequently,and to evaluate the oil-bearing property of the trap as well as confirm drilling targets. This paper takes the Dongying De-pression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an application example. 相似文献
13.
Distribution characteristics and petroleum geological significance of the Silurian asphaltic sandstones in Tarim Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Tarim Basin is a typical superimposed basin in which there have occurred multiphase adjustment and destruction of the reservoirs. The widely distributed asphaltic sandstones of the Silurian are the very product after destruction of the reservoirs. Studies show that the Silurian asphaltic sandstones distributed in both the middle and western parts on the basin are controlled chiefly by the Caledonian oil source area and by the Tazhong, Tabei and Bachu uplifts, whereas the distribution of the asphaltic sandstones on local structural belts is controlled by the reservoir's sedimentary system. Vertically, most of the asphaltic sandstones are under the regional caprock of red mudstones and the upper sandstone section of compact lithology. Due to the difference of hydrocarbon destruction in the early stage and the influence of hydrocarbon recharge in the late stage, the asphaltic sandstones and oil-bearing sandstones in the Tazhong area can be vertically divided into the upper and lower sections and they have an interactive distribution relationship as well. Asphaltic sandstones exist not only in intergranular pores but also inside the grains of sand and between the crevices, proving the destruction of early reservoirs due to uplifting. The existence of asphaltic sandstones over a large area reveals that the large-scale migration and accumulation and the subsequent destruction of hydrocarbons in the Craton area. The destruction caused a loss of the reserve resources of the Palaeozoic amounting to nearly 13.3 billion tons. Asphaltic sandstones formed after the destruction of oil and gas may serve as an effective caprock which is beneficial to accumulation of hydrocarbons and formation of the pool sealed by asphaltic sandstones in the later stage. The destruction of the early Silurian hydrocarbons depends on the stratigraphic burial depth. The deep part under the northern slope of Tazhong is an area favorable to search of undestroyed Silurian oil reservoirs. 相似文献
14.
ChangSong Lin HaiJun Yang JingYan Liu Li Peng ZhenZhong Cai XiaoFa Yang YongHeng Yang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(6):823-834
Inclined eastward and consisting of the Hetianhe, Hetianhedong, Tazhong paleouplifts and Bachu paleoslope, the central paleouplift
belt in the Tarim Basin was a large composite paleouplift and paleoslope belt with complicated palaeogeomorphic features during
the Middle to early Late Ordovician. A number of paleostructural geomorphic elements have been identified in the paleouplift
belt and surrounding areas, such as the high uplift belts, the faulted uplift platforms, the marginal slopes and slope break
zones flanking the paleouplift belt, the surrounding shelf slopes or low relief ramps, the shelf slope break zones and deep
basin plains. They exerted great influence on the development of paleogeography of the basin. The marginal slopes and slope
break zones flanking the uplift belt constrained the formation and deposition of the high-energy facies including reefal and
shoal deposits during the Late Ordovician, which comprise the major reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic in the basin. Toward
the end of the Ordovician, the Tazhong paleouplift hinged westward and became a westward-dipped nose as the southeastern margin
of the basin was strongly compressed and uplifted. The tectono-paleogeomorphic framework of the central northern basin during
the Early Silurian and the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous changed remarkably in topography from the initial low in east
and high in west to high in northeast and low in southwest. The major paleogeomorphic elements developed in these periods
included the strong eroded uplift high, the uplift marginal slope, the gentle ramp of the depression margin and the depression
belt. The sandstones of the lowstand and the early transgressive systems tracts were deposited along the uplift marginal slopes
and the gentle ramps of the depressions comprise the prolific reservoirs in the basin. The study indicates that the distribution
patterns of the unconformities within the basin are closely related to the paleogeomorphic features and evolution of the paleouplift
belt. From the high uplift belt to the depression, we found the composed unconformity belts at the high uplift, the truncated
and onlap triangular unconformity belts along the uplift marginal slopes, the minor angular unconformity or discontinuity
belts along the transitional zones from the uplift marginal slopes to depression and the conformity belt in the central depression.
The truncated and the onlap triangular unconformity belts are the favorable zones for the formation of stratigraphic trap
reservoirs.
Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB202302), National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 40372056) and Frontier Research Project of Marine Facies 相似文献
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16.
Quanyou LIU Dongya ZHU Qingqiang MENG Jiayi LIU Xiaoqi WU Bing ZHOU Qi FU Zhijun JIN 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(3):507-528
As a relatively stable craton block in the earth system, the petroliferous basin is influenced by the evolution of the earth system from the early development environment of source rocks, hydrocarbon formation, and reservoir dissolution to hydrocarbon accumulation or destruction. As a link between the internal and external factors of the basin, deep fluids run through the whole process of hydrocarbon formation and accumulation through organic-inorganic interaction. The nutrients carried by deep fluids promote the bloom of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and extra addition of carbon and hydrogen source, which are beneficial to the development of high-quality source rock and enhancement of the hydrocarbon generation potential. The energy carried by the deep fluid promotes the early maturation of the source rock and facilitates the hydrocarbon generation by activation and hydrogenation in high-mature hydrocarbon sources. The dissolution alteration of carbonate rocks and clastic reservoirs by CO_2-rich deep fluids improves the deep reservoir space, thus extending the oil and gas reservoir space into greater depth. The extraction of deeply retained crude oil by deep supercritical CO_2 and the displacement of CH_4 in shale have both improved the hydrocarbon fluidity in deep and tight reservoirs. Simultaneously, the energy and material carried by deep fluids(C, H, and catalytic substances) not only induce inorganic CH_4 formation by Fischer-Tropsch(F-T) synthesis and "hydrothermal petroleum" generation from organic matter by thermal activity but also cause the hydrothermal alteration of crude oil from organic sources. Therefore, from the perspective of the interaction of the earth's sphere, deep fluids not only input a significant amount of exogenous C and H into sedimentary basins but also improve the reservoir space for oil and gas, as well as their enrichment and accumulation efficiencies. 相似文献
17.
Most of petroliferous sedimentary basins in China have experienced multiple phases of tectonic evolution and deposition, and are characterized by tectonic and depositional superimposition. The term "superimposed basin" is suggested to describe those basins which consist of two or more simple prototype basins superimposing vertically and/or coalescing laterally. The characteristics of petroliferous superimposed basins are "multiple stages of basin forming and reworking, multiple layers of source rocks, multiple periods of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, multiple periods of petroleum migration-accumulation-escape". Therefore,applying the wave process analysis method to studying the process of basin formation, hydrocarbon generation, and reservoir formation, and then establishing theory of "petroleum accumulation system" is helpful to enhancing petroleum exploration efficiency in superimposed basins.This paper will, based on case study in the Tarim basin, report the major developments in studying basin formation, hydrocarbon generation and petroleum accumulation. In study of basin formation, (1) geophysical comprehensive profiles reveal that the Tarim plate has been subducted beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt with an interfinger structure and that the deep structure in the eastern section of the Tianshan orogenic belt is different from that in the western section. (2) The vertical variation in debris and geochemical composition reveals the nature and Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution history of the Kuqa Depression. (3) Field investigation and paleostress reconstruction show that the Kuqa Depression has undergone gravity-driven extension in sedimentary cover when the Tianshan uplifted vertically. In hydrocarbon generation study, new developments include (1) setting environmental index to judge high grade source rocks in marine carbonates, and (2) establishing the lower limit of the organic carbon content for effective carbonate source rocks. In petroleum accumulation study, (1) methods of determining paleopressure and paleotemperature of forming fluid inclusions have been established. (2) The petroleum source analysis has indicated that the crude oil in the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields are derived from the source rocks of the Middle and Upper Ordovician. (3) Three generations of oil inclusions from the Lunnan oilfield have been recognized and dated. 相似文献
18.
重论"上生下储"与"侧向运移" 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油气运移是油气藏形成与分布研究的基础．随着生油层理论的建立和发展,油气“上生下储”与“侧向运移”已经成为解释生油层与储集层关系的金科玉律．随着世界范围内油气勘探实践的积累和油气形成与分布研究,特别是对基岩油气藏勘探研究的不断深入,上述运移途径需要重新加以认识。 相似文献
19.
Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation on the Loess Plateau, Part 2： Seismic Data Interpretation
Jiang Jiayu Fu Shouxian Li Jiuling 《应用地球物理》2005,2(4):247-253
The loess plateau covering the North Shaanxi slope and Tianhuan depression consists of a regional monocline, high in the east and low in the west, with dips of less than 1^0, Structural movement in this region was weak so that faults and local structures were not well developed. As a result, numerous wide and gentle noses and small traps with magnitudes less than 50 m were developed on the large westward-dipping monocline. Reservoirs, including Mesozoic oil reservoirs and Paleozoic gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, are dominantly lithologic with a small number of structural reservoirs. Single reservoirs are characterized as thin with large lateral variations, strong anisotropy, low porosity, low permeability, and low richness. A series of approaches for predicting reservoir thickness, physical properties, and hydrocarbon potential of subtle lithologic reservoirs was established based on the interpretation of erosion surfaces. 相似文献