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本文首先运用EASY% Ro反演法对伊洛瓦底盆地由北向南进行了热史的恢复,北部钦敦凹陷的平均古地温梯度为13.0~15.0 ℃/km,中部沙林凹陷的平均古地温梯度为18.0~22.0 ℃/km,南部三角洲凹陷的平均古地温梯度为33.0~37.0 ℃/km.从模拟结果可以看出,盆地由北向南地温梯度逐渐升高,生烃门限的深度由深变浅.然后模拟了盆地的构造沉降史.模拟结果表明,盆地具有幕式构造沉降特征,这反映了伊洛瓦底盆地可能处于弧间或弧后的构造背景.伊洛瓦底盆地北部和南部具有不同幕次的构造沉降史,北部在早始新世时期（53~51 Ma）经历了一幕拉伸过程,然后进入了热沉降期,并伴随局部的快速隆升;南部则经历了两幕拉张过程,分别是在早始新世时期（53~51 Ma）和中中新世时期（21~13 Ma）.盆地的这种南北构造沉降的差异很可能是造成盆地地温梯度北低南高的原因. 相似文献
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鹤庆深钻孢粉记录揭示的2.78 Ma以来的植被演替与气候变迁 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对云南鹤庆盆地737.72 m长的湖泊沉积岩芯进行高分辨率的孢粉研究表明, 2.780 Ma以来鹤庆盆地周围山地的古植被与古气候经历了6次大的变化, 即2.780~2.729 Ma BP, 研究区周围山地主要被松林所占据, 垂直植被带结构简单, 反映气候相对温暖干旱; 2.729~2.608 Ma BP, 寒温针叶林和铁杉林面积增加较多, 已存在结构清楚的垂直带谱, 但根据孢粉组合中生长在低海拔的热带、亚热带成分含量也普遍增加可以推测此期寒温针叶林和铁杉林面积增加主要是由于山体强烈抬升为它们的母体植物提供了向上扩张的空间和生长条件的结果, 相对应的盆地周围较低海拔区气候相对温暖湿润; 2.608~1.553 Ma BP, 研究区周围山地大部分被松林所占据, 寒温针叶林林带上升, 反映气候整体偏暖干; 1.553~0.876 Ma BP, 研究区周围山地的垂直植被带增多, 并且植被带上下迁移的幅度变大, 反映气候变化幅度增加、气候组合特征更加复杂且大部分时期偏冷; 0.876~0.252 Ma BP, 研究区周围山地已存在现今所具有的所有植被带, 各植被带的组成成分较前期更丰富且复杂, 它们在不同时期此消彼长, 互相更替, 而且其上下迁移的幅度是整个剖面中最大的, 反映气候变化的幅度更大但频率降低、气候的组合特征更加复杂; 0.252 Ma BP至今, 研究区周围山地的大部分时期是松林和半湿润常绿阔叶林的扩张期, 其他植被带扩张的时期很短, 反映气候冷暖波动的幅度减小. 在此6次大的古植被与古气候变化背景下, 还存在多次次一级的植被演替与气候波动. 在此基础上, 进一步探讨了鹤庆盆地植被演替与气候变化的驱动机制, 初步认为其主要影响因素是轨道参数等外部因素, 但在2次山地垂直植被带明显增加和3次大的气候转型时, 青藏高原隆升对鹤庆地区的环境变化起了非常重要的作用. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2010,(12)
在系统查阅1996～2008年中国地质调查局在青藏高原完成的177幅1:25万地质填图和前人已发表的新生代地层资料的基础上,划分出青藏高原及邻区古近纪-新近纪残留盆地共98个,归属为南疆-西昆仑、柴达木-祁连-西秦岭、羌塘-川西、扬子西缘、冈底斯-喜马拉雅-恒河共5个地层区,进一步细分为13个地层分区.通过对各个地层分区的残留盆地类型、形成构造背景、各分区内的岩石地层序列及其沉积特征、地层接触关系、时代确定依据与沉积演化过程的描述,将青藏高原新生代的隆升及其沉积响应划分为3大阶段、8个亚阶段:一是俯冲碰撞隆升阶段(65～34Ma),含3个亚阶段:(1)65～56Ma:印度与欧亚板块初始碰撞,恒河前陆盆地和成都、塔里木压陷盆地形成.(2)56～45Ma:印度与欧亚板块碰撞高峰期,高原北部柴达木-可可西里-羌塘压陷盆地和东北缘的兰州-西宁压陷盆地形成.(3)45～34Ma:约40Ma左右藏南新特提斯残留海消亡,印度与欧亚板块全面完成碰撞;高原东缘走滑拉分盆地初始发育.约40Ma以来喜马拉雅沉积缺失,标志喜马拉雅初始隆升;约36Ma以来冈底斯带区域不整合面发育,标志冈底斯初始隆升.二是陆内汇聚挤压隆升阶段(34～13Ma),含3个亚阶段:(1)34～25Ma:沿冈底斯分布日贡拉砾岩,是冈底斯持续隆升的产物.高原东北缘出现临夏-循化新的压陷盆地.(2)25～20Ma:沿冈底斯带南缘广布大竹卡组砾岩.可可西里-沱沱河地区角度不整合面发育和盆地内的古近纪地层抬升变形,指示可可西里-沱沱河发生较大幅度隆升.约23Ma时塔里木海相沉积结束,高原及周边不整合面广布,标志高原整体隆升.(3)20～13Ma:高原内及周边大型盆地全面发展,盆内发育持续湖侵充填序列,高原及周边出现最大湖泊扩张期;高原东缘走滑拉分盆地发育进入鼎盛期.三是陆内均衡调整隆升阶段(13Ma以来),含2个亚阶段:(1)13～5Ma:喜马拉雅-冈底斯隆升到相当高度,使该带因东西向伸展而导致南-北向断陷盆地形成;约8Ma左右出现强的构造抬升剥露,8Ma之后高原及邻区大型湖泊进入湖退期.(2)5Ma以来:高原整体隆升;高原内和周缘盆地沉积萎缩.约3.5Ma高原周缘堆积巨砾岩. 相似文献
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西太平洋板片俯冲与后撤引起华北东部地幔置换并导致陆内盆-山耦合 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华北中生代构造-岩浆活动频繁,深部岩石圈地幔性质发生变化,即克拉通发生活化作用.活化作用大致可分为三个阶段:(1)晚古生代至早侏罗世(至~170Ma),(2)中侏罗世至早白垩世早期(160~140Ma),(3)早白垩世至新生代(~140Ma以来).其中后两个阶段与古太平洋板片俯冲及后撤导致华北东部深部的岩石圈地幔置换并引起陆内浅部的盆山耦合过程是本文讨论的重点.在第一阶段,古亚洲洋俯冲和关闭引起华北北缘经历弧后拉张、碰撞挤压及碰撞后伸展等构造-岩浆活动,而且造成陆块边缘完整性的机械破坏和地幔性质的化学改造,成为后续软流圈物质上涌的通道和岩浆活动的优先发生区;受华南陆块俯冲的影响,华北南缘也发生了类似的过程.在第二阶段,蒙古鄂霍次克洋闭合及古太平洋板片俯冲剪切,引起华北北缘的两次近S-N向的挤压作用(燕山运动的A、B幕),近E-W向分布的陆缘盆地被晚中生代岩体和NE-SW断裂肢解为零星分布的盆岭省,岩浆作用由东北角向西迁移进入地块内部,同时郯庐断裂的性质由左行走滑转换为正断层,华北由早期的近S-N向的压扭性背景进入NW-SE向的弧后拉张阶段.第三阶段是华北克拉通破坏和岩石圈地幔增生的关键时期,深部难熔的克拉通型地幔被饱满的大洋型地幔置换,实现岩石圈大幅度减薄后的小幅增生增厚过程;浅部的表现是岩浆作用持续向东南迁移,陆内岩石圈薄弱带优先发生伸展变形,包括在早白垩世(140~110Ma)中部带侏罗纪逆冲断层反转为正断层、郯庐断裂的持续拉张引起中地壳拆离和大渤海湾盆地的沉降;晚白垩世至今(110Ma~),中部山带发生断陷作用形成汾渭盆地和沁水盆地,大渤海盆地内部断陷形成盆-山相间的地貌特征,苏鲁造山带则发育莱阳盆地等.华北克拉通规模小并发育陆内薄弱带,是克拉通容易破坏的内因.具这种特性的克拉通容易受周边多个俯冲构造域和上涌软流圈物质的共同影响.晚中生代(~160Ma)以来,华北克拉通破坏主要表现为周边块体的俯冲导致软流圈物质上涌、岩石圈减薄和浅部地壳滑脱,岩石圈薄弱带处(如中部山带)出现褶皱和逆冲,实现伸展背景下的局部挤压;俯冲板块后撤(~140Ma)则使上涌的软流圈回落形成岩石圈并实现地幔小幅增生置换(~125Ma)与伸展背景下浅部地壳断陷和成盆过程.因此,西太平洋板片俯冲和后撤是引起华北东部深部岩石圈地幔置换并导致陆内浅部盆-山耦合的外在动力来源,表明华北克拉通破坏是地块内部与地块边缘、深部过程与浅部盆-山耦合响应的综合地质记录,我们认为这也是燕山运动的本质. 相似文献
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云南鹤庆盆地HQ钻孔剖面分析出介形类13属．32种．根据介形类丰度、分异度及百分含量的变化情况，结合孢粉、总有机碳含量(TOC)、碳氮比(C／N)、碳酸盐含量等的分布，将鹤庆盆地近15万年以来的古气候、古环境变化初步划分为5个阶段，同时又划分出若干亚阶段．总的气候特征为冷期偏湿、暖期偏干，在冷湿和暖干的宏观波动背景上存在次级波动，反映出其气候变化的区域特性．同时．各气候阶段基本可与深海氧同位素V28-38钻孔、黄土／古土壤序列邙山剖面反映的气候阶段相对比，又显示出其气候变化的协同性．在构造与气候的双重作用下．在11790aBP左右湖盆被彻底切开． 相似文献
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下扬子天目山盆地火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS定年及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天目山盆地是下扬子江南隆起带保存较完整的中生代火山盆地,中生代火山岩系岩性自下而上主要为流纹岩-英安岩-安山岩。对盆地内黄尖组下段流纹岩和英安岩分别进行了锆石 LA-ICP MS定年,分别获得了133．6±1．5 Ma（MSWD＝0．73）和135．0±2．1 Ma（MSWD＝0．78）的锆石U-Pb年龄,指示天目山盆地黄尖组火山岩时代为早白垩世。天目山盆地火山活动起始时间和长江中下游地区晚中生代火山活动基本一致,说明江南隆起带和长江中下游地区在早白垩世均处于强烈拉张环境。 相似文献
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A 2.8 Ma record of environmental evolution and tectonic events inferred from the Cuoe core in the middle of Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on a multi-proxy investigation into the deep core of the Cuoe Lake in the middle of Tibetan Plateau, a 2.8 Ma paleoclimatic
and paleoenvironmental evolution is reconstructed. The result of magnetic stratum indicates that the lake basin was formed
at about 2.8 MaBP, while the multi-proxy analyses of lithology, grain size, magnetic susceptibility and geochemical elements
reveal that there have been three major environmental evolution stages and at least two intensive uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau
in the lake basin area, i.e. during 2.8-2.5 MaBP, the lake basin came into being as a result of the disaggregation of the
planation surface and rapid rising of the Tibetan Plateau. During 2.5-0.8 MaBP, with gradual uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,
the environment of this area was more effectively controlled by the climatic cycle of the alternative glacial-interglacial
stages. After 0.8 MaBP, the middle part of the Plateau accelerated its uplift and entered cryoshere. 相似文献
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Preliminary analysis on the relationships between Tibetan Plateau NDVI change and its surface heat source and precipitation of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wei Hua GuangZhou Fan DingWen Zhou ChangJian Ni XueMin Li YongLi Wang YaQin Liu XianLun Huang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(5):677-685
The tectonic-sedimentary cycles and environmental evolution in Southwest Monsoon area since 2.78 Ma were reconstructed, based
on the analyses of lithology, grain size, carbonate content, loss-on-ignition (LOI) and pollen in a 737.72 m sediment core
from the Heqing Basin, China. The results indicated that the lake basin was formed in about 2.78 Ma. Continuous lacustrine
sediment was preserved since 2.65 Ma. Three stages of tectonic-sedimentary cycle were revealed, which were 2.78–1.55, 1.55–0.99
and 0.99–0 Ma. The environmental evolution in Heqing area was influenced by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the resulting
variation of Southwest Monsoon and the earth orbital-scale periodicity.
Supported by the Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40331003 and 40625007) 相似文献
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The Yuncheng salt lake has formed under the setting of stepped subsidence of fault-blocks from the north to the south in Yuncheng Basin. In the phase of red clay accumulation during 7.1-3.6 Ma, the size of palaeo-lake was larger than the present salt lake, and palaeo-monsoon had formed. At 3.6 Ma, the northern basement in the basin raised abruptly due to the radiative effect of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifting, and palaeo-lake was contracting southwards. At ca. 2.6 Ma ancient river flowed into the northern part of the basin. During ca. 2.0-1.9 Ma aerolian effect strengthened and loess started to accumulate on the most part of the basin. Since ca. 1.8-1.0 Ma the subsidence of the lake fault-block has been speeding up abruptly. As under the natural hydrogradient the salt lake received enough groundwater supply, and the rate of loess accumulation in the lake area was lower than that of subsidence of the lake fault-block, the lake could be preserved and becomes the only modern lake on Chinese Loess Plateau. Four large strengthening change records of the monsoon were found in the lake sequence of 5.8-1.9 Ma B.P. 相似文献
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Song Chunhui Fang Xiaomin Li Jijun Gao Junping Zhao Zhijun Fan Majie 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2001,44(1):192-202
Sediments shed from the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Qilian Mountains, are widely deposited in the foreland basin, the Jiuxi Basin, archiving plenty of information about the mountain surface uplift and erosion history. The Laojunmiao section, 1960 m thick, representing the upper sequence of the Cenozoic basin sediments, is paleomagnetically dated to about 13-0 Ma BP. Detailed sedimentary study of this sequence has revealed five sedimentary facies associations which determine four stages of sedimentary environment evolution. They are: (I) the half-deep lake system before 12.18 Ma BP, (II) the shallow lake system between 12.18 and 8.26 Ma BP, (III) the fan delta dominated sedimentary system in dry climate between 8.26 and 6.57 Ma BP, and (IV) alluvial fan system since 6.57 Ma BP. The associated mountain erosion and uplift are suggested to have experienced three phases, that is, tectonic stable (13-8.26 Ma BP), gradual uplift (8.26-<4.96 Ma BP), and rapid intermittent uplift (>3.66-0 Ma BP). The uplift at ∼3.66 Ma BP is of great importance in tectonics and geomorphology. Since then, tectonic uplift and mountain building have been accelerated and become strong intermittent. At least three significant tectonic events took place with ages at <1.80-1.23, 0.93-0.84 and 0.14 Ma BP, respectively. Thus, the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau is a complex process of multiple phases, unequal speed and irregular movements.
相似文献16.
Ganyanchi (Salt Lake)basin, located in the central part of the Haiyuan Fault, northeastern corner of the Tibetan plateau, is the largest pull-apart basin along this fault. Due to its location in northeastern Tibet, the Ganyanchi Basin preserves an important sedimentary record of tectonism and climate change associated with progressive growth of the Tibetan plateau. The sediments of this basin also contain abundant information regarding the deformational history of the bounding strike-slip fault, i.e., the Haiyuan Fault. Therefore, a detailed study on the depository history of the Ganyanchi Basin is of great importance. Earlier studies only focused on regional geological mapping and paleoseismic research, however, no sedimentologic or chronological work has been done in the Ganyanchi pull-apart basin. To address this problem, we drilled a 328m-deep borehole, named HY-C8, at the south of the cross-basin fault and near the active depocenter, and employ magnetostratigraphic analyses and seismic reflection data to constrain the age and to deduce the evolving history of the basin. The deep borehole profile shows that the stratigraphy of the basin can be divided into three main units (Unit Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ), which began to deposit at about 2.76, 2.33 and 1.78Ma, respectively. The grain size of the deposits manifests an upward thinning trend, which probably implies the profile is a characteristic retrogradational sequence. The magnetic susceptibility results indicate that the playa lake probably was formed at about 1.78Ma ago, the corresponding playa-lake deposits recorded more than eight high susceptibility sections, which are most likely due to the iron sulfides (such as melnikovite, pyrrhotine etc.)that were usually produced in high-lake-level and reduction conditions. A combination of boreholes and shallow seismic reflection data indicates that the Ganyanchi Basin is mainly controlled by the cross-basin fault and its northern boundary fault, and the depocenter, probably deeper than 550m, lies in between these two faults. Finally, the sedimentary facies of the Ganyanchi Basin experienced a four-stage evolving history:eluvial facies (before~2.76Ma)to alluvial fan facies (about 2.76~2.33Ma)to distal alluvial fan facies (2.33~1.78Ma)to playa lake facies (1.78Ma~present). Based on accumulation rates, the stage of playa lake can be divided into two subchrons, and the depositional rates of subchrons 2 (about 0.78Ma~present)is as high as 232.5m/Ma, which probably was caused by the activity along the cross-basin fault in the Ganyanchi Basin. 相似文献
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Jun Hosoi Makoto Okada Tomohiro Gokan Kazuo Amano Andrew James Martin 《Island Arc》2015,24(3):288-300
It is well known that a counterclockwise rotation occurred in the Miocene in northeast Japan. However, the detailed timing and mechanism of the rotation has been debated. Moreover, there has been no research about the relationship between rotational tectonics and the evolution of sedimentary basins. We carried out paleomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses in Nishiwaga Town, Iwate Prefecture, northeast Japan, where the stratigraphy and sedimentary basin formation have previously been clarified. We found that there was a counterclockwise rotational movement of about 45° at about 15 Ma. From our results and previous studies on the tectonics and sedimentary basin development, we are able to ascertain the following tectonic history and sedimentary basin evolution in this area: (i) before the rotational movement, sandstone and mudstone were deposited in a tranquil environment with no volcanic activity coupled with slow tectonic subsidence; (ii) between 16.4–15.1 Ma and 14 Ma, a counterclockwise rotation occurred with rapid tectonic subsidence and continuous explosive volcanism; (iii) at about 14 Ma, the counterclockwise rotation ended and there was a reduction in both subsidence and volcanism. This result shows the impact that rotational tectonics can have on sedimentary basin formation. 相似文献
18.
Palynological evidence for vegetational and climatic changes from the HQ deep drilling core in Yunnan Province, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The high-resolution pollen study of a 737.72-m-long lake sediment core in the Heqing Basin of Yunnan Province shows that the vegetation and climate of mountains around the Heqing Basin went through six obvious changes since 2.780 Ma B.P. Namely, Pinus forest occupied most mountains around the studied area and the structure of vertical vegetational belt was simple between 2.780 and 2.729 Ma B.P., reflecting a relatively warm and dry climate. During 2.729―2.608 Ma B.P., the areas of cold-temperate conifer forest (CTCF) and Tsuga forest increased and the structure of vertical vegetational belt became clear. According to percentages of tropical and subtropical elements growing in low-altitude regions rifely increased, we speculate that the increase of CTCF and Tsuga forest areas mainly resulted from strong uplift of mountains which provided upward expanding space and growing condition for these plants. Thus, the climate of the low-altitude regions around the basin was relatively warm and humid. Between 2.608 and 1.553 Ma B.P., Pinus forest occupied most mountains around the studied area and forest line of CTCF rose, which reflects a moderately warm-dry climate on the whole. During 1.553―0.876 Ma B.P., the structure of vertical vegetational belt in mountains around the studied area became complicated and the amplitude of vegetational belts shifting up and down enlarged, which implies that the amplitude of climatic change increased, the climatic associational feature was more complex and the climate was moderately cold at a majority of the stage. During 0.876―0.252 Ma B.P., there were all vertical vegetational belts existing at present in mountains around the studied area. The elements of each belt were more abundant and complex than earlier. At different periods in the stage vertical vegetational belts occurred as expanding or shrinking, and alternated each other. The amplitude of vegetational belts shifting up and down was the maximum in the whole section. This change suggests that the amplitude of climatic change was evidently larger than earlier, but the frequency reduced and the climatic associational feature was more complex. From 0.252 Ma B.P. to the present, the most time was characteristic of the expanding of Pinus forest and semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (SEBF) in mountains around the studied area, while expanding time of other vegetational belts was very short, which reflects a smaller amplitude of cold and warm fluctuation. On the basis of the six obvious cycles of vegetational and climatic changes, there were still many times of secondary vegetational successions and climatic oscillations. Based on the above analysis, the forcing mechanism of vegeta-tional succession and climatic change in the Heqing Basin is further discussed. It is primarily consid-ered that main influential factors were exterior factors such as orbital parameters, etc., but the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau played a very important function for environmental changes in the Heqing Basin at two times obvious increase of vertical vegetational belts and three climatic transitions. 相似文献