共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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三维感应测井受井眼环境影响很大，如何消除这些不利影响是有效获取各向异性地层电导率真值并提高资料处理和解释质量的一项重要工作.本文以一维柱状各向异性地层模型为基础，通过最小平方反演技术从实际测量资料中快速反演井径、偏心距、泥浆电导率、地层水平电导率和各向异性系数等模型参数，设法减小井眼环境对测量结果的影响.首先，利用仪器偏心情况下不同旋转角电导率张量的关系方程，建立旋转角提取与校正方法，获取无旋转角三维感应测井数据.在此基础上，根据事先计算好的井眼校正库并结合多维非线性有限元逼近技术，建立快速计算三维感应测井响应以及Jacobi导数矩阵的插值公式，并利用自适应正则化迭代反演技术不断修改模型参数，实现理论合成资料与输入资料的最佳拟合.最后，通过反演出的模型参数计算三维感应测井资料所有分量的校正量，实现三维感应资料的井眼校正.理论模型和实际资料的处理结果均证实，在低阻井眼泥浆情况下，一维柱状模型中的反演方法仍然可以提取出较可靠的地层水平和垂直电导率，且井眼环境校正对于受井眼环境影响相对较小的测井曲线具有非常好的校正效果. 相似文献
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利用三维感应测井交叉分量之差响应曲线在边界附近的响应行为,建立了求解大斜度井中井斜角快速反演方法.响应曲线随真实垂直深度(TVD)变化的对数衰减率与随测量距离(MD)变化的对数衰减率与之比是井斜角的余弦函数,通过简单三角函数计算可快速反演井斜角.响应曲线形态规则,在层状各向异性地层中与垂直电导率无关,主要反映水平电导率反差造成的地层边界信息.因此本文的井斜角快速反演方法既适用于各向同性地层也适用于各向异性地层.我们考察了测井环境及仪器参数对响应曲线衰减率的影响以及衰减率估算偏差对井斜角反演精度的影响.数值模拟结果验证了该反演方法在大斜度井中的有效性和实用性. 相似文献
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三轴张量感应测井可探测地层电导率各向异性,Zhdanov et al.利用在横向各向同性均匀介质中测井响应的低频渐近式给出了由张量感应测井响应提取地层各向异性电导率和井孔倾角与方位角信息的解析公式,为张量感应测井资料解释奠定了基础.但是,他们给出的井孔倾角公式存在双值解的不确定性,其各向异性电导率解也不是最佳近似解.本文以更为简洁的推导和分析方法,给出了单值的井孔倾角解以及近似程度更好的各向异性电导率解,并通过数值模拟实例加以说明.本文的结果可为张量感应测井资料的视值解释提供更好的选择. 相似文献
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在横向各向同性（TI）介质中,张量感应测井响应与地层的水平和垂直电导率σh和σv、井眼斜角α、仪器方位角φ同时有关,其资料处理和解释相当复杂,一般采用先定出φ,然后在井眼坐标系中同时反演σh、σv和α的资料处理方式.我们发现将测井响应变换到井眼坐标系时实际上无法确定其交叉分量的符号而只能确定其绝对值,这个问题尚未引起重视.本文给出了无需确定φ就可由测井响应直接计算井眼坐标系磁感应张量的公式,此方法简单,所得结果不受φ提取精度的影响.在此基础上本文给出了利用井眼坐标系的磁感应张量的交叉分量曲线提取地层纵向边界和判别相邻地层电导率高低的一种特征识别方法.本文还给出了大斜度井中TI介质的电导率视值的一种简化近似公式. 相似文献
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采用递推矩阵方法计算各向异性介质的磁流源并矢Green函数,并利用上述并矢Green函数对层状各向异性倾斜地层中多分量感应测井的响应进行数值模拟,分析了线圈距、层厚、倾角和围岩对多分量感应测井响应的影响.计算发现,共面视电导率比共轴视电导率变化规律复杂,不能反映地层电导率的真实情况.各向异性地层共轴视电导率随井眼相对倾角的增加而减小,而共面视电导率随井眼相对倾角的增加而增加.仪器的垂向分辨率、围岩各向异性对目的层响应的影响程度取决于线圈距,围岩各向异性对高电导率目的层中测井响应的影响大于对高电阻率目的层中测井响应的影响. 相似文献
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为研究双轴各向异性介质多分量感应测井响应特征,本文基于三重傅里叶变换,推导任意方向偶极子源的谱域电磁场解析式;采用围线积分方法,自适应截断积分区间,结合谱域电磁场周期特性,实现三重傅里叶变换的精确快速积分;进而,针对双轴各向异性倾斜地层,模拟研究不同纵横向各向异性条件多分量感应测井响应特征.结果表明:利用谱域内电磁场在周向的周期特性简化解析式,可将计算速度提高4倍;自适应截断积分区间方法保证了计算精度,并极大地减少了积分节点数.对于倾斜双轴各向异性介质,倾角较大时,共面分量可反映地层横向各向异性,同轴分量可反映地层纵向各向异性;倾角较小时,同轴分量可反映地层横向各向异性,共面分量可反映地层纵向各向异性. 相似文献
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本文基于感应测井中的几何因子与一阶Born近似理论，通过柱坐标系下耦合势Helmholtz方程三维有限体积法研究建立了各向异性地层中含环状天线槽的随钻方位电磁波测井几何因子.首先，通过引入环状电流源与径向磁偶极子源电磁场Green函数，并结合Green第二积分公式，推导出随钻方位电磁波测井仪器中环形电场和横向磁场微小变化与各向异性地层中水平和垂直电导率相对摄动量之间的关系，得到轴向和横向感应电动势微小变化量计算方法与柱坐标系中轴向和横向分量空间灵敏度函数(三维几何因子)表达式.在此基础上，进一步给出径向和纵向微分几何因子计算公式.然后，应用耦合势三维有限体积法确定发射线圈产生的感应电磁场以及环状电流源与径向磁偶极子源电磁场Green函数的数值解.最后，给出不同频率、不同倾角、不同各向异性系数等多种情况下该仪器的空间灵敏度函数与微分几何因子的数值结果，用于分析考查仪器的响应特征与空间探测能力. 相似文献
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本文针对中国石油集团测井有限公司(CPL)三维阵列感应测井仪器(Three Dimensional Induction Tool,TDIT)的真实结构与参数,利用2.5维数值模式匹配技术研究建立水平层状非均质TI地层中仪器偏心情况下三维感应测井响应的高效数值模拟算法.首先,利用2.5维数值模式匹配技术给出水平层状非均质TI模型中偏心磁流源并矢Green函数的半解析解.在此基础上,结合三维阵列感应测井仪器参数以及测量过程中出现的仪器偏心与旋转等实际情况,通过叠加原理推导出该仪器响应的有效计算公式.最后,通过数值模拟结果分析考察仪器偏心、仪器自旋角等参数对测井响应的影响以及变化特征,为多分量感应资料处理与解释提供理论基础. 相似文献
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利用三维时域有限差分技术（FDTD）研究建立倾斜各向异性地层中多分量电磁测井响应的数值模拟算法.首先,利用Yee氏交错差分格式和线性内插公式对各向异性介质中时域Maxwell方程进行离散化,得到各向异性介质中各个交错节点上电磁场的时域递推公式,同时将面积加权平均与旋转矩阵技术相结合确定各个网格节点的等效电导率张量,此外,单轴各向异性吸收边界条件（UPML）被用于降低求解区域外边界反射.在此基础上,利用单频正弦磁偶源计算时域电磁场空间分布以及特殊的双方程算法（2E2U）从数值结果中快速提取电磁场幅度和相位,确定多分量电磁测井仪器的三维响应.最后,通过数值结果证明该算法的有效性,并系统考察不同层厚、地层倾角以及侵入带半径等变化对多分量电磁测井响应的影响. 相似文献
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本文采用传播矩阵技术研究并建立了层状正交各向异性地层中多分量感应测井响应的有效算法.首先通过Fourier变换将频率空间域中的Maxwell方程组求解问题转化为频率波数域中关于电磁场水平分量常微分方程组的定解问题.利用该方程组系数矩阵的本征值和归一化本征向量将电磁场分解成上行波和下行波模式的组合,推导出均匀正交各向异性介质中由任意方向磁偶极子产生的电磁波模式解析表达式;在此基础上,利用叠加原理和边界条件研究了电磁波在层状正交各向异性地层中的反射和透射,给出各个界面上的广义反射系数和不同地层中电磁波振幅的递推公式,进而得到电磁波模式的解析解.为了有效确定频率空间域中的电磁场,采用二维Patterson自适应求积算法结合有限连分式展开技术计算傅氏逆变换.最后通过数值模拟结果证明了该算法的有效性,考察了不同各向异性系数、不同井眼倾角以及仪器长度和工作频率变化等情况下的多分量感应测井响应特征. 相似文献
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Sofia Davydycheva 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(2):323-340
I study the responses of two different triaxial induction tools to invaded dipping anisotropic formations. I show that the triaxial measurements have generally higher sensitivity to the radial invasion profile, compared to the conventional induction measurements. This enables accurate interpretation of both the anisotropic formation properties and the invasion parameters. Multi‐spacing and single‐spacing multi‐frequency triaxial induction tools can both be used for this purpose. Failure to take the invasion properties into account may lead to misinterpretation of the vertical formation resistivity. Symmetrization of the apparent conductivity matrix opens ways for a visual interpretation of triaxial induction logs for the formation and the invasion zone properties. This technique enables simpler and faster inversion algorithms. I study how the effect of a conductive annulus forming around the invasion zone couples with effects of the dipping anisotropy and the dipping boundaries and show when these effects are additive. Thus, a visual detection of log parts affected by a conductive annulus becomes possible. The key tool for interpretation in complex 3D scenarios is efficient modelling software. I use a 3D finite‐difference modelling approach to simulate responses of induction logging tools of the new generation. Its high efficiency enables simultaneous multi‐spacing and multi‐frequency computing of the tool responses to arbitrary 3D anisotropic formations that made the study possible. 相似文献
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Response simulation and theoretical calibration of a dual-induction resistivity LWD tool 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the borehole, invaded zone, surroundingstrata, and tool eccentricity are analyzed, and calibration loop parameters and calibrationcoefficients of the LWD tool are discussed. The results show that the tool has a greater depthof investigation than that of the existing electromagnetic propagation LWD tools and is moresensitive to azimuthal conductivity. Both deep and medium induction responses have linearrelationships with the formation conductivity, considering optimal calibration loop parametersand calibration coefficients. Due to the different depths of investigation and resolution, deepinduction and medium induction are affected differently by the formation model parameters,thereby having different correction factors. The simulation results can provide theoreticalreferences for the research and interpretation of the dual-induction resistivity LWD tools. 相似文献
14.
Wei Huang Fang Ben Chang-Chun Yin Qing-Min Meng Wen-Jie Li Gui-Xiang Liao Shan Wu Yong-Zai Xi 《应用地球物理》2017,14(3):431-440
Electrically anisotropic strata are abundant in nature, so their study can help our data interpretation and our understanding of the processes of geodynamics. However, current data processing generally assumes isotropic conditions when surveying anisotropic structures, which may cause discrepancies between reality and electromagnetic data interpretation. Moreover, the anisotropic interpretation of the time-domain airborne electromagnetic (TDAEM) method is still confined to one dimensional (1D) cases, and the corresponding three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations are still in development. In this study, we expanded the 3D TDAEM modeling of arbitrarily anisotropic media. First, through coordinate rotation of isotropic conductivity, we obtained the conductivity tensor of an arbitrary anisotropic rock. Next, we incorporated this into Maxwell’s equations, using a regular hexahedral grid of vector finite elements to subdivide the solution area. A direct solver software package provided the solution for the sparse linear equations that resulted. Analytical solutions were used to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the algorithm. The proven model was then applied to analyze the effects of arbitrary anisotropy in 3D TDAEM via the distribution of responses and amplitude changes, which revealed that different anisotropy situations strongly affected the responses of TDAEM. 相似文献
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本文将应用2.5维数值模式匹配算法研究建立柱状横向同性地层中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的高效算法,并利用该算法高效计算多分量阵列感应井眼校正库.首先,通过Fourier展开技术将偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的数值模拟转化为一系列的轴对称问题;然后利用模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到柱状介质中偏心条件下磁流源并矢Green函数的半解析解;最后,结合中国石油集团测井有限公司开发的三维感应测井仪器(TDIT)的结构参数,推导出复合线圈系视电导率张量的计算公式.在此基础上,根据井场实际地层资料归纳出理论地层模型相应参数的变化范围,高效高精度建立一套直接应用于工业生产的多分量阵列感应井眼校正库,并利用井眼校正库详细地分析考察各模型参数对TDIT响应的影响. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
The borehole acoustic reflection imaging logging is a newly developed acoustic logging method that has attracted many interests. These converted and reflected waves for imaging are usually mixed up with borehole guided waves and therefore difficult to be clearly identified. To improve the downhole tool design and develop more sophisticate data processing and interpretation algorithms,studies on precisely numerical modeling of the wave fields in the acoustic reflection imaging logging are neces-sary and critical. This paper developed a parallelized scheme of 3D finite difference (3DFD) with non-uniform staggered grid and PML absorbing boundary to simulate the acoustic wave fields in isotropic and anisotropic formations. Applications of this scheme to the typical cases of isotropic and anisot-ropic formations and comparison with the results from published analytical solutions have demon-strated the validation and efficiency of the scheme. Higher accuracy and lower computation cost (3.5 times faster than the conventional schemes) have been achieved with this scheme for modeling such a complex wave fields of 60 dB dynamic range with higher frequency (10 kHz). This simulating program provides a quantitative analytical means for studying acoustic reflection imaging tool and development of the data processing and interpretation methods. 相似文献
17.
采用偏心状态下柱状成层各向异性(横向各向同性)介质中并矢Green函数的解析表达式高效模拟多分量感应测井仪器在井眼中偏心时的响应.为提高精度,在模拟时考虑到了金属心轴、绝缘保护层的存在以及各分量线圈系的具体形状.数值模拟结果表明,当井眼内钻井液电导率相对较高、地层电导率相对较低时,偏心对仪器响应的影响较大,尤其是对短线圈距线圈系的影响更为明显,必须进行偏心效应校正.当钻井液电导率相对较低时,偏心对线圈系响应的影响可忽略不计.对位于相对低电导率井眼中的线圈系而言仪器方位角的影响可忽略不计,而当线圈系位于相对高电导率井眼中时仪器方位角的影响极为明显.当仪器偏心率较小时线圈系的响应随仪器方位角的变化较小,仪器偏心率越大线圈系的响应随仪器方位角的变化越明显. 相似文献
18.
Downhole resistivity measurements provide valuable information for geosteering and formation evaluation. It is important to understand and correct the environmental effects, such as the borehole, the tool eccentricity and the resistivity anisotropy effects, of the measurements based on fast and accurate modelling methods. A new pseudo-analytic solution for eccentric coaxial and tilted-coil antennas in the cylindrically multilayered medium with transverse isotropic conductivity was developed. This method can take the eccentric tool, the borehole, the mud invasion and the resistivity anisotropy into account. These formulas enable us to simulate the responses of the downhole induction logging tools, including induction wireline and azimuthal propagation logging-while-drilling measurements. Instead of using the prior fictitious boundary, the generalized reflection coefficients are proposed to construct the linear matrix functions to deal with the tool eccentricity. The cylindrical functions are reorganized and presented in forms of ratios. Thus, the proposed formulas obviate the overflow issue in the computation and are more stable and efficient. The proposed approach is compared and validated with other well-established methods. Simulations and case studies show that: (1) the responses of azimuthal resistivity logging-while-drilling tool are affected by the tool's eccentricity in both isotropic and anisotropic medium; (2) sine curve behaviours exist for the phase difference and amplitude ratio of azimuthal resistivity measurements along with different eccentricity azimuth. 相似文献