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本文简介强震危险判定的Ｗ值和Ｄ值方法，以此为基础，结合统计修订，提出强震三要素－并判定的一种新的数学方法，称之为“ＷＤＭ”方法，经实例试算，表明了该方法的有效性，可用于中国大陆中强震长期预测研究。 相似文献
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利用攀枝花仁和台压容应变资料预测强震 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
20世纪90年代中后期，攀枝花仁和钻孔应变台RZB－1型压容应变仪记录了数次强震。通过计算该台的主应变方向，并结合强震进行分析，发现强震发生的该台的最大或最小主应变方向附近；计算了该台单位体积应变势能值，发现强震发生在应变势能值升至峰值后回落的过程中。这两种方法对于强震预测有重要意义。对于这些现象给出弹性力学解释，并总结出了预报三要素判据。 相似文献
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华北成组强震孕育过程及预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用华北丰富的历史地震资料, 通过研究地震与块体活动的联系, 揭示了地震高潮期的形成过程。 认为地震高潮期成组强震的孕育与区域块体的运动方式相联系。 一个地震活动期可分为二个阶段, 在前期块体边界的运动是很不平衡的, 各组地震主要是由于各局部范围若干闭锁段破裂和破裂间相互作用的结果, 当沿块体边界的破裂发展到一定程度时, 这些边界所围的地块就会进入以整体运动为主的阶段, 这时块体边界的运动具有一定程度的同步性, 加之闭锁段破裂后不再重新闭锁, 从而导致块体边界闭锁段由弱到强渐进式的破裂过程, 直至一组强闭锁段完成破裂, 形成地震活动高潮。 这是成组强震形成的根本原因, 另外强震间的诱发作用也是强震成组发生的重要原因。 最后概述了如何利用以上模式预测地震高潮期的时间、 强度和主体活动场所。 相似文献
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本文所述的“对称迁移”是指地震按一定对称图式依次所作的规则迁移。利用对称迁移图象可望预测强震发生的时间、地点和震级。自1976年以来,已较好地对应了5次强震.这或许能说明对称迁移图象可作为地震长期预测的一种手段。 相似文献
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将川滇菱形地块分为两个地块, 分别以形变确定应变速率、 深部速度构造确定弹性模量、 联合地块体积确定地块应变能积累与时间的关系, 结合历史强震研究应变能积累释放周期以及该周期内的强震活动, 进而研究应变能积累释放与强震活动的关系. 结果表明, 地块应变能积累释放存在周期性并可预测强震震级. 在应变能积累前期, 没有强震(M≥7.0)发生; 随着时间增加, 应变能继续增加, 地块上先后发生几次强震, 但每次强震震级均小于预测震级, 即一次强震只释放了一部分能量; 而后应变能积累继续增加, 直到一、 二次特大强震(M≥7.5)发生, 将绝大部分应变能释放. 至此, 老的周期结束, 新的周期开始. 应变能积累从小到大直到最后完全释放的周期性导致了地震的平静活跃周期, 地震活跃期比平静期长得多. 本文认为, 大区域地理范围因其含有多个地块, 不宜讨论其地震平静活跃周期, 而对于小范围单次强震也不宜讨论其复发周期. 虽然活跃期中的强震从时间上看并无任何规律, 但利用活动地块应变能的积累释放曲线所预测的震级与实际震级很接近. 本文结果对于地震安全性评价工作可能有重要意义. 相似文献
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为了借助容易获取的地震相关因素间接预测地震震级,提出基于相关向量机（Relevance Vector Machine,RVM）方法的地震震级预测模型。通过样本学习建立地震震级与地震累积频度、累积释放能量、平均震级、b值、η值和相关区震级等6个主要影响因素之间的非线性映射关系,利用已知影响因素预测地震震级。结果表明:RVM模型预测结果均优于BP神经网络及SOM-BP神经网络预测结果;通过敏感因子分析比较各因素的敏感程度,b值和η值最为突出,在震级研究中应重点分析。综合分析,RVM模型具有精度高和离散性小等优点,对地震震级预测有较好的推广价值。 相似文献
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Ｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｌｏａｄ／ｕｎｌｏａｄｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｒａｔｉｏ（ＬＵＲＲ）ａｎｄｉｔｓｉｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｏ... 相似文献
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Tsuneji Rikitake 《Surveys in Geophysics》1972,1(1):4-26
A long-term research program on earthquake prediction in Japan, officially launched in 1965, has made progress. Many of the developments achieved in recent years in various disciplines are outlined. Some of the important findings include: detection of land-deformation by intensified levelling and geodimeter surveys, empirical relations between the extent of a premonitory land-deformation and the magnitude and occurrence-time, and the growth and decay of earthquake swarms accompanied by occurrences of large-scale earthquakes. Operations research on selection of survey areas for levelling and the location of crustal deformation observatories has been made.To process data for earthquake predictions, three centers for different disciplines were set up: in the Geographical Survey Institute, the Japan Meteorological Agency, and the Earthquake Research Institute (University of Tokyo). A newly established committee, called the Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction, which consists of about 30 specialists, analyzes the data flowing into these three channels. The committee issues a warning of earthquake danger, whenever possible.A tentative strategy for achieving earthquake prediction is proposed. An attempt is made to evaluate ratings of earthquake threats on the basis of probability theory.An anomalous land-deformation was found in the South Kanto district, an area south of Tokyo, in 1969. following the strategy, an intensive effort, called Operation South Kanto, aiming at a possible prediction of large earthquakes is now under way. Judging from the results of various earthquake prediction elements, the probability of having an earthquake of magnitude 7 or there-abouts within a period of about 10 yr can not be low if anomalous land-deformation is related to the probability of earthquake occurrence. 相似文献
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地震发生后,针对能够快速预测震中附近的烈度分布情况的问题,首先对632次地震触发的台站进行筛选,对2 231个台站触发后20 s内有效的7个地震动参数以及震级和震源距的信息进行提取,并利用人工神经网络对所选数据样本进行训练,建立三种有效的预测模型。研究结果显示模型一所选的输入参数为7个,不利用震源参数,在预测中有着较好的时效性,从第1 s到20 s,预测的平均烈度差值逐渐减小到0.45;模型二所选的输入参数为8个,利用了震源距信息,可以用于烈度级别的预测,预测的平均烈度差值逐渐减小到0.36;模型三所选的输入参数为9个,预测结果较好,可用于震后烈度场的实时预测,平均烈度差值逐渐减小到0.31。利用提出的3种模型对两次地震事件进行烈度预测,预测烈度差值取整后分别有95%和76%以上在1以内,有着较好的结果,可以用于地震预警当中。 相似文献
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进入21世纪以来,全球范围内强烈地震频频发生,势已进入到一个新的地震活动时期.我国大陆内部、周边和台湾岛内一系列强烈地震(MS≥6.5)的发生,特别是2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0大地震的突发与其震前的异常平静表明:地表与上地壳均未见有明显的或确切能构成短、临强烈地震预测的浅表层活动过程,大地震由深部壳、幔物质运动,即深层动力过程所致.基于对强烈地震孕育、发生和发展的初步研究提出:(1)面对强烈地震的预测必须强化震源深部介质和构造环境的研究与探索,以达对未来地震发生地点的预测.(2)在地震强烈活动地区长期坚守介质破裂效应及其派生物理响应的井中观测,即"抚模"震源区介质与结构的动态"脉搏",以达对地震发生时间的逐步逼近或预测.(3)深入剖析强烈地震活动区、带、点的深、浅层空间结构与动力过程,历史地震在地震活动地域的纵向和横向的分布特征及可靠前兆信息的同步性经验和统计效应与发展态势,以对未来强烈地震发生强度的估计.这三个方面均必须以地壳深部信息的采集和研究为前提,是地震学和地震预测深化研究与探索的必经之途！ 相似文献
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CUI-YING ZHOU YUAN-QING ZHU HONG-WEI WANG KAI-LI LIANG PING LI AI-XIANG GUO 《地震学报(英文版)》1999,12(2):232-237
parameters integrated predictionIn current earthquake prediction, seismological method is considered the first choice. According to rough statistics, there are over 100 seismological parameters used in earthquake prediction in China. That a great number of parameters could be chosen is more convenient, but also causes a lot of troubles at the same time. It is more difficult to decide which one is better among them. In the practical key problem and the 'Eighth Five-Year Plan' key problem on short-period earthquake prediction sponsored by China Seismological Bureau, most of the parameters have been evaluated on efficiency, but it is still not easy to decide which one can be given the priority and which one should be discarded, because the adopted data, the sample numbers and the evaluation criteria were not always consistent in these researches. Therefore, the first problem which the earthquake predictors are facing is how to select the best one from so many seismological parameters. In the past, most of the parameters were used in the seismic cases, but never used in the zone where no strong earthquakes occurred, in this way it is impossible to cast away 'false abnormality'. Furthermore, as the process of seismogeny is nonlinear and complicate, the non-uniqueness and uncertainty of the development process make the seismic precursors different in time, place and earthquake, which often causes false prediction when a single parameter is used. In order to solve the problem better, this paper attempts a new method comparison screening, to select seismological single parameter and to collect a comprehensive seismological parameter on this basis. The basic procedure may be summarized as follows: on the basis of reasonable normalization of various parameters, quantitative comparison screening of some basic seismological parameters by using the two sorts of samples from 'large-magnitude seismic zone' and 'no large-magnitude seismic zone' in North China is conducted, to obtain 'seismic abnormality' and 'aseismic normality' indexes, and then to synthesize these indexes with weighting method according to the strength of the earthquake information to obtain a integrated prediction index which is universal to predict the earthquakes in North China, and meanwhile develop a new seismological prediction method which is abbreviated as SQIP (seismological quantitative integrated prediction method). 相似文献
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De-yi Feng Jing-ping Gu Ming-zhou Lin Shao-xie Xu Xue-jun Yu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(6):982-997
A probabilistic method and a retrieval method of fuzzy information are simultaneously studied for assessment of earthquake hazard, or earthquake prediction. Statistical indices of regional seismicity in three adjacent time intervals are used to predict an earthquake in the next interval. The indices are earthquake frequency, the maximum magnitude, and a parameter related to the average magnitude (orb-value) and their time derivatives. Applying the probabilistic method, we can estimate a probability for a large earthquake with magnitude larger than a certain threshold occurring in the next time interval in a given region. By using the retrieval method of fuzzy information we can classify time intervals into several classes according to the regional seismic activity in each time interval and then evaluate whether or not the next time interval belongs to seismically hazardous time interval with a large earthquake. Some examples of applying both methods to the North section of the North-South Seismic Zone in China are shown. The results obtained are in good agreement with actual earthquake history. A comparison of the probabilistic method with the method of fuzzy mathematics is made, and it is recommended that earthquake hazard be assessed by simultaneous use of both methods. 相似文献
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Thedevelopmentandthevariationoftheearthquakeprocessisaverycomplicatedoneandaffectedandlimitedbymanyfactors.Thekeyoftheaccuratepredictionistosetupadynamiccomprehensivepredictionmodelbasedonthecomprehensionoftheprecursorcharacteristicandtheattentionofthevariationwithtimeofthesefactors.Inthispaper,wetrytoapplythefaultdiagnosistectonictoeanhquakeprediction.Thefaultdiagnosistectonicisanapplicableboundaryscience.Thebasicideaistojudgeifthefaultoccurinthesystemandtodeterminewhereandwhenthefaultoccuran… 相似文献
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本文是20多年前的试验总结，作为交流经验。地震预测预报的关键是临震前三要素(时间、地点、震级)及地震影响范围的预测预报。要做到临震预报，就要观测临震前的直接性前兆信息。地应变变化是临震的直接性前兆信息之一。本文用地震力学观点，采用自制地应变传感器观测水平地应变变化，找出水平地应变变化与临震的关系，从而作出地震临震前三要素的预测预报。 相似文献