共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
我们对日本西南部南海俯冲板块界面过渡带发生的超低频地震进行报道。由矩震级为3.1～3.5的超低频地震引起的地震波显示其卓越长周期约为20s。超低频地震活动伴随深源低频颤动和慢滑事件同时发生,并随之移动。慢地震一直被认为会增加向上倾斜的大型逆冲地震断裂带上的应力,而这3种现象的同时发生提高了人们对慢地震的探测和特性鉴定水平。 相似文献
2.
最近观测到的异常地震事件——深部低频地震和颤动、甚低频地震及慢滑动事件——形成了慢震群,而这个慢震群受控于不同于普通地震的标定律。根据这个标定律,我们在日本西部的纪伊半岛下方观测到了之前未知的事件,其震源持续时间约20-200s,矩震级为3～4级。这些地震在2～8Hz的频带范围内辐射能量,直接与其地震矩率成比例,但这个比例常数比一般地震小4～5个数量级。这个地区的慢地震可能是由大量的剪切滑动事件组成的,从地震方法上看,总体上会呈现为颤动或长达200s持续时间的较长独立事件,从大地测量方法上看,是慢滑动事件。 相似文献
3.
4.
研究了2001年11月14日昆仑山MS8.1大地震前新疆地区宽频带地震仪记录到的异常扰动事件.新疆地震台网在发生强震的前三天记录到了强烈的扰动信号.由于新疆地震台距离昆仑山大地震的震中很近，因此该震前扰动的成因备受关注，一直被认为可能是与大地震相关的慢地震事件，可能是大地震的某种前兆现象.本研究扩大了观测异常扰动事件的范围，分析了欧亚大陆187个宽频带地震仪在2001年11月的观测记录，发现这些地震仪在11月10—12日期间都记录到了时频特征类似的强扰动信号，其中最强的扰动信号出现在挪威台站KONO.调查研究发现挪威海域在11月10—12日期间出现了一次超强北极风暴，我们对扰动源位置初步定位后发现大地震前欧亚大陆各台站记录的最大扰动信号主要来源于挪威西南海岸.本文的研究结果确认昆仑山大地震前新疆台网记录到的强烈震前扰动信号不是与大地震相关的慢地震事件，而是挪威海域北极风暴激发的微地震（地脉动）.本文进一步研究表明北极风暴激发的地脉动可显著影响中国大陆的地震和重力观测.在分析中国大陆地震台网记录的强扰动信号时，北极风暴的影响不能忽视. 相似文献
5.
最新研究发现,发生在断层带深部的小地震和极小颤动地震都是由地表的慢地震引起的。这种慢地震可能也是可发生在俯冲带的震源比较浅、震级高、破坏力强的地震的前兆,如2004年12月发生的苏门答腊地震。美国地质调查局的地震学家B.Ellsworth说,“2002年,日本地震学家K.Obara首次发现的“非火山”微弱信号是半个世纪来被发现的第一个新的地震波震源”。颤动地震与我们常见的普通地震的信号不同,它没有包含地震学家确定地震震中的P波和S波。这种信号可能持续的时间较长,与一般地震只有几秒钟的信号相比较,它可以持续15min。一系列1级或2级的… 相似文献
6.
慢地震慢前兆的机制研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
通过岩石高温高压破裂实验与有机玻璃破裂试验的应力—应变曲线对比、地震波形记录(观测资料)与试样破裂波形(实验资料)对比、地震前后定点应变与主破裂前后应变形态变化的对比，认为慢地震是临界或亚临界破裂或预先滑动所致，是低频应变波动。它是材料屈服、弱化或塑性变化的必然结果。而慢前兆则是临近大地震(大破裂)前出现的诸如形变、低频地震波(破裂弹性波)等的短期及临震前兆现象，它比较可靠。但由于许多岩石主破裂前并无明显的临界破裂或预滑动现象，也并非所有岩石都一定出现明显屈服，所以也并非每个地震前都有慢地震，因此，也就不一定都出现低频波动。从而，也并不一定都出现相同的短期、临震前兆现象。 相似文献
7.
8.
雷达差分干涉测量（DINSAR）技术能够精确测量雷达视线向的地表形变量的特性，使其成为一种新兴的地表形变遥感测量方法。2001年11月14日发生的昆仑山口西8．1级大地震是近50年来发生在我国大陆的最大规模地震。地震造成的断裂带长度约350km。文中以断裂带最西端的震中地区为实验区，选取多时相ERS-2 SAR影像和航天飞机SRTM DEM数据，采用二路重轨雷达差分干涉处理方法提取了地震形变信息并进行了对比验证。研究结果表明，采用外部DEM的二路差分方法在地形起伏大的高山地区较为有效，且昆仑山地震太阳湖南侧地震破裂带是左旋性质的。 相似文献
9.
卡斯凯迪亚消减带的周期性的慢地震 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汇聚边界连续的大地测量结果显示,深部瞬时蠕变事件可释放大量的应变能而不产生可测震动,因而这种地震被称之为慢震或寂静地震。因为最大地震产生于消减带,所以了解慢震在多大程度上降低罕见大地震释放的能量,对地震危险性的评估至关重要。下面我们提供的资料说明发生在卡斯凯迪亚慢震的周期性和目前正在发生的这样一个地震。 相似文献
10.
澜沧—耿马地震前FSQ仪记录到的粘滑和慢地震及对短临预报探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文分析了弥渡，永胜，楚雄台ＦＳＱ型浮子水管仪原始记录图，发现澜沧－耿马大震前，出现短临形变异常特征，其主要表现为粘滑，慢地震。粘滑，慢地震，小震活动是大震前震源体直接传播出来的孕震过程的主要信息。及时分析定点形变台站观测中的这些震兆信息，可能是探索短临地震预报的一种良好途径。 相似文献
11.
Wang Yanzhao 《中国地震研究》2007,21(4):355-364
Seismological and geodetic observations indicate that slow slip sometimes occurs in active fault zones beneath the seismogenic depth, and large slow slip can result in transient ground motion. Slow earthquakes, on the other hand, emit tremor-like signals within a narrow frequency band, and usually produce no catastrophic consequences. In general, slow slip and slow earthquakes probably correspond to deformation processes associated with releasing elastic energy in fault zones, and understanding their mechanisms may help improve our understanding of fault zone dynamic processes. This article reviews the research progress on slow slip and slow earthquakes over the last decade. Crustal motion and tremor activities associated with slow slip and slow earthquakes have been investigated extensively, mainly involving locating sources of slow slip and slow earthquakes and numerical modeling of their processes. In the meantime, debates have continued about slow slip and slow earthquakes, such as their origins, relationship, and mechanisms. 相似文献
12.
13.
The relationship between the slip activity and occurrence of historical earthquakes along the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), together with that of the fault systems extending eastward has been examined. The MTL is divided into three segments, each containing diagnostic active faults. No historical earthquakes have been recorded along the central segment, although the segment has faster Quaternary slip rates compared with the other segments that have generated historical earthquakes. This discrepancy between earthquake generation and slip rate can be explained by a microplate model of southwest Japan. The microplate model also provides spatial and temporal coupling of slip on adjacent fault systems. In the context of this model, slip on adjacent faults reduces the normal stress on the MTL. Historical data and paleoseismic evidence indicate that slip on this segment occurs without significant strong ground motion. We interpret this as indicating anomalously slow seismic slip or aseismic slip. Slip on the central segment of the MTL creates transpressional regions at the eastern and western segments where historical earthquakes were recorded. Alternatively, the earthquakes at the eastern and western segments were triggered and concentrated shear stress at the edge of the segments resulted in postseismic slip along the central segment. The sequence of historical events suggests that the MTL characteristically does not produce great earthquakes. The microplate model also provides a tectonic framework for coupling of events among the MTL, the adjacent fault systems and the Nankai trough. 相似文献
14.
Slow earthquakes and great earthquakes along the Nankai trough 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We have reexamined reports indicating that slow deformation occurred before the great Japan earthquakes of 1944 (Tonankai) and 1946 (Nankaido) and find that the observations are well founded. Although no quantitative models have previously been proposed to explain all of the relevant data we show that they are satisfied by a simple model for both earthquakes. The model, based on known properties of subduction zones, has slow slip on the subduction interface in an area deeper than the seismic rupture. If this model is correct and a similar physical situation holds for an anticipated Tokai earthquake, existing instruments will be able to reveal the pre-slip in real time. While differences among the deformation time series at different sites will provide strong constraints on the slow rupture propagation, these differences could result in delaying the recognition of a coherent event. 相似文献
15.
Egill Hauksson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2010,167(8-9):979-997
We associate waveform-relocated background seismicity and aftershocks with the 3-D shapes of late Quaternary fault zones in southern California. Major earthquakes that can slip more than several meters, aftershocks, and near-fault background seismicity mostly rupture different surfaces within these fault zones. Major earthquakes rupture along the mapped traces of the late Quaternary faults, called the principal slip zones (PSZs). Aftershocks occur either on or in the immediate vicinity of the PSZs, typically within zones that are ??2-km wide. In contrast, the near-fault background seismicity is mostly accommodated on a secondary heterogeneous network of small slip surfaces, and forms spatially decaying distributions extending out to distances of ??10?km from the PSZs. We call the regions where the enhanced rate of background seismicity occurs, the seismic damage zones. One possible explanation for the presence of the seismic damage zones and associated seismicity is that the damage develops as faults accommodate bends and geometrical irregularities in the PSZs. The seismic damage zones mature and reach their finite width early in the history of a fault, during the first few kilometers of cumulative offset. Alternatively, the similarity in width of seismic damage zones suggests that most fault zones are of almost equal strength, although the amount of cumulative offset varies widely. It may also depend on the strength of the fault zone, the time since the last major earthquake as well as other parameters. In addition, the seismic productivity appears to be influenced by the crustal structure and heat flow, with more extensive fault networks in regions of thin crust and high heat flow. 相似文献
16.
Shear zones in outcrops and core drillings on active faults commonly reveal two scales of localization, with centimeter to tens of meters thick deformation zones embedding much narrower zones of mm-scale to cm-scale. The narrow zones are often attributed to some form of fast instability such as earthquakes or slow slip events. Surprisingly, the double localisation phenomenon seem to be independent of the mode of failure, as it is observed in brittle cataclastic fault zones as well as ductile mylonitic shear zones. In both, a very thin layer of chemically altered, ultra fine grained ultracataclasite or ultramylonite is noted. We present an extension to the classical solid mechanical theory where both length scales emerge as part of the same evolutionary process of shearing the host rock. We highlight the important role of any type of solid-fluid phase transitions that govern the second degree localisation process in the core of the shear zone. In both brittle and ductile shear zones, chemistry stops the localisation process caused by a multiphysics feedback loop leading to an unstable slip. The microstructural evolutionary processes govern the time-scale of the transition between slow background shear and fast, intermittent instabilities in the fault zone core. The fast cataclastic fragmentation processes are limiting the rates of forming the ultracataclasites in the brittle domain, while the slow dynamic recrystallisation prolongs the transition to ultramylonites into a slow slip instability in the ductile realm. 相似文献
17.
Sustained slow slip, which is a distinctive feature of slow slip events (SSEs), is investigated theoretically, assuming a fault embedded within a fluid-saturated 1D thermo-poro-elastic medium. The object of study is specifically SSEs occurring at the down-dip edge of seismogenic zone in hot subduction zones, where mineral dehydrations (antigorite, lawsonite, chlorite, and glaucophane) are expected to occur near locations where deep slow slip events are observed. In the modeling, we introduce dehydration reactions, coupled with slip-induced dilatancy and thermal pressurization, and slip evolution is assumed to interact with fluid pressure change through Coulomb’s frictional stress. Our calculations show that sustained slow slip events occur when the dehydration reaction is coupled with slip-induced dilatancy. Specifically, slow slip is favored by a low initial stress drop, an initial temperature of the medium close to that of the dehydration reaction equilibrium temperature, a low permeability, and overall negative volume change associated with the reaction (i.e., void space created by the reaction larger than the space occupied by the fluid released). Importantly, if we do not assume slip-induced dilatancy, slip is accelerated with time soon after the slip onset even if the dehydration reaction is assumed. This suggests that slow slip is sustained for a long time at hot subduction zones because dehydration reaction is coupled with slip-induced dilatancy. Such slip-induced dilatancy may occur at the down-dip edge of seismogenic zone at hot subduction zones because of repetitive occurrence of dehydration reaction there. 相似文献
18.
震群发震机理研究是近年来地震学研究的热点之一,其中基于观测现象对不同发震机理模型的分析和讨论是研究焦点.本文以2015年河北滦县震群为研究对象,首先通过模板匹配方法检测震群活动期间目录遗漏地震事件,得到更为完整的地震目录.再通过波形互相关震相检测技术标定地震事件在记录台站的震相到时,依据标定的震相到时,利用双差定位方法对震群进行精定位,基于地震精定位结果分析震群的震中扩展特征.最后通过波形互相关系数和破裂面重合程度检测震群中是否存在重复地震活动.通过计算共检测到目录遗漏地震事件103个.地震精定位结果显示发震构造为北东向断层,震中扩展表现出迁移速率先快后慢的两阶段线性扩展特征.震群活动期间共检测到两组重复地震活动,其中第一组发生在震中扩展的第一阶段,第二组发生在震中扩展的第二阶段.在三种常见的震群发震机理模型——级联触发模型、断层慢滑动模型和流体侵入模型中,断层慢滑动模型能够解释我们观测到的重复地震活动和震中线性扩展现象,因此认为此次滦县震群活动可能伴随断层的慢滑动,断层慢滑动可能对滦县震群的触发和持续活动起到一定作用. 相似文献
19.
本文根据强震区域分布特征与大地貌的相关性,127个地震断层面解,18个大地震破裂带资料和地震断裂带的平均滑动速度等方面的资料,提出了中国大陆地震应力调整场动态模型。最后,基于此模型讨论了中国地震活动性问题 相似文献
20.
华南沿海温泉分布与地震活动关系初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
华南沿海温泉分布与新构造运动关系密切。温泉和地震是活动断裂体系中既相辅相成又互为消长的两个侧面。一方面,两者之间存在正相关关系,即中高温温泉密集区(带)地震(包括强震)活跃,温泉稀少区(带)地震微弱;另一方面,温泉的过度集中反而降低了该地段的强震发生可能性。笼统认为强震发生于非地热异常场的说法不确切,易引起误解。 相似文献