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基于海南省地震台网2000～2013年的区域地震波形数据,用剪切波分裂系统分析方法（SAM）获得了海南琼东北部地区“九五”数字台网中2个台站的剪切波分裂参数。结果表明,快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向。七星岭台NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力场方向不一致,与NE走向的断裂一致,体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性;青山岭NNE向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NNE走向断裂的构造意义。同时,本研究证实,位于活动断裂上或几条活动断裂交汇部位的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向,与对所选用的小地震起控制作用的活动断裂走向一致,并且快剪切波偏振优势方向较为离散,反映了该区域复杂的断裂构造和应力分布特征。 相似文献
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通过对成都数字地震台网2000年5月1日——2006年12月31日6年多资料的分析,使用剪切波分裂SAM系统分析方法,获得了四川地区8个地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果. 结果表明,四川地区大部分台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向主要为NE或NW方向;位于活动断裂上或几条活动断裂交汇部位的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向,大多数与对选用的小地震起控制作用的活动断裂走向一致,或与区域主压应力方向一致. 但复杂的局部构造会影响剪切波分裂结果, 造成台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与主要活动断裂走向不一致, 或与区域主压应力相差较大的现象. 相似文献
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利用湖北及周边地区数字地震台网2007年12月1日—2013年12月31日的地震观测波形资料,使用剪切波分裂SAM系统分析方法,获得了该地区18个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果。结果表明,湖北地区少部分地震存在S波分裂现象,18个台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向为NE、近NS方向,并无明显的第一优势偏振方向,说明该区台站应力场可能为区域构造背景应力环境与局部断裂诱导的各向异性综合效应;复杂的局部构造会影响剪切波分裂结果,造成偏振优势方向与主要活动断裂走向不一致或与区域主压应力相差较大的现象。 相似文献
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本研究采用SAM剪切波分裂分析方法，使用福建区域数字地震台网记录到的（1999年01月～2003年12月）的波形资料，挑选符合剪切波窗口条件的记录，得到华夏地块东南部地区23°N～29°N，116°E～120°E）10个台站的剪切波分裂参数. 研究结果表明，该区域快剪切波平均偏振方向为NW109.4°±42.6°，慢剪切波平均时间延迟为2.5±1.5(ms/km)，快剪切波平均偏振方向对应该区的水平主压应力方向. 闽东台站NW方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向揭示了NW向的水平主压应力和NW走向断裂的构造意义. 两个闽西台站NE方向的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域水平主压应力方向不一致，与NE走向的断裂一致，体现了局部构造和局部应力场的复杂性. 本研究证实，位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势方向与断裂走向一致，位于海边或岛上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向较为离散，主要是受到不规则表面地形和断裂交汇的影响. 慢剪切波延迟时间的空间分布特征，显示沿海地区慢剪切波延迟时间变化较大，而内陆地区则较为平缓. 相似文献
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利用甘肃数字地震台网(2001 -2008年)的观测资料,采用SAM分析方法进行剪切波分裂,获得了甘东南地区7个台站319条剪切波分裂参数.结果表明甘东南地区快剪切波平均偏振方向与该区域最大主压应力方向一致,是区域应力环境的较好描述;位于活动断裂上或几条活动断裂交汇部位的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向大多数与对控震的活动断裂走向一致;复杂的局部构造会影响剪切波分裂结果,造成偏振优势方向与主要活动断裂走向不一致,或与区域主压应力相差较大的现象. 相似文献
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通过对云南遥测地震台网2000年1月1日——2003年12月31日4年资料的分析， 使用剪切波分裂SAM综合分析方法，获得了云南地区10个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果. 结果表明， 云南地区大部分台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向主要为近N——S或NNW方向； 位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与活动断裂的走向一致；与GPS主压应变方向一致，与区域主压应力方向基本一致；少数台站的快剪切波偏振较为复杂，或与活动断裂的走向及GPS主压应变方向不一致. 这样的台站总是位于几个断裂的交会处，反映了复杂的断裂背景和复杂的应力分布特征. 快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向，受到区域应力场和断裂分布等多种因素的控制. 相似文献
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通过收集鄂尔多斯块体西缘固定地震台网2010年6月至2017年8月的近场地震资料，选择符合剪切波分裂分析的14个台站记录的共137个有效事件波形，得到了剪切波分裂参数，即快剪切波（简称快波）偏振方向和慢剪切波（简称慢波）时间延迟.结果表明，研究区的快波偏振方向和慢波时间延迟具有明显的分区特征，快波偏振方向主要与构造应力场方向或者断层走向大体一致.鄂尔多斯西缘紧邻块体边界的台站，快波偏振方向自北向南呈现NS、NNE、NE向的变化，与青藏高原东北缘主压应力方向变化基本一致.银川地堑东西两侧的快波偏振方向有差异，东侧区域主要受青藏高原NNE向挤压和黄河-灵武断裂共同影响，而西侧区域可能受到阿拉善块体与鄂尔多斯块体之间的NW方向的主张应力和阿拉善块体内部应力分布的影响；鄂尔多斯块体、阿拉善块体与青藏高原的交汇区快波优势偏振方向为NE向，与青藏高原东北缘主压应力方向一致；海原断裂带及以南区域快剪切波优势偏振方向为WNW向，与断裂走向基本一致，较好的说明了海原断裂带为活跃的活动断裂.构造与断裂分布都是控制快波偏振方向的主要因素，走滑断裂上的台站快波偏振方向与断裂走向一致，表明这些台站主要受到断裂的强烈影响；走滑断裂附近的个别台站快波偏振方向呈现与构造应力场一致的方向，表明几乎没有受到断裂的影响.鄂尔多斯、阿拉善与青藏高原的交汇区平均时间延迟高于其他地区，反映了青藏高原在NE向运动过程中，受到稳定的鄂尔多斯块体阻挡作用，导致了交汇区地壳介质各向异性程度增加.以海原断裂带到六盘山断裂带为界，其两侧区域的各向异性差异性明显，揭示了应力与介质特性的差异，暗示其邻近区域，特别在海原断裂带东端到六盘山断裂带与鄂尔多斯块体西缘交汇区域，可能有较高的强震危险背景.本研究还对该区域的地壳和上地幔的耦合问题进行了初步讨论. 相似文献
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青藏高原东北缘记录了印度—欧亚大陆板块碰撞和汇聚的远场效应,且仍正处于侧向生长阶段.而地壳各向异性则反映了高原地壳的形变特征.为此,本文主要利用甘肃数字地震台网(2001年1月—2010年10月)波形记录资料,采用SAM方法进行剪切波分裂研究,得到青藏高原东北缘地壳各向异性的平均剪切波分裂参数及剩余地震各向异性参数,两个参数分别反映了区域构造和应力场特征及局部构造和局部断裂特征.研究结果表明:快剪切波2个优势偏振方向分别为NE47.72°±21.83°和121.65°±22.07°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为2.63±1.31ms·km-1.快剪切波平均偏振方向反映了该区域的水平主压应力方向,快剪切波偏振方向的第二优势取向揭示了NWW的局部构造意义,表明应力环境受本区NWW深大断裂带的影响.各个台站的剩余快剪切波偏振方向的优势取向与断裂走向一致,表明活动断裂控制着剩余快剪切波偏振方向.剩余慢剪切波时间延迟变化反映了断裂引起地震各向异性程度,形变具有区域特征. 相似文献
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本研究使用首都圈数字地震台网2002年01月～2003年12月的波形记录资料，采用SAM方法，进行了剪切波分裂的分析，得到首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性的初步结果.根据对有3条以上可靠记录的14个台站的统计分析，得到首都圈西北部地区的剪切波分裂的统计平均结果为: 快剪切波平均偏振方向为NE699°±445°，慢剪切波平均时间延迟为444±293（ms/km）.研究认为，NE699°±445°的快剪切波平均偏振方向暗示了该区域的水平主压应力方向，快剪切波偏振方向的第一优势取向揭示了NWW近E W方向的原地水平主压应力的构造意义，凸现了NWW向的张家口—蓬莱断陷带.通过快剪切波偏振方向，本研究进一步证实，位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势取向与断裂走向一致，认为南口—孙河断裂和夏垫断裂是两个活动断裂，而八宝山断裂可能是个并不太活跃的活动断裂.华北盆地里的快剪切波偏振方向显示出复杂的分布特征，对应了盆地凹陷区里许多断裂互相交汇造成区域主压应力场受到局部调整的复杂图像.研究还认为慢剪切波时间延迟急剧的梯度变化可能与地壳深部的温度变化有关联. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献