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1.
大容量气枪水库激发作为陆地震源的可行性与有效性已经得到成功验证.为进一步提高气枪震源激发效果,本文通过水库气枪激发试验对单枪容量为2000 in3的气枪震源激发子波特征及规律进行了研究.依据近场水听器和远场短周期地震仪记录数据,分析气枪震源沉放深度、工作压力等不同激发条件对压力脉冲和气泡脉冲的影响.有助于人们根据不同尺度地下结构探测对震源激发信号的要求,调整气枪激发参数和激发环境,获得最佳激发效果.试验结果表明：（1）沉放深度对压力脉冲波形影响较小,其优势频率不随沉放深度而改变;（2）随着沉放深度从5 m增加到11 m,气泡脉冲的优势频率由5 Hz增加至7 Hz,其最大振幅亦近线性递增;（3）工作压力越大,激发压力脉冲能量越强,而对气泡脉冲的影响主要体现在主频降低.适合远距离深穿透地下结构探测的低频信号主要来自大容量气枪所激发气泡的反复振荡,由于气枪振荡过程非常复杂,本文通过较为简洁的数学和物理模型进行了解释. 相似文献
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大容量气枪震源子波时频特性及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的近场水听器记录,研究气枪子波时频特性及其受沉放深度和工作压力的影响,并结合气泡模型解释气泡振荡过程。数据分析表明：①气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成。主脉冲振幅大,持时短,频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。②随沉放深度的增加,主脉冲振幅变化很小,气泡脉冲振幅增加,初泡比减小,气泡周期减小,低频段主频增加。沉放深度为10m时,主脉冲振幅和初泡比最大,可应用于浅部探测;沉放深度为25m时,气泡脉冲振幅很大,初泡比最小,可应用于深部探测。③工作压力增加时,主脉冲振幅、气泡脉冲振幅、初泡比、气泡周期等随之增大,低频段主频则减小。 相似文献
3.
通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的近场水听器记录,研究气枪子波时频特性及其受沉放深度和工作压力的影响,并结合气泡模型解释气泡振荡过程。数据分析表明:1气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成。主脉冲振幅大,持时短,频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。2随着沉放深度的增加,主脉冲振幅变化很小,而气泡脉冲振幅增加,初泡比减小,气泡周期减小,低频段主频增加。沉放深度为10m时,主脉冲振幅和初泡比最大,可应用于浅部探测;沉放深度为25m时,气泡脉冲振幅很大,初泡比最小,可应用于深部探测。3工作压力增加时,主脉冲振幅、气泡脉冲振幅、初泡比、气泡周期等随之增大,低频段主频则减小。 相似文献
4.
大容量气枪震源的实验与模拟研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
气枪震源是一种新兴、环保、绿色的人工震源,在区域尺度深部探测中有重要的应用前景.本文通过实验模拟研究了用于深部探测的大容量气枪震源,主要工作为:(1)根据陆上气枪实验分析了大容量气枪震源的特征;(2)采用自由气泡振荡理论模拟气枪信号,探讨深部探测中增强气泡效应从而增大气枪低频部分能量的方法;(3)研究气枪容量、工作压力和沉放深度等对单枪信号的影响及枪阵激发时刻和气枪间距对枪阵信号的影响,指导深部探测中气枪震源工作参数的选择;(4)研究不同类型水底对反射透射系数的影响,其结果对于选择合适的场地条件有指导意义. 相似文献
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6.
地学长江计划安徽段实验是大容量气枪震源在长江的首次激发。本文对布设在气枪固定激发点附近的流动台和周边固定台接收到的气枪信号进行线性叠加,以分析近场、远场信号的时频特性,并利用叠加结果检测气枪信号的传播特性,分析不同环境因素对信号传播距离的影响。结果表明:1近岸首台可以接收到清晰的压力脉冲、气泡脉冲的体波和面波信号;2气枪信号主频为5Hz左右,随着震中距的增加,压力脉冲信号衰减很快,信号主频频带变窄;3对信号传播距离进行初步检测发现,最近的传播距离为180km,最远共有3个激发点传播达到260km,夜晚激发时信号传播距离较远。 相似文献
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监测地下结构以及介质变化是地震学研究的任务之一,选择合适的信号源对监测结果的优劣有着重要的影响。作为区域性地球物理勘探的理想震源,与传统的人工源相比,气枪震源重复性好、低频丰富并且绿色环保,极大地拓展了我们探索地球的手段。陆地水体气枪激发环境与海洋气枪存在显著不同,陆地气枪激发水体为有限小型水体,水体形状各不相同,陆地气枪信号的激发和传播不可避免地受到固液界面的影响。在利用气枪震源进行一些高精度的介质性质监测时,需要详细掌握气枪震源的源部分的特征,以去除气枪震源本身对测量结果的影响。为了研究气枪激发环境对气枪激发信号的影响,探讨气枪震源的能量传播过程,本文结合陆地气枪主动震源在区域尺度地球物理勘探中的应用,辅助以数值模拟方法,进行了不同水体对气枪激发信号性质影响的研究,分析了水体形状对气枪激发信号影响的机制。结合实际的观测数据和数值模拟方法,对快速评估气枪激发后气枪能量的传播过程提出了简单的计算方法。本文结合马刨泉实验,介绍了云南宾川、新疆呼图壁和甘肃张掖气枪地震信号发射台站的工作和取得的进展,发现大容量气枪震源应用到陆地区域尺度地球物理勘测中具有较好的可操作性和很重要的科研意义。利用数值模拟的方法计算地震波的传播,是地震学研究中的有效手段。在主动源探测领域,对地震波在复杂介质中的传播过程进行准确模拟,可以为主动源相关的数据资料的分析解释和区域介质结构反演提供理论支持和依据,有助于利用主动源开展地下介质性质的研究工作。在气枪主动源实验中,由于实地情况非常复杂,如固液界面上发生的反射、折射等现象,水体水位高低的变化、气枪在水体中放置位置的偏移等等因素,都有可能使波场特征发生改变。要想从实际观测的波形中剥离掉这些影响因素,从而得到震源特性,是十分困难的。因此,对气枪震源进行数值模拟的正演研究,有助于我们得到更为准确的震源本身特性。陆地水体气枪激发环境与传统的海洋气枪存在不同。本文通过分析实际气枪激发实验的数据,结合数值模拟实验,从绝对振幅、相对振幅、频率以及形状参数等几个方面,综合分析了水体形状对陆地大容量气枪激发信号的影响。本文的研究表明,不同水体形状对信号存在一定程度的影响,并且不同水体形状对不同频率的信号具有不同程度的影响。在几十米的水体尺度内,陆地有限水体对高频的脉冲信号影响较强,而对低频的气泡脉冲信号影响较弱。陆地气枪信号形成完整的气泡脉冲需要足够的水体体积,而在水体体积足够大的情况下,水体边界越陡,气枪能量转化为低频能量的效率越高,所激发信号波形越尖锐。而这也是陆地有限水体气枪应用的理想水体激发环境。经典气泡振荡理论是解释海洋气枪激发机制的基础理论,它将气枪信号分为压力脉冲信号和气泡脉冲信号两部分来加以阐述。但是在陆地气枪激发中,固液界面的研究一直缺乏准确的理论探讨。虽然无限半空间水体中气枪的激发信号方程可以由经典气泡震荡理论给出,但是由于陆地激发环境边界条件的复杂性,我们很难或者不能求出陆地有限水体中气枪激发信号的解析解。这使得我们有必要寻找一种方法来研究陆地气枪震源的震源特性。依据反投影方法的基本原理,本文改进了算法使之适用于陆上气枪震源的波场监测。通过五组数值模拟实验,本文发现利用布置在水体中的水听器接收到的信号,该方法可以有效地监测到气枪信号的能量传播过程。该方法布置方便,计算迅速,结果可靠,可以有效及时地对气枪震源的效果做出评估,可以为更充分地利用气枪震源提出有益的指导。应用陆地气枪震源可以监测波速变化,但因为气枪数据多来自于单一震源和单侧接收台站的监测配置,我们很难利用传统方法定位波速变化的位置。我们试图通过正演计算对波速变化位置提供一定的约束。首先利用较详细的速度结构信息,建立不同波速异常的试探模型,然后应用数值方法计算不同模型下接收台站的波形信号,与实际数据相比较选出最优模型,估计波速变化的位置以及波速变化的幅度。 相似文献
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大容量气枪震源长江定点激发信号检测 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
地学长江计划“安徽段实验”是大容量气枪震源在长江的首次激发。本文针对布设在气枪固定激发点附近的流动台和周边固定台接收到的气枪信号进行线性叠加分析近场和远场信号的时频特性,利用叠加结果检测气枪信号的传播特性,分析不同环境因素对信号传播距离的影响。结果表明：①近岸首台可以接收到清晰的压力脉冲、气泡脉冲的体波和面波信号;②气枪信号主频为5Hz左右,随震中距的增加,压力脉冲信号衰减很快,信号主频频带变窄;③对信号传播距离进行初步检测,最近的传播距离为180km,最远共有3个激发点传播达到260km,夜晚激发信号传播距离较远。 相似文献
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基于4支单枪容量2 000 in3的气枪组成的阵列,2017年2月在宾川地震信号发射台大银甸水库内开展了不同激发气枪压力、沉放深度和水平位移情况下的对比试验。利用发射台周边9个流动宽频带数字地震仪与震源附近3个参考台的数据,使用互相关时延检测的方法计算了不同激发条件下的气枪信号的走时变化,并结合激发条件进行了分析。研究表明:(1)不同气枪压力或沉放深度下,激发的气枪信号的波形和互相关系数存在明显差异;(2)气枪压力从9 MPa升为15 MPa,走时变化可达0.06 s;(3)走时变化的可能原因是主频段(3~5Hz)中的相对高频成分发生变化,相对低频成分未变化,二者耦合在一起形成了伪走时变化;(4)由于气枪信号不同时窗走时变化不尽相同,技术手段难以消除压力的影响,所以建议未来气枪激发时固定激发条件;利用已有资料做走时变化相关研究时选用震幅相近的数据。 相似文献
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气枪主动源探测实验需要获得信噪比较优的波形数据,因此实验前很有必要进行不同工况的激发实验。通过综合分析台站记录特征,寻找最优激发效果的工况条件,为后续定点激发奠定重要基础。本文在福建南一水库大容量气枪震源实验时通过单次激发分析、叠加分析、信噪比系数等方法综合研判工况激发效果,确定出最优工况,再利用台网噪声评估对得到的最优工况做进一步验证。结果表明:南一水库最优工况为:水深25m、枪阵沉放深度12 m、枪阵尺寸7 m×7 m。该最优工况激发时段未处在低噪声时刻,说明该工况的激发效果确为优越,结果较为可靠。 相似文献
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M.H. SAFAR 《Geophysical Prospecting》1980,28(1):85-94
A new technique is developed for generating a short seismic pulse from the bubble pulses which are radiated by an air-gun. The new technique, which is useful in well velocity surveys and vertical seismic profiling, can be implemented by firing a single air-gun several times at the same depth but with different chamber pressures. A record obtained by this procedure from a well-geophone clamped at a depth of 2450 m gave a maximum peak-to-peak amplitude within the first 100 ms of the effective seismic pulse at least ten times any later peak-to-peak amplitude. 相似文献
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利用中、小容量气枪组成的立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源和海底地震仪(OBS)在我国北部浅海海域开展了人工地震深部地球物理探测试验.基于水深条件和压制水体虚反射、提升低频能量的需要,使气枪震源有足够的输出能量和高品质子波特性,研究了立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源工作机理,经远场子波理论模拟优选了组合参数并进行了海上试验工作.结果表明,中、小容量气枪组成的立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源,适应了浅水海域的激发环境,降低了由虚反射造成的局部陷波和干扰作用,有效地改善了OBS信号的品质,获得了Ps,Pg,PmP,Pn等多种震相.创新了由中、小容量气枪组成的立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源在浅海区OBS探测中的应用,也填补了南黄海海域深地震探测数据的空白,为南黄海、渤海深部地壳结构研究及含油气盆地形成演化研究提供了重要的基础资料. 相似文献
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M. H. SAFAR 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(4):773-787
A new technique is developed for shaping the pressure bubble pulse radiated by an array of air-guns. It involves the proper spacing of identical units. It is shown that considerable shortening of the pressure bubble pulse can be achieved provided there is sufficient mutual coupling between all the air-guns. The existing air-gun array technique for reducing the bubble pulse involves the redistribution of the energy of the bubble pulses which are produced by an array of variable sized air-guns such that no energy of the bubble pulses is radiated along the perpendicular to the array axis and only the sum of the initial pulses produced by the air-guns forming the array is radiated along that direction. However, the new air-guns array technique involves the damping of the bubble pulses which are produced by an array of identical air-guns by means of mutual interaction and the effective pressure pulse radiated by the array is given by the sum of the damped bubble pulses produced by the mutually coupled identical air-guns. Preliminary field trials gave results consistent with the theoretical predictions. A comparison between the waveforms of the pressure bubble pulses radiated by a single air-gun and by an array of four identical air-guns shows that, due to the presence of mutual coupling between the four air-guns, effective damping of the bubble pulse radiated by the array is about 50% greater than that of the bubble pulse radiated by the single air-gun. 相似文献
15.
M. H. SAFAR 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(4):756-772
A theoretical model is developed for predicting three important parameters of the pressure pulse radiated by an air-gun, namely the rise time, the amplitude of the initial pulse, and the period of the bubble pulse. A knowledge of these three parameters is essential for the efficient design of air-guns arrays. The prediction of the amplitude of the initial pulse is based on the assumption that the initial pulse is radiated by a spherical source with surface area equal to that of the air-gun ports and not by a spherical source with initial volume equal to that of the air-gun chamber, as has been assumed previously. A simple equation is obtained for predicting the period of the bubble pulsation, taking into account the effect of the air-gun body, boundaries such as the sea-surface and seabed and the presence of a number of identical air-guns placed at the same depth and fired simultaneously. 相似文献
16.
To specify intelligently a nondynamite source in a marine seismic data-collection system, it is important to use all known parameters of the system—source, receiver, and recording-system characteristics. A technique has been developed to design the far-field pressure pulse of an air-gun array by taking these parameters into account. Important source variables to consider are interaction among guns in the array and the depth of the array. Near-field pressure signatures of individual guns, which are relatively unaffected by boundaries, have been used to‘construct’the far-field pressure pulse of the array by considering these variables. Comparison between constructed pulses and measured far-field pulses shows substantial agreement. Streamer depth and recording-system bandpass should also be considered when designing an air-gun array. Comparison of far-field pressure pulses for several bandpasses clearly shows the importance of considering this variable; e.g., the initial pulse is severely attenuated when a high-cut filter is used. Likewise, an additional filtering effect due to the streamer's proximity to the surface should be taken into account. Design of an air-gun array using the principles just outlined are illustrated by an example. 相似文献
17.
Experiments in an 850 litre water tank were performed in order to study temperature effects on airgun signatures, and to achieve a better understanding of the physical processes that influence an airgun signature. The source was a bolt airgun with a chamber volume of 1.6 cu.in. The pressure used was 100 bar and the gun depth was 0.5 m. The water temperature in the tank was varied between 5°C and 45°C. Near-field signatures were recorded at different water temperatures. Typical signature characteristics such as the primary-to-bubble ratio and the bubble time period increased with increasing water temperature. For comparison and in order to check whether this is valid for larger guns, computer modelling of airguns with chamber volumes of 1.6 and 40 cu.in. was performed. In the modelling the same behaviour of the signatures with increasing water temperature can be observed. The increase in the primary-to-bubble ratio and the bubble time period with increasing water temperature can be explained by an increased mass transfer across the bubble wall. 相似文献
18.
Air-gun is an important active seismic source. With the development of the theory about air- gun array, the technique for air-gun array design becomes mature and is widely used in petroleum exploration and geophysics. In order to adapt it to different research domains, different combination and fired models are needed. At the present time, there are two fired models of air-gun source, namely, reinforced initial pulse and reinforced first bubble pulse. The fired time, space between single guns, frequency and resolution of the two models are different. This comparison can supply the basis for its extensive application. 相似文献