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1.
腾冲火山地质研究述评 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在综合分析前人有关腾冲火山研究成果的基础上，对该区火山活动的研究现状，火山活动特征，火山活动背景及火山活动与深部岩浆侵入活动的关系等进行了评述。认为腾冲火山群中存在全新世活火山，现今处于休眠状态，具有再次喷发的潜在危险性，因此，进一步深入研究腾冲火山在全新世活动的时间分布规律，对于在该区开展火山活动监测，减灾防灾等方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
腾冲火山及其周围地区的地壳Q值特征 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
本利用腾冲火山活动区及周围地区的地方震尾波资料。根据尾波散射理论,研究了火山地区及周围地区的地壳Ｑ值。结果表明,火山地区的地壳Ｑ值最低。为９５,近邻区的龙陵－－保山地区的１７０－１５０之间。,周围地区最高达２９５左右。是火山地区的１．８－３．０倍左右。地壳Ｑ值的空间２明显表现出腾冲火山活动区为低Ｑ值区,而周围地区为高Ｑ值地区,这种地壳Ｑ值的空间２差异也许反映了火山地区内部介质状态与周围地区构造地 相似文献
3.
腾冲火山活动区的地震活动性研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本通过对腾冲火山活动区及邻区的地震活动性研究。得出如下明显特征;（１）腾冲火山地区的中强地震活动与周边地区有显差异。中强地震主要发生在火山活动区以南的龙陵地区和以西的中缅交界地区。９２）腾冲火山活动中强地震极少,以中、小地震活动为主。另外, 腾冲县城１５１２－１７８５年曾发生５次中强地震。（３）该区长期应变释放相当平缓。（４）腾冲火山活动区ｂ值较高,长期处于低应力背景状态下 相似文献
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腾冲火山活动监测,预测与对策研究中的若干重要问题 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
《膳冲火山活动监测、预测与对策研究》项目是一项集火山活动监测研究、防灾及资源综合开发与利用为一体的系统工程。需要火山地质、地震、地球化学、地球物理、地壳形变及地热等诸多相关学科的合理配置和联合攻关。在过去的３０年,众多学和研究实体对腾冲火山进行 大量的观察和研究获得一批与火山活动的相关的基础研究成果。其中也不乏说明腾冲火山存在在喷发危险性的证据。为了保证本重大项目能在有限时间内及有限的人力、财务 相似文献
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腾冲火山地区的地震活动特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对腾冲火山地区的地震活动时空分布及震情参数的研究结果表明，与火山活动区有关的地震活动具有以下特征：周围构造地震活动频繁而火山群地区则处于地震活动相对平静的背景，震级较低（最高为５．０～６．０级）；地震活动以小的震群活动为主，微震主要发生在腾冲县城南部的热海热田地区。长期的地震频率ｂ值高，达１．２左右；震源深度在０～２０ｋｍ范围，受周围构造大地震的影响，导致火山区地壳内部岩浆活动引起的岩浆冲击型地震发生；火山体地下低速层的存在与地下热物质有关。从腾冲火山活动区地震的时空分布特征和震情参数特征表现出与世界上其它火山地震的相似关系，表明腾冲火山不是死火山，火山体地壳内部存在的岩浆囊或岩浆移动通道内岩浆仍在活动。 相似文献
8.
腾冲火山地热区地壳结构的地震学研究 总被引：23，自引：7，他引：23
根据腾冲火山地热区实施的人工地震测深剖面资料 ,用有限差分反演和正向走时拟合方法确定了地壳二维 P波速度结构 .地壳模型显示 ,在腾冲的热海热田附近上地壳存在低速异常体 ,它与火山地热活动可能有关 .测线的二维地壳结构上显示出两条地壳断裂 :龙陵—瑞丽断裂和腾冲断裂 ,其中腾冲断裂可能切穿莫霍界面 .同时 ,根据远震波形资料反演腾冲热海热田地区的 S波速度结构 ,也显示出该地区上地壳存在 S波的低速异常 .本文从深部结构方面探讨腾冲火山的成因 .腾冲火山地热区地壳具有低 P波和 S波速度、低电阻率、高热流值和低 Q值 ,以及上地幔也具有低 P波速度的特点 .由此推测地壳内岩浆来源于上地幔 ,腾冲附近地区存在的上地壳低速度异常可与岩浆的分异作用相联系 .与地球上大多数的活动火山一样 ,腾冲火山位于移动板块之间的边界附近 ,属于“板块边界”火山 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
长白山火山是一座具有潜在喷发危险的大型近代活动火山,因此通过对该火山活动的监测,加强对长白山天池火山岩浆系统的研究并了解天池火山的活动性质是很有意义的.除了开展长白山火山活动历史、火山地层学、火山岩岩石学、年代学以及火山地质等研究之外,我国从20世纪80年代开始在该火山区域进行了一系列的地球物理探测活动.为深入了解长白山火山区岩浆的分布与活动特征,本文对前人工作进行总结,得到了关于长白山火山活动的以下几个方面的认识:1)通过火山区地震活动性监测得到了火山区的岩浆活动状态;2)利用大地电磁测深对火山区地下是否存在可能再次活动的岩浆囊及其分布形态进行监测,为火山喷发的危险性预测和灾害评价提供依据;3)利用人工源深地震测深对长白山天池及其邻域的结晶基底及地壳精细结构进行讨论;4)利用天然地震对火山区地壳、上地幔结构进行深入研究,分析了与火山区有关的深层动力学因素;5)对国外火山区重力监测实例的调研表明,重力监测对了解岩浆活动状态是十分有效的手段.多种地球物理方法的综合应用,获得了长白山火山地区地壳至地幔转换带的详细资料. 相似文献
10.
主要介绍中国、西班牙两国在Lanzarote火山与地球动力学实验场 12年的合作监测研究。1991年以来 ,中西双方共同在Lanzarote岛火山活动地区建立了Cueva和Timanfaya 2个监测站 ,进行地壳变动和地热流动态监测研究。对合作研制的 2 9台 (套 )监测仪器开展长期稳定实验 ,积累了大量观测资料和数据。初步分析表明 :仪器运行良好 ,记录长期稳定可靠 ;Cueva站的仪器记录主要反映区域或全球地球物理环境或动力学效应 (如海潮、固体潮等 ) ,应变潮汐和倾斜潮汐的O1波、M2 波具有较高精度 ,显示火山目前活动微弱 ;Timanfaya站的仪器记录主要反映局部的火山活动信息 ,显示火山仍在活动但呈下降趋势。为今后火山喷发演变过程的监测研究和进一步合作奠定了基础 相似文献
11.
本文从实际观测资料出发,阐述了张家口南部地区活动断裂带气体地球化学特征,讨论了活动断裂带以温泉形式释放的气体成分与区域地质、水文地质条件等因素的关系,对选择地震观测点和观测项目提出了看法。 相似文献
12.
Emilio Cuoco Stefano Viaroli Thomas H. Darrah Vittorio Paolucci Roberto Mazza Dario Tedesco 《水文研究》2021,35(11):e14409
We present a new geometrical method capable of quantifying and illustrating the outcomes of a three-component mixing dynamics. In a three-component mixing scenario, classical algebraic equations and endmember mixing analysis (EMMA) can be used to quantify the contributions from each fraction. Three-component mixing of natural waters, either in an element–element plot or by using the EMMA mixing subspace is described by a triangular shaped distribution of sample points where each endmember is placed on an apex, while each side corresponds to the mixing function of the two endmembers placed at the apex, considering the third endmembers' contribution equal to zero. Along each side, the theoretical mixing fractions can be computed using mass balance equations. Samples with contributions from three endmembers will plot inside the triangle, while the homogeneous barycentric coordinate projections can be projected onto the three sides. The geochemistry observed in the mineralized Ferrarelle aquifer system (southern Italy) results from three-component mixing of groundwater, each with diagnostic geochemical compositions. The defined boundary conditions allow us to parameterize and validate the procedures for modelling mixing, including selection of suitable geochemical tracers. 相似文献
13.
CORRELATION BETWEEN GAS GEOCHEMICAL EMISSION AND FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE YUXIAN-GUANGLING AND KOUQUAN FAULTS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Soil gas emission is closely related to tectonic and seismic activity and has been widely used to track active faults and monitor seismicity in the upper crust. Because active fault plays an important role as the channel of the earth's deep gas upward migration due to its high permeability and porosity, the geochemical characteristics of soil gas in fault zone is a good indicator of tectonic fracture and activity. In order to study the soil gas geochemical emission intensities and its correlation to fault activity, fluxes of Rn, Hg and CO2 in soil gas and the ground resistivity were surveyed across the Yuxian-Guangling Fault and Kouquan Fault which are both Quaternary active faults in the border area of Shanxi Province, Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 2017, soil gas fluxes were measured in 2 profiles consisting of 10 and 9 wells of depth of 3.0m across the fault scarps in Yuxian-Guangling Fault and Kouquan Fault, respectively. Resistivity tomography sections were attained by ground resistivity survey with electrode spacing of 5.0m along the profiles of soil gas measurement. The gas geochemical data show that there exist two abnormal flux peaks across the Yuxian-Guangling Fault and one in the Kouquan Fault. The high density resistivity measurement shows that fault breccia and fractured rocks zones are developed under the measured faults, where higher values of soil gas flux are also observed. Fractures with high gas permeability in the strata favor the transfer and migration upward of soil gases, which results in the anomalies of gas flux value. In addition, the anomalies of gas flux values are spatially identical with the occurrence of the fault scarps. The soil gas degassing rate of Yuxian-Guangling Fault is higher than that of Kouquan Fault. The research results of high density electrical prospecting and previous tectonic activity show that low-resistance bodies are more developed and the fault activity is stronger with higher slip rate, which leads to the more intense emission of soil gas in Yuxian-Guangling Fault. The conclusions can be made that soil gas geochemical characteristics and degassing rate in fault zone is closely correlated to the tectonic activity and fracture degree. Combination of geochemical and geophysical methods is an efficient way for the monitoring and study of fault activity to estimate the possible earthquake hazards. 相似文献
14.
郯庐断裂带安徽段土壤气体的地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在郯庐断裂带安徽段由北向南分别于泗县、明光、肥东、桐城布设了4个测区,每个测区各布设了4条跨断层土壤气测量剖面,测量土壤气Rn、Hg和CO_2的浓度。根据16条跨断层土壤气剖面的测量结果,对郯庐断裂带安徽段的3种土壤气体的释放特征及其与断层空间位置间的关系进行了初步分析。结果表明,气体在断裂带附近较为富集,对断层位置有一定指示作用;气体的富集程度与断裂的活动性、该区段断层岩性及地质环境有一定关系。该结果对于认识测量区域气体的积累特征及构造地球化学研究有一定意义。 相似文献
15.
Salvatore Inguaggiato Lorenzo Calderone Claudio Inguaggiato Agnes Mazot Sabina Morici Fabio Vita 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(8):1859-1863
Here, we report the first continuous data of geochemical parameters acquired directly from the active summit crater of Vulcano. This approach provides a means to better investigate deep geochemical processes associated with the degassing system of Vulcano Island. In particular, we report on soil CO2 fluxes from the upper part of Vulcano, a closed-conduit volcano, from September 2007 to October 2010. Large variations in the soil CO2 and plume SO2 fluxes (order of magnitude), coinciding with other discontinuous geochemical parameters (CO2 concentrations in fumarole gas) and physical parameters (increase of shallow seismic activity and fumarole temperatures) have been recorded. The results from this work suggest new prospects for strengthening geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity and for improving the constraints in the construction of a “geochemical model”, this being a necessary condition to better understand the functioning of volcanic systems. 相似文献
16.
应力、应变或地震活动会打破地壳中流体原有的水-岩平衡状态,引起地下流体化学组分和同位素的变化。根据河北何家庄流体观测井氢氧同位素和离子化学组分测试结果,分析了该井的地球化学特征及与构造活动的关系。由氢氧同位素结果及高程效应,判定井水来源主要为大气降水,大气降水沿断裂裂隙渗入,深循环后温度增加,经溶滤作用等形成热水;按照舒卡列夫分类法,何家庄井水为Cl-Na.Ca型。受2015年9月14日昌黎M4.2地震的影响,区域应力变化使井孔断裂岩石裂隙增大,深部热水上涌,引起何家庄井水离子组分和氢氧同位素组成等发生变化。研究结果表明,对何家庄井流体地球化学特征进行分析,可以为井孔附近断裂构造活动和地震前兆异常分析提供地球化学依据。 相似文献
17.
V. L. Barsukov V. S. Serebrennikov A. A. Belyaev Yu. A. Bakaldin R. V. Arsenyeva 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):157-163
The discrimination of significant earthquake precursors from background noise is treated as a multistep problem of pattern recognition. Statistical characteristics of helium-content recorded in short time intervals are used as informative parameters. The set of calculated characteristics includes estimations of the mean, the variance, and the results of spectral analysis of the investigated time series. The selection of significant parameters and the rigorous estimations of time shifts between geochemical and seismic series are carried out by analyzing their cross-covariance function. It is established that the most informative characteristics of a hydrothermal system are related to the dynamic fluctuations of the geochemical parameters. The final phase of prediction is based on the application of a method of statistical discovery of images. A method of earthquake-time prediction is suggested. By using this method, we may determine the 10-day interval during which an earthquake may occur two months in advance. The prediction may be improved by increasing the frequency of sampling and by improving the precision of analytical measurements, both of which can be achieved by automation of monitoring devices. Deployment of uniform monitoring networks is needed in regions designated for special prediction tasks. 相似文献
18.
J. P. CULL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1985,33(3):460-467
Anomalies in self potential (SP) are usually explained in terms of geochemical activity. However, there are other sources of current which cause complications in the interpretation. In particular, DC telluric currents can be generated outside the survey region. Contrasts in resistivity cause current channelling and secondary voltages can be induced by leakage. The effect can be demonstrated using network theory and internal sources can be emphasized by subtraction. Joint surveys are required to demonstrate correlations with apparent resistivity. 相似文献
19.
Geochemical heterogeneities and dynamics of magmas within the plumbing system of a persistently active volcano: evidence from Stromboli 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We report here the most complete dataset for major and trace elements, as well as Sr isotopic compositions, of magmas erupted
by Stromboli since the onset of present-day activity 1,800 years ago. Our data relate to both porphyritic scoria and lava
originating in the uppermost parts of the feeding system, plus crystal-poor pumice produced by paroxysmal explosive eruption
of deep-seated, fast ascending, magma. The geochemical variations recorded by Stromboli’s products allow us to identify changes
in magma dynamics affecting the entire plumbing system. Deep-seated magmas vary in composition between two end-members having
different key ratios in strongly incompatible trace elements and Sr isotopes. These features may be ascribed to mantle source
processes (fluid/melt enrichment, variable degrees of melting) and occasional contamination by deep, mafic, cumulates. Temporal
trends reveal three phases during which magmas with distinct geochemical signatures were erupted. The first phase occurred
between the third and fourteenth centuries AD and was characterised by the eruption of evolved magmas sharing geochemical
and Sr isotopic compositions similar to those of earlier periods of activity (<12 ka—Neostromboli and San Bartolo). The second
phase, which began in the sixteenth century and lasted until the first half of the twentieth century, produced more primitive,
less radiogenic, magmas with the lowest Ba/La and Rb/Th ratios of our dataset. The last phase is ongoing and is marked by
a magma having the lowest Sr isotopic composition and highest Rb/Th ratio of the dataset. While this new magma can be clearly
identified in the pumice erupted during the last two paroxysmal eruptions of 2003 and 2007, shallow degassed magma extruded
during this time span records significant geochemical and isotopic heterogeneities. We thus suggest that the shallow reservoir
has been only partially homogenised by this new magma influx. We conclude that compositional variations within the shallow
magma system of a persistently active volcano provide only a biassed signal of ongoing geochemical changes induced by deep
magma refilling. We argue that source changes can only be identified by interpreting the geochemistry of pumice, because it
reliably represents magma transferred directly from deep portions of the plumbing system to the surface. 相似文献
20.
Rocco Favara Fausto Grassa Paolo Madonia Mariano Valenza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(12):2411-2430
During a three-year discontinuous geochemical monitoring of some warm springs and cold discharges located in central-northern
Sicily, some hydro-geochemical changes were observed. Excluding a possible related to a moderate seismic activity were accidentally
identified. The observed anomalies showed amplitudes that were modulated by the different geometries and volumes of the feeding
aquifers. A poroelastic aquifer contraction, a shaking-induced dilatancy theory as well as seismogenetic-induced changes in
the properties of the aquifers have been proposed as possible mechanisms for the water flow and hydro-geochemical changes.
These preliminary results could be used to design a monitoring network aimed at surveilling the seismic activity of the studied
area from a geochemical standpoint. 相似文献