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1.
菲律宾群岛受到欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和印度-澳大利亚板块的碰撞作用，地质环境复杂，构造因素多样.尽管近几年来已经有了少数关于该区域层析成像的研究，但这些研究的区域主要集中在马尼拉海沟、吕宋岛及中菲律宾地区，而关于群岛周围其他海沟和南菲律宾地区的讨论相对较少.到目前为止，还没有同时获得过关于菲律宾群岛深部纵、横波速度结构的研究，本次研究通过反演155779条P波震相和59642条S波震相，同时获得了菲律宾群岛从地表至150 km深度的纵、横波速度结构.地震层析成像结果表明该地区的壳幔速度结构具有较强的不均一性，地壳内部存在着广泛的低速异常，而表征俯冲板块的高速异常则沿着群岛周边的海沟展布.南海块体在马尼拉海沟中段的俯冲角度和俯冲活动性比南段小；菲律宾海板块在东吕宋海槽南段微弱的俯冲作用很有可能同本哈姆海台的碰撞有关.菲律宾群岛大部分MW>6.0的强震沿着各个板块的边界发生，体现出菲律宾海板块同欧亚板块之间的强耦合作用，群岛西侧的南海块体在马尼拉海沟16°N-20°N之间呈现出的弱耦合状态可能跟北吕宋地区的拉张应力环境有关，南海块体在16°N以南的地区同上覆块体之间的耦合作用较强；群岛东侧的菲律宾海板块在14°N以北的地区没有强震发生，它与菲律宾群岛之间的耦合程度从北向南逐渐增强，在12°N以南的地区要强于12°N以北的地区；此外苏禄海盆和菲律宾构造带之间也存在着强耦合关系. 相似文献
2.
基于纵横波初至走时数据的层析成像方法越来越广泛地被应用于揭示不同构造域壳幔速度结构特征.我们从同一地质体的纵横波速度属性相关这一基本思想出发,提出一种相关反演成像的方法:纵横波速度反演交替进行,在迭代反演过程中每通过一次反演获得相应的纵波速度(或横波速度)结构后,更新相应的纵横波速度比模型以及相应的横波(或纵波)速度反演的初始模型,然后继续开展后续横波(或纵波)速度反演工作.在反演过程中依据纵横波速度的相关性信息和射线路径长度将走时残差以不同权重分配到射线路径经过的单元,依据网格节点周围平均的慢度扰动更新速度模型.正反演过程分别基于有限差分走时计算方法和反投影成像方法.两种典型模型试验表明,该技术应用于上地壳速度结构反演成像过程,可有效提高反演结果的可靠性,在很大程度上避免了常规单独反演纵波和横波速度过程容易带来的畸变和失真.该方法应用于重建青藏高原西部札达—泉水沟深地震测深(DSS)剖面下方的上地壳速度结构,揭示出与青藏高原西缘板块碰撞相关的上地壳速度结构特征. 相似文献
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腾冲是青藏高原东南缘重要的第四纪火山活动区域,全新世以来的火山主要集中在腾冲盆地的中央,由北向南形成一个串珠状的火山链.为了深入探索这一火山区的深部结构和岩浆活动特征,我们在腾冲北部开展了为期一年的流动地震观测,利用接收函数方法计算了台站下方的地壳厚度、平均波速比和泊松比,研究结果揭示出测线下方地壳结构与岩浆活动及火山分布的对应关系.测线北部7个台站的地壳厚度在35.4~37.6 km之间,平均波速比为1.82~1.92、泊松比为0.28~0.31,其中马站附近莫霍面抬升幅度最大,与相邻地区莫霍面深度相差1~2 km,平均波速比和泊松比也达到最大值.相比之下,测线南端两个台站的地壳厚度接近40 km,平均波速比和泊松比仅为1.61~1.64和0.18~0.20,与测线北部7个台站的地壳结构相差甚大.分析表明地幔上涌对火山区莫霍面的局部抬升产生了一定影响,火山湖、黑空山、大-小空山和打鹰山下方应该存在一个相互联通的壳内岩浆囊.该岩浆囊在南北方向上的尺度约为20 km,热流活动以及幔源物质的侵入是地壳平均波速比和泊松比偏高的主要原因,它与热海附近的地温异常区分属两个不同的壳内岩浆存储系统. 相似文献
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应用超声波反射-透射法,在最高压力为1.0 GPa（室温）,最高温度为700℃（1.0 GPa）的条件下对新疆东准噶尔地区的卡拉麦里花岗岩带和野马泉岩体的典型花岗岩类岩石（碱长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和石英闪长岩）的纵波速度（VP）和横波速度（VS）进行了测量.结果显示,在常温、压力0.4~1.0 GPa条件下,东准噶尔地区花岗岩类岩石的VP和VS均随压力呈线性增加,说明在这个压力段岩石中的微裂隙已基本闭合.室温、1.0 GPa时花岗岩类岩石的VP是5.79~6.84 km·s-1,VS是3.26~3.85 km·s-1.依据压力与VP及压力与VS的线性关系,拟合得到常温常压下花岗岩类岩石的纵波和横波压力系数分别是0.1568~0.4078 km/（s·GPa）和0.0722~0.3271 km/（s·GPa）,VP0和VS0分别是5.62~6.47 km·s-1和3.15~3.75 km·s-1.恒压1.0 GPa、室温到700℃条件下,花岗岩类岩石的VP和VS均随温度的升高呈线性降低,温度系数分别为（-3.41~-4.96）×10-4 km/（s·℃）和（-0.88~-3.22）×10-4 km/（s·℃）.利用实验获得的花岗岩类岩石的VP0、VS0及温度系数和压力系数,结合东准噶尔地区的地热资料,建立了VP和VS随深度变化的剖面.将获得的VP和VS-深度剖面与该区地球物理探测结果对比,发现东准噶尔地区的碱长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、二长花岗岩和部分花岗闪长岩的VP和VS与该区上地壳速度吻合很好,同时这几种岩石的平均泊松比也与上地壳泊松比一致,因此我们认为这几种类型的岩石是该区上地壳的重要组成部分.另外,石英闪长岩的VP和VS均符合中地壳的速度,可能为中地壳中的一种岩石. 相似文献
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使用地震层析成像方法反演了中国台湾地区-菲律宾群岛的1197126条P波震相和1217821条S波震相,首次同时得到了该地区从地表到100km的纵横波速度结构。成像结果揭示了沿着马尼拉海沟向东俯冲的欧亚板块从中国台湾西南部到吕宋岛南端构造形态上的变化;中国台湾中央山脉由于受到造山运动的影响,地壳厚度可达55~60km,而山脉两侧的地壳厚度多为20~35km;此外,成像结果还提供了菲律宾海板块在中国台湾东北部及琉球海沟下方北向俯冲的地球物理学证据;研究区域南部的菲律宾群岛由于同时受到两侧欧亚板块和菲律宾海板块的双向俯冲,使得岛内的岩石圈变形严重,岛弧岩浆和地震活动十分发育;群岛东侧的菲律宾海板块在东吕宋海槽的活动性较弱,很可能是本哈姆海台的碰撞和俯冲所造成的,而菲律宾海板块在菲律宾海沟的俯冲活动则十分强烈,随着深度的增加逐渐向南发展。研究表明,板块俯冲造成了中国台湾地区-菲律宾群岛的地壳及上地幔具有较强的不均一性,这不仅孕育了大量的地震和火山活动,同时也对该地区的地质构造产生了深远的影响。 相似文献
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板岩作为一种浅变质岩在我国有着广泛的分布,对其地震波速度的研究将有助于对这类过渡性岩石的有效区分,对于浅层地壳的各向异性研究也具有重要意义.本文对采自云南丙中洛地区的板岩样品进行了地震波速度的室内实验研究,其中部分实验是在加拿大Dalhousie High Pressure Laboratory完成.实验获得了板岩在围压10~600 MPa条件下、不同构造主方向（X,Y和Z）上的地震波速度,在围压600 MPa时,X、Y、Z三个方向的P波速度分别为6.58、6.46、5.91 km/s,平均速度为6.30 km/s,S波平均速度约为3.62 km/s,VP/VS=1.74;并初步分析了板岩地震波速度、横波分裂及其波速各向异性随着围压的变化规律,发现所测量的板岩在较低围压（<150 MPa）时波速的各向异性随围压升高而迅速减小,主要是由于其内部微裂隙的定向排列引起的,而随着围压的继续增加（>150 MPa时）微裂隙基本闭合,黑云母、阳起石等片状矿物的定向排列成为其地震波各向异性的主导诱因,此时（围压为600 MPa）VP、VS的各向异性分别稳定在13%、16%左右.本研究所获取的基础实验数据及所探讨的板岩地震波性质将为确定地壳上部显微裂隙的优选定向、浅层地壳的各向异性分析、地球物理模型条件约束等提供基础. 相似文献
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本文对近年来我国西部地区发生的某些强震及中强震（MS>5.0）的波速比异常作了一些初步探讨.文中给出并讨论了这些地震的波速比异常的一些共同特征,即随时间变化的曲线形态、异常特征量（异常持续时间与异常幅度）和异常的统计分布特征.此外还讨论了波速比异常的特性与地震序列类型、震源深度及震源机制的关系,探索了波速比异常与波速异常间的关系.最后还指出了地震活动性与波速比异常的某种对应关系,并作了简要的讨论. 相似文献
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使用纵波震相及同台同源纵波和横波震相的走时资料及层析成像反演方法，分别给出了菲律宾海板块(PHP)和南海地区的纵波速度Vpf及同台同源的纵波和横波速度Vp和Vs结构. 结果表明，（1） PHP与欧亚板块(EUAP)的俯冲接触关系随地段而异，在琉球海沟，PHP向EUAP之下俯冲深达400 km；在台湾岛，EUAP先近陡直地俯冲到深度400 km，然后折向PHP之下达到660 km左右；在马尼拉海沟北段，俯冲板片几乎垂直达到660 km附近；在菲律宾海沟，PHP向EUAP之下的俯冲深度超过660 km．（2）南海地区之下是一个深达300～400 km的宽阔低速区，并且大致在莺琼海盆与700 km深处另一低速区曲折相通；在该宽阔低速区内部，有两个小而明显的低速区分别在海口火山和珠江口盆地下方．（3）对Vp和Vs及据其算出的容声速度Vb作分析发现，Vs和Vb的平均扰动量对深度的变化在一些深度范围内是反向的；年龄较大的太平洋板块俯冲体的Vs相对扰动量的平均值大于Vb的，而在较年轻的PHP俯冲体中则正好相反． 相似文献
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2011年8月至2013年7月中国地震局地球物理研究所与蒙古科学院天文与地球物理研究中心在蒙古中南部区域布设了宽频带流动地震台阵,这为开展远东地区深部结构的精细探测提供了有利的数据基础.利用台阵记录的远震地震事件,采用P波接收函数的H-κ叠加分析和共转换点（CCP）叠加方法获得了台站下方的地壳厚度及平均波速比.结果显示研究区的地壳厚度介于39 km至45 km之间.整体上Moho面埋深从西北往东南方向逐渐变浅.在蒙古主线性构造两侧地壳厚度呈现区域性变化特征,东南部地区地壳厚度较薄,约为39 km,而西北部地区地壳较厚,达45 km,为此推测蒙古主构造线可能是地壳的一个陡变带.此外,研究地区地壳的平均波速比值（VP/VS）在1.70到1.79之间,均值为1.75,低于全球大陆的平均值1.78,这可能暗示着该区其地壳是缺少铁镁质的.研究还发现测线的西北与东南地区其地壳波速比值较高,推测是古生代铁镁质地壳的残留或是新生代岩浆底侵的反映. 相似文献
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We investigate the seismic structure of the western Philippine Sea using two sets of seismological observations: ScS reverberations, which provide the layering framework for a regional upper mantle model, and observations of frequency-dependent phase delays for direct S waves, surface-reflected phases (sS, SS, sSS), and surface waves (R1, G1), which constrain the velocity and anisotropy structure within the layers. The combined data set, comprising 17 discontinuity amplitudes and layer travel times from the ScS-reverberation stack and more than 1000 frequency-dependent phase delays, was inverted for a path-averaged, radially anisotropic model. Mineralogical estimates of the bulk sound velocity and density are incorporated as complementary constraints. The final model, PHB3, is characterized by a 11.5-km thick crust, an anisotropic lid bounded by a sharp negative G discontinuity at 89 km, an anisotropic low-velocity layer extending to 166 km, a subjacent high-gradient region, and transition-zone discontinuities at depths of 408 km, 520 km and 664 km. The lid is slower than in a comparable model for the Tonga–Hawaii corridor (PA5), but also significantly thicker, requiring a compositional variation between the two regions. We explore the hypothesis that the thickness of the oceanic lid is controlled by the melting depth at the spreading centers during crust formation, and that the thicker crust and lid in the Philippine Sea results from deeper melting owing to a higher potential temperature and perhaps a higher water content in the upper mantle. 相似文献
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We investigated the upper mantle anelastic structure beneath the northern Philippine Sea region, including the Izu-Bonin subduction zone and the Shikoku Basin. We used regional waveform data from 69 events in the Pacific and the Philippine Sea slabs, recorded on F-net and J-array network broadband stations in western Japan. Using the S–P phase pair method, we obtained differential attenuation factors, δt*, which represent the relative whole path Q. We conducted a tomographic inversion using 978 δt* values to invert for a fine-scale (50–100 km) three-dimensional anelastic structure.
The results shows two high-Q regions (QP>1000) which are consistent with the locations of the Pacific and the Philippine Sea slabs. Also there is a low-Q (QP110) area extending to the deeper parts (350–400 km) of the model just beneath the old spreading center and the Kinan Seamount Chain in the Shikoku Basin. A small depth dependence of the laterally averaged QP was found, with values of 266 (0–250 km), 301 (250–400 km), and 413 (400–500 km). 相似文献
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Variation of crustal thickness in the Philippine Sea deduced from three-dimensional gravity modeling
Abstract Crustal thickness of the northern to central Philippine Sea was gravimetrically determined on the simple assumption of four layers: seawater, sediments, crust and lithospheric mantle, with densities of 1030, 2300, 2800 and 3300 kg/m3 , respectively. As for the correction of the regional gravity variation, a 15 km difference of the lithospheric thickness with a density difference of 50 kg/m3 against the asthenosphere below between both sides of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge was taken into consideration. Mantle Bouguer anomalies were calculated on the assumption of constant crustal thickness of 6 km, and then the crustal thickness was obtained by three-dimensional gravity inversion method. The results show occurrence of thin crust areas with a thickness of approximately 5 km in the southern part and at the western margin of the Shikoku Basin and also of thick crust areas in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the Parece Vela Basin. We suggest that these are because of the variation of magma supply at the time of sea floor spreading in the Shikoku and Parece Vela Basins, which is possibly related to the variation of spreading rate and enhanced magmatism near the past arc volcanic fronts. The results further show the occurrence of crust thinner than 5 km in the northeastern part of the West Philippine Basin, of crust thicker than 15 km in the Amami Plateau, the Daito and Oki-Daito Ridges, and also in the northern part of Kyushu-Palau Ridge, whereas the southern part of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge the crust is thicker than 10 km. It was also inferred that small basins in the Daito Ridge province have the thinnest oceanic crust of less than 5 km in the Kita-Daito Basin. 相似文献
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利用2006年8月到2008年3月北京大学在山西断陷带南部架设的两条东西向流动观测地震台阵记录的远震资料,提取各台站接收函数,然后进行倾斜叠加(Slant stack)和台阵偏移成像,获得了沿台阵横穿山西断陷带的地壳和上地幔的精细结构变化.研究结果显示,山西断陷带下面莫霍面存在明显不连续,莫霍面上隆约4~6 km,纵横波速比从两侧的1.75上升为山西断陷带内部2.0左右,且中、下地壳可能存在一个低速层.山西断陷带的构造模式沿相距140 km的两条剖面表现出明显差异:南端的临汾盆地为拉张作用下的纯剪切模式,向北转化为太原盆地的简单剪切模式. 相似文献
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2022年1月8日1时45分青海省门源县发生MS6.9地震.本文基于青藏高原东北缘水平分辨率为0.3°的地震层析成像结果,获取了震源周边区域的地壳浅部构造信息,包括波速、泊松比以及估计的裂隙密度和饱和率的空间分布.结果表明:此次门源MS6.9地震发生在P波和S波波速剧烈变化的区域,靠近高速体的边缘.泊松比和饱和率同样都显示,门源MS6.9地震发生在高低值变化的过渡区.地震活动参数分析显示,震前冷龙岭断裂带的震源周边区域显示出了低b值、较低的a值和高a/b值的特征,与龙门山—岷山构造带强震之前的情况类似.裂隙密度在冷龙岭断裂两侧呈现出显著差异,北侧高于南侧,这可能是震后现场科考发现的断裂带地表破裂北侧高于南侧的构造成因. 相似文献
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VELOCITY STRUCTURE TOMOGRAPHY OF REGIONS DOWNSTREAM THE JINSHA RIVER BASED ON DENSE OBSERVATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, the double difference seismic tomography method is applied to the phase arrival times of 7 465 seismic events to determine the hypocenter parameters of events as well as detailed 3D velocity structure at the northern segment of Xiaojiang Fault and its surrounding area. The data was recorded by 42 stations of the Jinshajiang River network from August 2013 to November 2016. At 2~6km, VP and VS present low velocity anomalies along the northern segment of Xiaojiang Fault, and the VS anomaly is especially remarkable. On both sides of the Xiaojiang Fault, there also exist obvious P and S wave low velocity areas. These low velocity areas correspond to the terrain, lithology distribution and the watershed of Jinsha River at shallower layer in the study area. Starting from 6km, a NE-directed high VP band along Zhaotong-Ludian and Huize-Yiliang Fault is formed on the eastern side of the northern segment of Xiaojiang Fault. VS also shows the high value in the area bounded by Lianfeng Fault, Baogunao-Xiaohe Fault and Huize-Yiliang Fault. Above 10km depth, to the west side of the Xiaojiang Fault including the Ninghui Fault, VP shows a significant low-velocity anomaly, while to the east side it presents high velocity feature. The Xiaojiang fault zone shows a significant low VP from north to south in the study region, and the low velocity anomaly in the northern segment is relatively significant, especially the low velocity anomaly area reaches 15km deep around Qiaojia area. Beneath the Baihetan Dam, a significant low VP area reaching to 5km deep is found. The earthquakes around the dam formed a strip from shallow to deep on the low-velocity area side. Whereas, a stable high-velocity area is found under the Wudongde Dam. The events relocation result shows that:all the focal depths in the study area are shallower than 20km, and the predominant focal depth is within 15km. Different from the NE-trending of the major faults in the study area, the relocated seismic events are obviously distributed nearly east-west along Matang Fault and Daduo Fault and the region around Huize. The focal depths of MS6.5 Ludian earthquake sequences are shallower than 15km, and mostly less than 10km. The aftershocks within 2a after the Ludian M6.5 earthquake form two predominant bands of about 40km and 20km along near EW and SN direction, respectively. 相似文献
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We investigated the physical properties in the upper mantle beneath the Philippine Sea using a theoretical relation derived by Karato [Mapping water content in the upper mantle. Subduction factory, AGU Monograph, in press]. From the attenuation model of Shito and Shibutani [Phys. Earth Planet. Interact., in press] and the velocity model of Widiyantoro et al. [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 173 (1999) 91], observed attenuation and velocity anomalies were evaluated to explain the temperature, water content, and chemical heterogeneities in the target area. The results indicate that the observed anomalies in the shallower regions (50–200 km) may be due to chemical composition effects (e.g., concentration of iron), in addition to the temperature and water content anomalies. In contrast, for the deep upper mantle (300–400 km), the observations can be explained by only the effects of high water content (10–50 times higher than the average mantle). These inferred properties of the mantle are consistent with the tectonic history of the Philippine Sea region, which has had a long history of subduction and active magmatism. 相似文献
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利用Rayleigh波群速度资料反演得到中国大陆及其临近海域的(70°E-145°E,10°N-55°N)15-120s周期的群速度分布图像. 塔里木盆地在15s处清楚地显示为低速,在16-33s左右没有显示,但在36-5s显示为高速,说明塔里木盆地有较深的根. 青藏高原块体是44s至120s图像中最为突出的低速块体,南面与印度板块的分界线以及与北面的塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地的分界清晰,其块体中西部的速度低于东部. 泰国清迈附近存在一尺度为1000km左右的低速带,可能是青藏高原块体的物质向东南方向迁移造成上地幔物质上涌的结果. 南北地震带表现为强烈的速度梯度带,西面为低速,东面为高速. 中国南海的中央、日本海中央、菲律宾海表现为海洋性地壳. 菲律宾海的图像与地形及地震带完全吻合. 环绕菲律宾海及日本海存在400km左右宽的低速带,可能是岩浆活动带. 相似文献
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Shear partitioning in the Philippines: Constraints from Philippine Fault and global positioning system data 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Mario A. Aurelio 《Island Arc》2000,9(4):584-597
Abstract The Philippine Fault is a major left-lateral structure formed in an island arc setting. It accommodates a component of the oblique convergence between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Philippine archipelago. This observation is quantified through a series of global positioning satellite experiments between 1991 and 1996. The formation of the Fault marks the onset of a new geodynamic regime in the Philippine region. In the central Philippines, this event corresponds to the creation of a new tectonic boundary separating the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Philippine Sea Plate, following the latter's kinematic reorganization that occurred around 4 Ma ago. During this event, the Philippine Sea Plate changed its relative movement with respect to Eurasia from a northward to a north-westward motion, favoring the formation of a Philippine Fault–Philippine Trench system under a shear partitioning mechanism. 相似文献
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2022年1月8日1时45分青海省门源县发生MS6.9地震.本文基于青藏高原东北缘水平分辨率为0.3°的地震层析成像结果,获取了震源周边区域的地壳浅部构造信息,包括波速、泊松比以及估计的裂隙密度和饱和率的空间分布.结果表明:此次门源MS6.9地震发生在P波和S波波速剧烈变化的区域,靠近高速体的边缘.泊松比和饱和率同样都显示,门源MS6.9地震发生在高低值变化的过渡区.地震活动参数分析显示,震前冷龙岭断裂带的震源周边区域显示出了低b值、较低的a值和高a/b值的特征,与龙门山—岷山构造带强震之前的情况类似.裂隙密度在冷龙岭断裂两侧呈现出显著差异,北侧高于南侧,这可能是震后现场科考发现的断裂带地表破裂北侧高于南侧的构造成因. 相似文献