共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
从GPS/MET计划开始,基于GNSS的无线电掩星技术已成为一种强大的近地空间环境探测手段.截至到目前,已经有20多颗发射的低轨道卫星带GPS掩星接收机,其中COSMIC是首个专门用于掩星探测的卫星星座.这些掩星数据被广泛应用于气象预报、气候与全球变化研究、及空间天气监测和电离层研究.由于COSMIC的成功,相关合作单位目前正积极推动COSMIC-2计划,该计划将总共有12颗卫星,于2016年与2019年各发射6颗.COSMIC-2将携带一个高级的GNSS掩星接收机,它将接受GPS与GLONASS信号,并具备接受其他可获得信号源的能力(如中国北斗定位信号),其每日观测的掩星数量将是COSMIC的4~6倍.同时COSMIC-2还将携带两个空间天气载荷,加强空间天气的监测能力.本文以COSMIC与COSMIC-2计划为主线,对掩星的发展历史、技术要点进行了简单介绍,并简要综述了COSMIC取得的部分科学成果,同时对未来包括技术发展和众多的掩星观测进行了展望. 相似文献
3.
人类活动引起全球变暖,衡量全球气候变化的指标有陆地、大气和海洋温度,水汽含量等等.研究对流层底层大气温度和水汽含量变化的传统方法是用数值天气预报模型和微波声纳,尚未实现用全球均匀覆盖的数据来做精确的定量研究.和GNSS系列卫星计划比较,最近发射的COSMIC卫星气象探测数据的空间、时间以及垂直分辨率都大大提高.采用COSMIC数据可以改进和量化南极洲的大气压力模型,并综合GNSS系列卫星测量的水汽和温度剖面研究全球气候变化.用一维协方差算法估计南极洲及附近海洋的大气压、温度和湿度剖面.把COSMIC卫星密集测量期间演算得到的大气折射率和GNSS系列卫星的结果进行比较.再和独立测量数据进行比较,包括南极洲自动气象观测站资料,数值天气预报模型资料,多种测高卫星水汽资料和海洋表面温度资料以及区域GPS水汽图.上述工作将改进发展中的气象遥感技术并应用于天气预报和空间天气预报及全球气候变化研究. 相似文献
4.
国际海洋地震观测最新进展和我国海洋地震观测发展探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋地震观测是全球地震观测的一个重要组成部分。论述了国际海洋地震观测的最新进展及我国海洋地震观测的发展情况：目前全球海洋地震观测已进入深海海底长期定点实时观测阶段,美国、加拿大、日本和我国台湾地区的几个环太平洋大型海底科学观测项目正在安装调试,日本还启动了海底发震带的钻探及钻孔观测以研究海底动力学过程。我国也断续开展了一些海洋地震观测试验,但目前长期海洋地震观测基本处于空白。认为,海洋地震观测技术门槛高,系统性强,但近年来在美日等国已趋于成熟,正在推广实用。未来防震减灾应用广泛,需要关注。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Meng Zhiyong Zhang Fuqing Luo Dehai Tan Zhemin Fang Juan Sun Jianhua Shen Xueshun Zhang Yunji Wang Shuguang Han Wei Zhao Kun Zhu Lei Hu Yongyun Xue Huiwen Ma Yaping Zhang Lijuan Nie Ji Zhou Ruilin Li Sa Liu Hongjun Zhu Yuning 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):1946-1991
Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people's life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment. 相似文献
8.
介绍了在香港地区重力固体潮合作观测成果, 获得了该地区完整的重力固体潮实测模型. 利用全球和近海海潮模型以及岛屿验潮站数据较系统地研究了海潮负荷特征, 反演了全球海潮模型的适定性. 数值结果说明周日频段内的海潮模型要比半日频段内的模型更加稳定, 实施验潮站潮位高变化改正对精密确定重力固体潮相位滞后起重要作用. 文章还研究了重力观测残差和台站背景噪声水平. 本项研究填补了中国地壳运动观测网络在该地区重力固体潮观测空白, 为地表和空间大地测量提供有效参考和服务. 相似文献
9.
Tang Geshi Li Xie Cao Jianfeng Liu Shushi Chen Guangming Man Haijun Zhang Xiaomin Shi Sihan Sun Ji Li Yongping Calabia Andres 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(2):257-266
On September 20 th, 2015, twenty satellites were successfully deployed into a near-polar circular orbit at 520 km altitude by the Chinese CZ-6 test rocket, which was launched from the Tai Yuan Satellite Launch Center. Among these satellites, a set of 4 Cube Sats conform the atmospheric density detection and precise orbit determination(APOD) mission, which is projected for atmospheric density estimation from in-situ detection and precise orbit products. The APOD satellites are manufactured by China Spacesat Co. Ltd. and the payload instruments include an atmospheric density detector(ADD), a dual-frequency dualmode global navigation satellite system(GNSS) receiver(GPS and Beidou), a satellite laser ranging(SLR) reflector, and an S/Xband very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) beacon. In this paper, we compare the GNSS precise orbit products with colocated SLR observations, and the 3 D orbit accuracy shows better than 10 cm RMS. These results reveal the great potential of the onboard micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS) GNSS receiver. After calibrating ADD density estimates with precise orbit products, the accuracy of our density products can reach about 10% with respect to the background density. Density estimates from APOD are of a great importance for scientific studies on upper atmosphere variations and useful for model data assimilation. 相似文献
10.
11.
本文介绍如何利用GRACE两颗卫星之间K波段双频微波精密测距和轨道数据,得到星间平均电子密度.发展了一种将连续轨道电子密度极小对齐到零的方法,以消除整周模糊度;借助CHAMP卫星朗缪探针测量得到的轨道电子密度基值以及GPS掩星数据计算的等离子体垂直梯度标高,进一步修正了GRACE星间电子密度所固有的偏差;从而得到大约500 km高度上长达近十年的全球电子密度数据.为了检验消除偏差后GRACE星间电子密度数据的可靠性,对比了GRACE卫星过Millstone Hill雷达上空时,非相干散射雷达观测到的大致同时和相近位置的电子密度数据,结果显示,二者之间的线性相关系数为0.97,平均偏差为-7.26%,GRACE星间电子密度总体稍微偏低,偏差的标准差为18.6%.为进一步验证本文方法所得数据的可用价值,利用消除偏差后的电子密度数据,对GRACE卫星与CHAMP卫星在近乎相同的地方时而高度不同的近圆极轨道上飞行的情况下,两颗卫星观测到的电子密度随经度和纬度的全球分布进行了对比分析.多方面的对比检验证明,本文方法得到的几乎连续10年的GRACE高度上全球电子密度数据基本可靠,为电离层气候学与天气学研究提供了宝贵资料. 相似文献
12.
国际地磁台网计划INTERMAGNET 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文介绍了国际地磁台网计划（INTERMAGNET）的目的、意义、提出、发展过程及未来趋势，强调指出它对地磁台站现代化建设，地磁学研究，地球物理学发展以及空间天气预报的影响及作用．地磁场和空间环境的全球性质越来越迫切地要求各国学术团体和组织进行大规模国际合作，而作为地学研究的基础—台站建设与观测，资料收集与交换，资源共享与扩展—更应成为地球科学家关心的重要问题与焦点。 相似文献
13.
14.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2000,62(14):1223-1232
Space-weather impacts society in diverse ways. Societies’ responses have been correspondingly diverse. Taken together these responses constitute a space weather “enterprise”, which has developed over time and continues to develop. Technological systems that space-weather affects have grown from isolated telegraph systems in the 1840s to ocean and continent-spanning cable communications systems, from a generator electrifying a few city blocks in the 1880s to continent-spanning networks of high-tension lines, from wireless telegraphy in the 1890s to globe-spanning communication by radio and satellites. To have a name for the global totality of technological systems that are vulnerable to space weather, I suggest calling it the cyberelectrosphere. When the cyberelectrosphere was young, scientists who study space weather, engineers who design systems that space weather affects, and operators of such systems — the personnel behind the space-weather enterprise — were relatively isolated. The space-weather enterprise was correspondingly incoherent. Now that the cyberelectrosphere has become pervasive and indispensable to most segments of society, the space weather enterprise has become systematic and coherent. At present it has achieved considerable momentum, but it has barely begun to realize the level of effectiveness to which it can aspire, as evidenced by achievements of a corresponding but more mature enterprise in meteorology, a field which provides useful lessons. The space-weather enterprise will enter a new phase after it matures roughly to where the tropospheric weather enterprise is now. Then it will become indispensable for humankind's further global networking through technology and for humankind's further utilization of and expansion into space. 相似文献
15.
2017年即将发射的中国电磁监测试验卫星将填补地震电离层立体监测体系中不可或缺的空白区域,也将为天地一体化地震电磁对比校验及圈层耦合机理认识提供重要的科学支撑.针对近期地震电离层立体监测体系发展的需求,本文主要介绍了目前国内用于地震研究的地基及空基电离层探测技术,包括电离层垂测/斜测、甚低频(VLF)电波观测、舒曼谐振观测、GPS及空间卫星电磁等,并总结了各种探测技术在国内外地震应用研究中的进展; 最后结合不同探测手段的优势,探讨了地震电磁立体探测系统的构建,并就未来的多手段综合应用发展提出了建议. 相似文献
16.
顶部电离层是低轨道卫星的运行空间,是能量粒子沉降的重要区域,认识这个空间的能量粒子分布特征对研究各种空间天气事件、地震、火山以及其他人类活动引起的扰动具有重要的现实意义.本文利用位于顶部电离层的5颗NOAA系列卫星数据,统计研究了100~300keV的电子和80~2500keV的质子的全球分布特征.研究发现:高能电子和质子主要分布在两极辐射带和南大西洋异常区,两极辐射带观测到的高能电子通量比南大西洋异常区高几倍到一个数量级,而质子则相反;高能电子在两极辐射带地区通量分布具有不对称性,主要表现为在北辐射带西经75°到东经90°存在低值区,相对应的是粒子主要聚集在其磁共轭区,且其边界和南大西洋异常区相交;高能质子两极辐射带对称分布,在南半球东经0°至东经50°存在高值区.利用概率密度统计分析发现,各颗卫星在南大西洋异常区和两极辐射带的高能电子和高能质子通量总体上均呈正态分布.在南大西洋异常区,NOAA-15观测到的高能电子通量比其他卫星的低,NOAA-16观测的高能电子通量比其他卫星的高,各卫星的高能质子观测结果基本相同.在两极辐射带,各卫星观测的高能电子通量结果基本相同,NOAA-18和NOAA-19观测的质子通量最高,NOAA-16和NOAA-17次之,NOAA-15最低,其中NOAA-19比NOAA-15观测到的质子通量要高一个数量级左右.在磁暴期间顶部电离层高能电子的变化表明地磁指数Dst和空间粒子通量变化具有时间同步性.本文的研究成果将为我国下一代电磁卫星设计提供基础依据. 相似文献
17.
1 Introduction Large-scale mass redistribution, or temporal varia- tion of mass within the Earth system, the driving force of interactions between solid Earth and geophysical fluids envelope (i.e., atmosphere, ocean, and hydro- sphere), is an important geophysical process critical to human life. Most of the interactions between solid Earth and the atmosphere/oceans happen at seasonal and inter-annual time scales. One important contribu- tor of mass redistribution at seasonal and inter-annual … 相似文献
18.
Progress and performance evaluation of BeiDou global navigation satellite system: Data analysis based on BDS-3 demonstration system 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The first two Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites of the third generation of BeiDou satellite navigation System (BDS-3) were successfully launched on November 5, 2017. This historical launch starts the new era of the global navigation satellite system of BeiDou. Before the first two satellites of BDS-3, a demonstration system for BDS-3 with five satellites, including two Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit satellites (IGSO) and three MEO satellites, was established between 2015 and 2016 for testing the new payloads, new designed signals and new techniques. In the demonstration system, the new S frequency signal and satellite hydrogen clock as well as inter-satellite link (ISL) based on Ka-band signals with time-division multiple addresses (TDMA) were tested. This paper mainly analyzes the performances of the demonstration system, including the signalto- noise ratios, pseudorange errors and the multipath errors of the civilian signals of BDS-3. The qualities of signals in space, time synchronization and timing precision were tested as well. Most of the performances were compared with those of the regional BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS-2). At last, the performances of positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) of the future BeiDou global system (BDS-3) were evaluated based on the signal quality of the present demonstration satellite system. 相似文献
19.
The first fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model developed in China was released in the mid-1990s. Since then, significant advances in climate system model developments have been achieved by improving the representations of major physical processes, increasing resolutions, and including an ice-shelf component. There have also been many modeling studies in China on the polar climate system, including weather and sea-ice numerical forecasts to meet the national needs of polar scientific expeditions, assessments of the state-of-the-art coupled model performance, and process-oriented studies. Future model developments and modeling activities will need to address several big scientific questions originating from the polar climate system: i) How will polar ice mass balance evolve and affect global sea level? ii) How can we properly simulate openocean deep convection and quantify its role in driving the lower branch of the global overturning circulation? iii) How are Arctic and Antarctic connected and what caused the contrasting sea ice trends in the two polar regions over the last decades? To address these questions, polar climate system modelers will need to analyze extended observational datasets on a global scale and work together with other polar researchers to develop a more comprehensive and sustainable observation system in the polar regions. 相似文献
20.
With the increase in global environmental problems, the necessity and urgency of remote sensing technology being applied to environmental monitoring has been widely recognized around the world. China has launched the environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellation HJ-1A/B and the FY3 atmosphere and environmental satellite, but they still cannot fully satisfy requirements for environmental monitoring. This paper summarizes the current status of satellite environmental monitoring in China and the existing problems of inadequate load design and low data utilization efficiency, and discusses the demand for environmental monitoring satellites. Based on the development of foreign satellite systems for environmental monitoring, the future development and key tasks of the environmental monitoring satellite system in China is discussed, as are some related initiatives. 相似文献