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1.
对于具有流体对流层的旋转星球 ,由于星球自转对对流的影响 ,必然会在星球对流层内部不同部分间以及星球的不同圈层间产生差异旋转 (differentialrotation) .所谓差异旋转是指旋转角速度随着深度 (星球不同圈层的旋转角速度不同 )以及纬度 (同一圈层内部不同部分间的角速度不同 )具有差异的现象 .地球是一个多圈层的旋转系统 ,主要由大气圈、水圈、岩石圈、地幔、外核以及内核组成 .大气圈和水圈具有明显的流体性质 ,并且在漫长的地质年代中 ,地幔、岩石圈和地幔之间的软流层以及外核均具有流体性质 ,而且在大气压力、热、重力和电磁力等的作用下发生了对流 .这些对流运动一旦受到地球自转的影响 ,就必然会致使地球各圈层间以及对流层内部不同部分间产生差异旋转 .几个重要现象 :基本地磁场的长期西漂、岩石圈的长期西漂、地球自转速率变化 (周日长度波动 )和固体内核各向异性对称轴的移动表明在固体地球内部各圈层—岩石圈、地幔、外核和内核间存在差异旋转 .来自地震学上的数据证明了固体内核与地幔之间存在较明显的差异旋转 ,速率可达 1.1°～ 3.0°/a.这跟其它数据如自由振荡数据以及地磁场长期西漂数据获得的结果具有很大的差异 .导致固体地球内核相对于地幔差异旋转的主要宏观机制为电磁力矩、引 相似文献
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本文通过资料分析和模型计算,得到地球自转速率长期减慢趋势和周期波动规律的形成原因.潮汐摩擦是地球自转减慢的主要因素,重力分异和圈层角动量交换是地球自转周期变化的主要因素,重力分异造成的地球各圈层差异旋转是地壳自转变化先慢后快的特殊因素.重力分异将一个均匀的自转地球变为分层的差异旋转地球,在质量向地心集中的同时,自转动能也向地核集中,使地壳和地幔自转变慢,使地核自转变快.圈层角动量交换将地球自转动能变为热能,积累在核幔边界,使地壳和地幔自转变快,地核自转变慢.核幔边界积累的热能周期性使外核热膨胀,为热幔柱和火山活动提供了能源和动力,火山活动高峰对应地球自转加快是证据.计算模型表明,地球自转速度变化的规律和历史记录证明重力分异和圈层差异旋转是地壳运动的主要动力,受地球自转速度变化的约束,地球体积不会有较大的胀缩,国内外测量结果证实了这一结论. 相似文献
3.
为探讨地球磁场的形成机理,应用经典电磁理论以微分的思维方式建立起三种自激发电机模型,用球形自激发电机模型简明地描述地球磁场的形成和分布;从分析地轴参考系中相对于自转地球静止的电荷间洛仑兹力的特点以及地球上的电荷在地球电场和地球磁场作用下的漂移规律,阐述中心磁场的形成及反转机理;分析电荷相对于地球的漂移以阐述偏磁场的形成.理论分析表明:地球上每一点的磁场都可以看成是由该点的几个分磁场叠加而成;地球具有自身的电场;地球电场与地球磁场同时产生、同时变化,且都源自于地球的自转和地球上正负电荷的非对等分布. 相似文献
4.
地球内核快速旋转的发现及其动力学意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地球内核快速自转的发现,证实了地球圈层差异旋转理论,其动力学意义在于：（１）旋转系统有不同于非旋转系统的物质运动方式和能量转换方式;（２）圈层有序差异旋转与无序差异放置的交替是地磁反向的原因。 相似文献
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统计分析了1962—2017年全球强震活动与地球自转角加速度变化过程的关系, 结果显示, 全球8级以上地震发生在地球自转角加速度下降期的概率相对自然概率高出12%, 达到64%, 统计结果具有显著性, 但7.5级和7.8级以上地震的统计结果没有显著性。 分区统计结果表明, 全球强震活动具有明显的区域性特征: 在地球自转角加速度上升期, 高于自然概率的强震主要分布在阿尔卑斯带中西段、 环太平洋地震带的琉球—菲律宾地区以及中国东部; 在地球自转角加速度下降期, 高于自然概率的强震主要分布在环太平洋地震带、 阿尔卑斯带中段(喜马拉雅弧)、 阿尔卑斯带东段(印尼岛弧海沟)以及中亚大陆地区。 分析认为地球自转角加速度变化过程与全球区域地震活动之间存在较强的相关性, 可能与地球自转角加速度变化引起板块间相互作用的强弱有关。 相似文献
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地球自转带动非对等分布的正负电荷绕地轴做圆周运动产生相对于地轴静止的地球主磁场并形成地球电场,同时,由地球自转所带动的带电粒子受到地球电场和地球主磁场的作用.为探索地球气候变化的自然原因,创建相对于地轴静止的地磁参考系,应用经典物理学理论和方法,分析研究大气中带电粒子在地球电场和地球磁场中的运动规律.结果表明:气候带及季节性节律均为大气受到电磁力、热力及地球引力的共同作用而形成;地球电场与地球磁场变化使地球系统带电粒子受到的电磁力发生变化,对气候的影响是全方位的;大气具有一定的自动调节功能,当代气候呈极端化趋势与大气中地球主磁场极弱密切相关.本研究结论概括为四个方面:(1)地球电场使大气中带正、负电荷的粒子呈交错分层分布态势且地球南、北两极及赤道附近空间的电荷密度高.(2)地球主磁场使大气中带正、负电荷的粒子在垂直地球主磁场平面内作方向相反的圆周运动并带动荷电大气回旋形成气旋和反气旋环流.(3)荷电大气回旋规律为:在线速度大小不变条件下回旋半径跟总磁场磁感应强度与大气荷质比的乘积成反比;回旋角速度大小等于总磁场磁感应强度与大气荷质比的乘积,与线速度无关.荷电大气相对于地面的速度在各象限分布不对称.(4)地球电场、地球磁场、荷电大气的运动及其产生的感生电场和感生磁场,遵循麦克斯韦方程组和牛顿运动定律等经典物理学规律,是一个相互纠缠的整体,具有超越介质的遥相关和遥响应机制,能够使大气中的极性分子物质发生电离,地震前地电场和地磁场的异常变化可以在大气中形成地震云.感生电场和感生磁场使回旋的荷电大气作经、纬方向的耦合,形成经、纬方向的偶极子型环流和纬向环状型环流,使荷电大气的运动与地形地势及下垫面的电磁特性紧密相关.荷电大气的回旋具有正反馈机制,随着荷质比的增大能够形成台风、龙卷风等旋风.大气中尺度不同的环流系统,从东(西)风带、南(北)半球环状模,到热带气旋等,都是地球电场和地球磁场驱动的荷电大气的运动所致,准定常行星波是大尺度环流系统感生电磁场传播的结果. 相似文献
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为计算地球磁极处的磁感应强度,建立地球的磁场是由带电的地球外核的旋转产生的模型.先根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律计算球形模型绕自转轴旋转时在自转轴直径上产生的磁感应强度;再利用已知的地球外核的内外半径及地球半径和磁极处的磁感应强度值,计算出地球外核的电荷体密度及面密度.结果表明:若外核的电荷呈均匀的体密度分布,则其电荷体密度为3.5507 C/m3;若外核的电荷均匀分布在外核的外表面,则其面密度为2.4581×106 C/m2.通过地球表面的磁感应强度信息利用物理规律和地球物理数据推测地球内部难以直接进行探测的相关信息,具有实际意义.根据地震学方法对地球外核厚度、转向等变化的最新研究数据按该文模型可推测地球磁场强度、极性等的变化.而地球磁场的变化对地球上的人类生活颇有影响. 相似文献
10.
地球最终由旋臂式漩涡状云团分层(体)逐步吸聚而成,先后形成各圈层及其过渡层。过渡层富含流体,起着"气垫层"作用,使得不同圈层(体)之间具有差异自转的趋势和可能。地核处于及其特殊的高温高压状态,其表面相对带电,在差异自转作用下形成运流电流,使核外产生地磁场。本研究基于毕奥—萨伐尔定律,建立了地磁场数学模型,系统阐释了地磁场的形成机理。地壳造陆-造山、剥蚀-夷平作用与地磁场阶段性长期变化密切相关。 相似文献
11.
A dynamo driven by motions unaffected by viscous forces is termed magnetostrophic. Although such a model might describe magnetic field generation in Earth’s core well, a magnetostrophic dynamo has not yet been found even though Taylor [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1963, 274, 274–283] devised an apparently viable method of finding one. His method for determining the fluid velocity from the magnetic field and the energy source involved only the evaluation of integrals along lines parallel to the Earth’s axis of rotation and the solution of a second-order ordinary differential equation. It is demonstrated below that an approximate solution of this equation for a broad family of magnetic fields is immediate. Furthermore inertia, which was neglected in Taylor’s theory, is restored here, so that the modified theory includes torsional waves, whose existence in the Earth’s core has been inferred from observations of the length of day. Their theory is reconsidered. 相似文献
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通过对2008年5月12日四川汶川8级地震与地球自转关系的分析,提出了一个新的地震成因观点,认为地震的根本原因在于地球自转速率的变化。地球岩石圈由大小不同、质量不同的块体组成。比如,大洋块体薄、质量轻,大陆块体厚、质量重。地球自转速率变化时,就会造成这些块体运动的差异性。这种差异运动可能使块体之间发生“追尾”撞击或摩擦,从而引起地震。地震能量来自于块体间撞击或摩擦时损失的动能。 相似文献
13.
D. Zidarov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,105(1):655-668
Summary The paleomagnetic field (declination and inclination) in different geological epochs is represented through the field of the so-called magnetic dipole. The optimal dipole coordinates so obtained show that during older geological times the optimal dipole lay outside the earth's centre and moved towards and around the earth centre. It is supposed that the optimal dipole trajectory in the earth coincides with earth core trajectory. This core motion brought about a motion of the masses of the mantle in a direction opposite to the motion of the core. This in turn brought about the break-down of Pangea and the separation of the continents. The drift of the continents, the relative changing of the earth's rotational axis and many other geological and geophysical phenomena may be explained through such a motion, that is through the motion of an eccentrical core towards the earth centre. 相似文献
14.
地磁场起源及其倒转是地球科学的难题之一。究其原因一方面是由于无法直接观测地球内部发生的物理过程,另一方面是由于缺乏理论与实验相结合的综合研究。本文以磁流体力学为基础,将古地磁学与αω发电机理论结合在一起进行分析和研究。得出了如下新观点:(1)洛仑兹力在地核发电过程起负反馈作用;(2)较差旋转控制着地磁场西向漂移,(3)α作用使地磁极偏离地球自转轴 相似文献
15.
Nils-Axel Mörner 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):149-155
Abstract At about 13,200 BP and 1000 BP, the geomagnetic field experienced trans-polar VGP shifts between main centra in Arctic Siberia and Arctic Canada, respectively. Both shifts are associated with major changes in the Earth's rate of rotation indicating a causal connection. The 1000 BP VGP shift and change in rotation is also associated with a decrease in the geomagnetic dipole field strength. The trans-polar VGP shifts seem to be of dipolar nature. They seem to be consistent with the displacement of the symmetry axis of two rotating bodies. 相似文献
16.
John T. Donald & Paul H. Roberts 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(5):367-384
Intermediate dynamos are axisymmetric, spherical models that evade Cowling's theorem by invoking an α-effect to create the meridional magnetic field from the zonal. Usually the energy source maintaining the motions is a specified thermal wind, but here the dynamo is driven by the buoyancy created by a uniform distribution of heat sources. It has been argued by Braginsky and Meytlis (this journal, vol. 55, 1990) that, in a rapidly rotating, strongly magnetic system such as the Earth's core, heat is transported principally by a small-scale turbulence that is highly anisotropic. They conclude that the diffusion of heat parallel to the rotation axis is then significantly greater than it is in directions away from that axis. A preliminary study of the consequences of this idea is reported here. Solutions are derived numerically using both isotropic and non-isotropic thermal diffusivity tensors, and the results are compared. It is shown that even a small degree of anisotropy can materially alter the character of the dynamo. 相似文献
17.
Michael I. Bergman 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):151-176
Abstract The stratification profile of the Earth's magnetofluid outer core is unknown, but there have been suggestions that its upper part may be stably stratified. Braginsky (1984) suggested that the magnetic analog of Rossby (planetary) waves in this stable layer (the ‘H’ layer) may be responsible for a portion of the short-period secular variation. In this study, we adopt a thin shell model to examine the dynamics of the H layer. The stable stratification justifies the thin-layer approximations, which greatly simplify the analysis. The governing equations are then the Laplace's tidal equations modified by the Lorentz force terms, and the magnetic induction equation. We linearize the Lorentz force in the Laplace's tidal equations and the advection term in the magnetic induction equation, assuming a zeroth order dipole field as representative of the magnetic field near the insulating core-mantle boundary. An analytical β-plane solution shows that a magnetic field can release the equatorial trapping that non-magnetic Rossby waves exhibit. A numerical solution to the full spherical equations confirms that a sufficiently strong magnetic field can break the equatorial waveguide. Both solutions are highly dissipative, which is a consequence of our necessary neglect of the induction term in comparison with the advection and diffusion terms in the magnetic induction equation in the thin-layer limit. However, were one to relax the thin-layer approximations and allow a radial dependence of the solutions, one would find magnetic Rossby waves less damped (through the inclusion of the induction term). For the magnetic field strength appropriate for the H layer, the real parts of the eigenfrequencies do not change appreciably from their non-magnetic values. We estimate a phase velocity of the lowest modes that is rather rapid compared with the core fluid speed typically presumed from the secular variation. 相似文献
18.
A. M. Soward 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):329-371
Abstract An inviscid, electrically conducting fluid is contained between two rigid horizontal planes and bounded laterally by two vertical walls. The fluid is permeated by a strong uniform horizontal magnetic field aligned with the side wall boundaries and the entire system rotates rapidly about a vertical axis. The ratio of the magnitudes of the Lorentz and Coriolis forces is characterized by the Elsasser number, A, and the ratio of the thermal and magnetic diffusivities, q. By heating the fluid from below and cooling from above the system becomes unstable to small perturbations when the adverse density gradient as measured by the Rayleigh number, R, is sufficiently large. With the viscosity ignored the geostrophic velocity, U, which is aligned with the applied magnetic field, is independent of the coordinate parallel to the rotation axis but is an arbitrary function of the horizontal cross-stream coordinate. At the onset of instability the value of U taken ensures that Taylor's condition is met. Specifically the Lorentz force, which results from marginal convection must not cause any acceleration of the geostrophic flow. It is found that the critical Rayleigh number characterising the onset of instability is generally close to the corresponding value for the usual linear problem, in which Taylor's condition is ignored and U is chosen to vanish. Significant differences can occur when q is small owing to a complicated flow structure. There is a central interior region in which the local magnetic Reynolds number, Rm , based on U is small of order q and on exterior region in which Rm is of order unity. 相似文献
19.
gPhone重力仪低频段良好的噪声水平有利于记录地球自由振荡信息。利用泉州基准地震台gPhone重力仪原始观测数据,分析直接检测2021年7月29日美国阿拉斯加州以南海域MS 8.1地震激发的地球自由振荡信息的可能性,结果表明,基频振型0S4—0S60和多个谐频振型的实测频率值与地球初步参考模型（PREM）的理论值基本一致,可见利用该台gPhone重力仪可有效检测地球自由振荡信号。文中所得结果可用于地球内部结构研究,有助于做出更精细的地球模型。 相似文献
20.
The specific features of the spatial structure and time dynamics of the main geomagnetic field during the 20th century, proceeding
from the present-day concepts of geomagnetic jerks have been studied. The variations, caused by global dissipation of the
geomagnetic field dipole part, have been separated from the regional variations, described by nondipole spatial harmonics
of the spherical harmonic expansion series. It has been indicated that the geomagnetic field westward drift manifests itself
in a limited region of the Earth’s surface, forming the known Brazil anomaly. However, the drift component in the variations
in the geomagnetic field morphological structures is globally found out during the considered almost 100-year period along
the narrow belt around the geomagnetic axis. However, this drift is northwestward in the Northern Hemisphere, and the structures
drift southeastward in the Southern Hemisphere. The detected variations of the drift nature are reflected in the variations
in the integral geomagnetic characteristic, when changes in the position of the Earth’s magnetic center are considered. The
direct correlation between the global geomagnetic variations of the drift nature and the trend variations in the orientation
of the vector of the Earth daily rotation velocity has been detected. 相似文献