共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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本文采用广义反射系数法推导了水平层状各向异性地层中电磁场的积分解析解,并利用快速汉克尔变换技术实现了三维感应仪器测井响应的快速计算.三维感应测井响应与地层水平电导率、垂直电导率和井斜角及仪器方位角同时有关,单一分量的测井曲线不能满足资料解释的需要.通过对仪器测量分量响应特征的考察,本文提出了一种基于组合量测井曲线的资料直观解释方法.数值模拟显示,交叉分量相关组合量可准确划分地层纵向边界,并可直观识别各向异性层;与单独分量相比,主分量相关组合量提高了纵向分辨率、减弱了与地层电导率参数的非线性关系. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
大斜度井/水平井中,随钻电磁波电阻率测井与双侧向测井由于测量原理不同,引起的测井响应特征有着较大差别。首先依据积分方程法模拟了随钻电磁波电阻率测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,采用三维有限元素法模拟了双侧向测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,然后对比分析了二者在水平地层中的测井响应差异和产生的原因。结果表明,水平井中随钻电磁波电阻率测井和双侧向测井响应差异的主要影响因素有:不同井斜角、地层各向异性、地层界面以及泥浆侵入等。随着相对井斜角的增大,随钻电磁波电阻率测井在地层界面处的测井响应异常大,而双侧向测井在地层界面附近受围岩影响逐渐变得平滑;随着相对井斜角的增加,各向异性的影响逐渐增大,但各向异性对双侧向测井的影响程度要小于对随钻电磁波电阻率的影响。这些差异如不能正确认识将导致水平井解释过程中出现偏差。最后根据实际资料,分析如何这些差异进行水平井测井解释。 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2020,(1)
随钻方位电磁波测井仪器已广泛应用于大斜度井/水平井钻井,但地层各向异性使得地质导向及储层评价更为困难。为定量分析地层各向异性对随钻方位电磁波测井响应及资料处理影响,本文借助正反演技术,详细考察了测井响应对各向异性的敏感性及测井数据反演精度。首先,定义了敏感因子,定量分析了不同磁场分量、合成信号对各向异性的敏感性;然后,模拟了层状各向异性地层中的随钻方位电磁波测井仪器响应,对比分析了对称设计和非对称设计仪器的响应特征及对地层参数的敏感性;最后,探讨了反演模型的选取对各向异性地层界面反演精度的影响。数值模拟及反演结果表明:随钻方位电磁波测井响应受各向异性影响严重,通过对称补偿设计可降低地质信号对各向异性的敏感性,进而增强对地层界面的探测能力;各向异性地层中,视电阻率曲线出现分离及"犄角"等现象,界面附近方位信号则可能出现复杂非线性变化;反演中若不考虑各向异性的影响,难以获取准确的地层界面和电阻率信息,进而可能导致地质导向决策的失误。 相似文献
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水平井钻进过程中,地层边界的准确预测对地质导向决策至关重要.但水平井测井环境复杂,随钻方位电磁波测井响应不直观,储层性质、地层界面等信息的精确、定量评价困难.本文提出了一种适用于大斜度井/水平井随钻方位电磁波测井资料的电阻率及地层界面信息的实时提取方法.该方法主要基于以下几个技术:(1)引入滑动开窗策略将高维随钻方位电磁波测井资料的反演问题转化为多个连续窗口的一维反演问题;(2)对反演参数进行多初值初始化,结合正则化Levenberg-Marquardt算法保证解的全局最优性;(3)充分利用随钻方位电磁波测井多种探测深度信息,采用分级反演策略提高反演速度.数值和实测资料反演结果表明:降维反演方法可实现对地层界面的实时、准确提取,且适用于多数复杂地层结构和任意井眼轨迹;利用浅探测地质信号可实现随钻方位电磁波测井资料的分级反演,最终反演速度可提升10倍以上. 相似文献
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在横向各向同性（TI）介质中,张量感应测井响应与地层的水平和垂直电导率σh和σv、井眼斜角α、仪器方位角φ同时有关,其资料处理和解释相当复杂,一般采用先定出φ,然后在井眼坐标系中同时反演σh、σv和α的资料处理方式.我们发现将测井响应变换到井眼坐标系时实际上无法确定其交叉分量的符号而只能确定其绝对值,这个问题尚未引起重视.本文给出了无需确定φ就可由测井响应直接计算井眼坐标系磁感应张量的公式,此方法简单,所得结果不受φ提取精度的影响.在此基础上本文给出了利用井眼坐标系的磁感应张量的交叉分量曲线提取地层纵向边界和判别相邻地层电导率高低的一种特征识别方法.本文还给出了大斜度井中TI介质的电导率视值的一种简化近似公式. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
常规声波测井解释方法建立在各向同性地层中的垂直井基础之上,对各向异性地层中的水平井和斜度井并不适用。在水平井和斜度井的钻井过程中,岩屑会溅到井壁并最终在井壁底部形成一层薄岩屑层。同时,高速层和各向异性也可能会影响声波时差的测量。本文采用结合了Hybrid-PML的交错网格时域有限差分方法(SGS-FDTD),研究阵列声波仪器在各向异性介质中的水平井和斜度井条件下,不同因素对测得时差所带来的影响。模拟结果揭示了声波时差在高速层,薄岩屑层,井斜角,层厚,各向异性等不同影响因素下的相应规律。我们发现当波长远小于井壁与高速层的距离时,能够准确测得目的层时差;然而在两者处于同一量级时的近场条件下,几何声学理论不再适用;当井眼底部存在岩屑层时,费马原理依旧适用,对真实时差测量没有影响;在各向异性地层环境下,井斜角的增大使得测得时差由垂直向时差逐渐趋近于水平向时差;对于特定源距的声系,仪器在目的层中所移动的距离超过一定距离时,方可获得薄层时差值。基于不同井斜角和不同各向异性大小均匀TI地层模型的模拟结果,绘制了时差估计图版,可以对任意井斜角和各向异性比的模型进行时差的定量估计。通过对不同声系和不同弹性参数的模拟实验,证明了这种时差估计方法对TI地层中的水平井和斜度井准确有效。 相似文献
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大斜度井/水平井随钻测井技术已被广泛的应用于各种复杂油气藏中，但传统随钻电磁波测井仅提供仪器轴向磁场分量，井斜和各向异性对测井响应影响耦合在一起，难以剥离，无法基于反演同时获取多个参数，进行相应的地层评价，且不能提供方位信息，难以实现地质导向功能.随钻方位电磁波测井在提供仪器轴向磁场分量的基础上，还提供了仪器横向磁场分量，其提取的地质导向信号，对地层界面非常敏感，受井斜、地层电阻率对比度和各向异性影响弱，可以反演得到准确的界面位置.此外，额外的磁场分量信息，有效降低了井斜与各向异性的耦合程度，可基于反演算法实现多参数联合反演，满足电阻率测井精细解释评价需求. 相似文献
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在大斜度井/水平井环境下,阵列侧向测井受钻井液侵入、地层倾角和各向异性等多种因素影响,导致测井响应复杂,需借助反演手段提取地层真实电阻率.然而,阵列侧向测井三维正演效率低,难以满足测井资料快速反演和油气藏快速评价的需求.为此,本文基于深度学习并联合混合多种群遗传(MPGA)与列文伯格马奎特(LM)算法建立了一种快速反演方法.首先从地层参数敏感性出发,基于严格的三维有限元正演算法,依次确定侵入、各向异性和地层倾角的敏感性大小;其次,引入深度学习和模型可视化技术,实现斜井各向异性地层阵列侧向测井响应的快速正演;最后,基于数据集分解技术和混合MPGA-LM算法,实现斜井各向异性地层电阻率剖面快速精确重构.数值模拟结果表明:斜井各向异性地层中,阵列侧向测井响应对侵入深度敏感性最高,各向异性和地层倾角次之;相较于反向传播神经网络(BPNN),二维卷积神经网络(2D-CNN)能够实现阵列侧向测井响应的快速精确计算,计算一个测井点仅需0.36 ms,精度可达99％左右;基于三层反演模型的MPGA-LM混合算法稳定性强,电阻率参数反演精度高的优点,可用于阵列侧向测井资料的快速处理. 相似文献
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Baker Hughes INTEQ的MPR是应用较广的传播电阻率测井仪器，它有4条相位差和4条幅度比测井曲线，本文以它在垂直井中的测井响应为例开展电磁传播电阻率资料的二维反演方法研究.由于其测井响应对地层纵向边界的探测灵敏度比对其他地层参数的大得多，在其资料反演中必须重视地层纵向边界位置的提取和反演精度.本文首先应用特征识别方法由分辨率最好的测井曲线提取地层纵向边界，接着对浅、深探测的两条相位差曲线分别做纵向一维反演，利用此结果来建立二维反演的初始地层模型，采用改进的阻尼型正则化高斯 牛顿优化算法，实现了MPR资料的二维全参数反演.对含23个纵向分层的两种典型地层模型的数值模拟测井资料的二维反演得到了令人满意的结果，它可显著提高MPR的资料解释水平.发现只用它的5条测井曲线就可得到与8条测井曲线几乎相同的反演效果. 相似文献
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Eunjin Park Wansoo Ha Wookeen Chung Changsoo Shin Dong-Joo Min 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(12):2075-2085
The wavefield in the Laplace domain has a very small amplitude except only near the source point. In order to deal with this characteristic, the logarithmic objective function has been used in many Laplace domain inversion studies. The Laplace-domain waveform inversion using the logarithmic objective function has fewer local minima than the time- or frequency domain inversion. Recently, the power objective function was suggested as an alternative to the logarithmic objective function in the Laplace domain. Since amplitudes of wavefields are very small generally, a power <1 amplifies the wavefields especially at large offset. Therefore, the power objective function can enhance the Laplace-domain inversion results. In previous studies about synthetic datasets, it is confirmed that the inversion using a power objective function shows a similar result when compared with the inversion using a logarithmic objective function. In this paper, we apply an inversion algorithm using a power objective function to field datasets. We perform the waveform inversion using the power objective function and compare the result obtained by the logarithmic objective function. The Gulf of Mexico dataset is used for the comparison. When we use a power objective function in the inversion algorithm, it is important to choose the appropriate exponent. By testing the various exponents, we can select the range of the exponent from 5 × 10?3 to 5 × 10?8 in the Gulf of Mexico dataset. The results obtained from the power objective function with appropriate exponent are very similar to the results of the logarithmic objective function. Even though we do not get better results than the conventional method, we can confirm the possibility of applying the power objective function for field data. In addition, the power objective function shows good results in spite of little difference in the amplitude of the wavefield. Based on these results, we can expect that the power objective function will produce good results from the data with a small amplitude difference. Also, it can partially be utilized at the sections where the amplitude difference is very small. 相似文献
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KALPAN CHOUDHURY 《Geophysical Prospecting》1982,30(2):217-231
AEM (airborne electromagnetic) anomalies caused by massive sulphide conductors and superficial conductors can be recognized with a statistical method, as shown by an analysis of Input AEM data from Karnataka State. The weathering in the survey area is of tropical type. Parameters, such as various amplitude ratios and time parameters (inverse of decay rate) for exponential and power-law decay were analyzed for sulphide bodies, conducting soil, superficial conductors, and cultural conductors. Time parameters τ1 (exponential decay) is defined as ratio of time differences between the third and fourth channel to the logarithmic value of the relative amplitude of the two channels. Time parameter K1 (power-law decay) is defined as ratio of the difference of the logarithmic values of the delay times of the third and fourth channels to the logarithmic value of the relative amplitude of the two channels. The two parameters have been useful in recognizing sulphide conductors. Also the first channel Input amplitude and logarithmic plot of the transients appear to be helpful in conductor identification. Channel ratios seem to be the least effective parameters of conductor identification. In the area studied both power-law and the conventional exponential decay were found equally suitable for approximating Input AEM transients. 相似文献
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This paper presents a short theoretical summary of the series expansion-based 2.5D combined geoelectric weighted inversion (CGWI) method and highlights the advantageous way with which the number of unknowns can be decreased due to the simultaneous characteristic of this inversion. 2.5D CGWI is an approximate inversion method for the determination of 3D structures, which uses the joint 2D forward modeling of dip and strike direction data. In the inversion procedure, the Steiner’s most frequent value method is applied to the automatic separation of dip and strike direction data and outliers. The workflow of inversion and its practical application are presented in the study. For conventional vertical electrical sounding (VES) measurements, this method can determine the parameters of complex structures more accurately than the single inversion method. Field data show that the 2.5D CGWI which was developed can determine the optimal location for drilling an exploratory thermal water prospecting well. The novelty of this research is that the measured VES data in dip and strike direction are jointly inverted by the 2.5D CGWI method. 相似文献
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已发现的油藏中,各向异性油藏占总油藏的20%～30%，但常规电磁测井仪只能测量水平方向的电阻率，很容易低估和漏测产层.三分量感应测井仪通过布置三组相互正交的发射-接收线圈对可直接测量地层的水平电阻率和垂直电阻率，通过测量两个交叉分量还可得出地层的倾角和方位.避免了对产层的低估和漏测.本文介绍了各向异性地层的主要类型, 各向异性电阻率的计算公式，三分量感应测井仪的线圈系结构，多频聚焦方法以及包含围岩校正的反演方案. 相似文献
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Refracted arrivals are analysed to estimate the near‐surface anisotropy of marine sediments using a vertical‐cable (VC) configuration. In the presence of dip, the horizontal and vertical ray‐slownesses are obtained from the observed apparent slownesses in the up‐ and downdip directions using a sum or difference at each azimuth. The multiple azimuths generated by a VC geometry permit the ray‐slowness distribution of the marine sediments to be determined. An inversion procedure is developed to provide dip and anisotropy parameters for refractive layers from the measured refraction traveltimes in multilayered azimuthally isotropic and anisotropic media. Two sets of transversely isotropic models are used to analyse the azimuthal variations of apparent and ray slownesses. In the first set, we fix the anisotropic parameters of the models but vary the dip (0°, 5° and 10°) to test the effects of the presence of dip. In the second set, we vary the P‐wave anisotropy strength (5.2%, 10.3%, 15.8% and 22.0%) to examine the sensitivity and accuracy of ray‐slowness approximations which are independent of dip. We test this inversion procedure on synthetic P‐wave VC data calculated for six different models by a finite‐difference method. The results of applications to real VC data acquired from the North Sea are also presented. 相似文献
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本文利用有限差分法对垂直走滑断层和垂直倾滑断层两种剪切破裂源在不同埋深和不同破裂尺度(指垂直于地面方向上断层尺度)情况下的近场理论地震图进行了讨论,并得到了地表不同震中距处的加速度付氏谱。通过对上述两种源所产生的近场效应的对比分析,本文得到了以下初步结果: (1) 在埋深相同,断层面宽度相同的情况下,垂直走滑断层源对近场地表的影响比垂直倾滑断层源大。(2) 在垂直倾滑断层源的埋深、破裂尺度相同的情况下,在地表同一震中距处产生的水平位移要比垂直位移大。(3) 两种破裂源在地表同一震中距处产生的位移的最大振幅随破裂尺度的增大而增大,且近似为线性关系;在极震区内不同震中距处产生的位移的最大振幅随震中距的增大而减小,且随震中距的变化率在减小;在地表不同震中距处产生的加速度的付氏谱的主峰周期随震中距的增大而变长,随破裂的增大,付氏谱中主峰周期也加长,且长周期成份愈多;随着破裂源埋深的增加,地表不同震中距处产生的位移的最大振幅变小,即等震线变疏。(4) 走滑断层源产生的加速度付氏谱的主峰周期比倾滑断层源长。 相似文献