共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
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通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的近场水听器记录,研究气枪子波时频特性及其受沉放深度和工作压力的影响,并结合气泡模型解释气泡振荡过程。数据分析表明:1气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成。主脉冲振幅大,持时短,频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。2随着沉放深度的增加,主脉冲振幅变化很小,而气泡脉冲振幅增加,初泡比减小,气泡周期减小,低频段主频增加。沉放深度为10m时,主脉冲振幅和初泡比最大,可应用于浅部探测;沉放深度为25m时,气泡脉冲振幅很大,初泡比最小,可应用于深部探测。3工作压力增加时,主脉冲振幅、气泡脉冲振幅、初泡比、气泡周期等随之增大,低频段主频则减小。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2017,(1)
通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的OBS竖向速度记录,研究大容量气枪阵列子波时频特性及其受气枪数量和枪阵尺寸的影响。数据分析结果表明:(1)气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成,同时伴随有水面虚反射引起的负脉冲。主脉冲振幅大、持时短、频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。在频谱上可以看到气泡振荡引起的频谱波动和虚反射引起的陷波点。(2)气枪数量增加,主脉冲振幅和气泡脉冲振幅相应增加,初泡比震荡变小,气泡周期和低频段主频主要受单枪容量影响,变化很小,频谱形状较为一致。(3)街面水库气枪阵列的枪阵尺寸远大于单枪气泡半径,各枪子波之间相互作用很小,枪阵子波近似为各枪子波线性叠加,子波参数随枪阵尺寸变化影响不大。 相似文献
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大容量气枪水库激发作为陆地震源的可行性与有效性已经得到成功验证.为进一步提高气枪震源激发效果,本文通过水库气枪激发试验对单枪容量为2000 in3的气枪震源激发子波特征及规律进行了研究.依据近场水听器和远场短周期地震仪记录数据,分析气枪震源沉放深度、工作压力等不同激发条件对压力脉冲和气泡脉冲的影响.有助于人们根据不同尺度地下结构探测对震源激发信号的要求,调整气枪激发参数和激发环境,获得最佳激发效果.试验结果表明：（1）沉放深度对压力脉冲波形影响较小,其优势频率不随沉放深度而改变;（2）随着沉放深度从5 m增加到11 m,气泡脉冲的优势频率由5 Hz增加至7 Hz,其最大振幅亦近线性递增;（3）工作压力越大,激发压力脉冲能量越强,而对气泡脉冲的影响主要体现在主频降低.适合远距离深穿透地下结构探测的低频信号主要来自大容量气枪所激发气泡的反复振荡,由于气枪振荡过程非常复杂,本文通过较为简洁的数学和物理模型进行了解释. 相似文献
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以2014年11月福建街面水库气枪震源激发试验观测数据为研究对象，利用基于互相关的时延估计法对不同沉放深度及不同水深的气枪激发展开研究，分析沉放深度及激发环境水深对气枪震源激发信号到时的影响。结果显示:激发位置不变，气枪沉放深度在8—30 m范围内变化时，震中距为13 km的测震台站记录到的气枪信号的首脉冲到时差异很小，而气泡脉冲到时则有明显差异，且随着沉放深度的增加，气泡脉冲信号到时提前，8 m沉放深度与30 m沉放深度气泡脉冲的到时差近80 ms，这种变化与布设在库底的海底地震仪记录到的信号变化相一致，分析认为这种变化与气枪沉放深度增加引起的气枪激发信号的周期减小有关；在不同水位开展的相同沉放深度的激发信号差异不大。因此，应用气枪震源监测地壳介质变化时需注意气枪震源沉放深度变化所带来的影响。 相似文献
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大容量气枪震源的实验与模拟研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
气枪震源是一种新兴、环保、绿色的人工震源,在区域尺度深部探测中有重要的应用前景.本文通过实验模拟研究了用于深部探测的大容量气枪震源,主要工作为:(1)根据陆上气枪实验分析了大容量气枪震源的特征;(2)采用自由气泡振荡理论模拟气枪信号,探讨深部探测中增强气泡效应从而增大气枪低频部分能量的方法;(3)研究气枪容量、工作压力和沉放深度等对单枪信号的影响及枪阵激发时刻和气枪间距对枪阵信号的影响,指导深部探测中气枪震源工作参数的选择;(4)研究不同类型水底对反射透射系数的影响,其结果对于选择合适的场地条件有指导意义. 相似文献
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考虑多种因素影响的海上地震勘探气枪震源单枪子波数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析Ziolkowski气泡振动模型局限性的基础上,建立了多种实际因素影响下的海上地震勘探单枪子波模型。此模型考虑了气泡壁的热传导作用、枪口节流作用、气泡上浮、液体粘度和枪体本身等对气枪子波的影响。相对于Ziolkowski模型,改进模型所模拟的气枪子波主峰值减小,气泡振动衰减加快,与实测子波吻合性较好。实验分析表明：（1）枪口节流作用控制着气枪脉冲峰值振幅的大小,（2）上浮过程中气泡周围静水压力值减小,气泡振动的周期随之改变,（3）热传导作用和流体粘度是引起气泡振动衰减的主要因素。 相似文献
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采用短时单频脉冲震源的浅地层剖面,记录的波形数据空间假频较严重。因其信号具有频率高、频带窄的特征,通常利用Hiibert变换提取瞬时振幅属性（信号包络）供解释使用。但瞬时振幅均为正值,在进行构造解释时不方便使用。本文提出在对浅层剖面资料提取瞬时振幅的基础上,计算瞬时振幅的微分并配合滤波的方法,实现高频窄带浅地层剖面资料的一种频移处理。该方法把高频窄带的多周期信号变为低频带宽的单周期信号,有效扩展了倍频程并消除假频。应用在南海浅地层剖面资料处理中,资料处理后更利于构造解释。 相似文献
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大容量低频组合气枪震源已成功应用于南海北部海陆联测实验及陆上水库实验,其信号传播最远距离可达255 km. 为了探讨气枪信号的波形特征, 从广东省地震台网数据中选择了台基相同、震级与震中距相近的珠海台的地震记录, 将气枪震源、天然地震和爆破三种震源的波形特征进行了对比分析,结果表明, 气枪信号特征明显, 信号主频4～8 Hz, 振幅±0.15 μm·s-1, 波形一般具有3～5个峰值, 并随时间有规律变化,易于准确识别. 实验探测结果说明, 这种能量强、重复性好、探测精度高、绿色环保的枪阵组合震源可广泛应用于海洋与陆地深部结构研究. 相似文献
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地学长江计划安徽段实验是大容量气枪震源在长江的首次激发。本文对布设在气枪固定激发点附近的流动台和周边固定台接收到的气枪信号进行线性叠加,以分析近场、远场信号的时频特性,并利用叠加结果检测气枪信号的传播特性,分析不同环境因素对信号传播距离的影响。结果表明:1近岸首台可以接收到清晰的压力脉冲、气泡脉冲的体波和面波信号;2气枪信号主频为5Hz左右,随着震中距的增加,压力脉冲信号衰减很快,信号主频频带变窄;3对信号传播距离进行初步检测发现,最近的传播距离为180km,最远共有3个激发点传播达到260km,夜晚激发时信号传播距离较远。 相似文献
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利用中、小容量气枪组成的立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源和海底地震仪(OBS)在我国北部浅海海域开展了人工地震深部地球物理探测试验.基于水深条件和压制水体虚反射、提升低频能量的需要,使气枪震源有足够的输出能量和高品质子波特性,研究了立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源工作机理,经远场子波理论模拟优选了组合参数并进行了海上试验工作.结果表明,中、小容量气枪组成的立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源,适应了浅水海域的激发环境,降低了由虚反射造成的局部陷波和干扰作用,有效地改善了OBS信号的品质,获得了Ps,Pg,PmP,Pn等多种震相.创新了由中、小容量气枪组成的立体气枪阵列延迟激发震源在浅海区OBS探测中的应用,也填补了南黄海海域深地震探测数据的空白,为南黄海、渤海深部地壳结构研究及含油气盆地形成演化研究提供了重要的基础资料. 相似文献
12.
In the design of linear airgun arrays the interaction between the airguns is usually neglected. We review the different formulae which have been proposed for the minimum separation between airguns at which the interaction is negligible. These formulae can all be approximated by a linear function of a single variable. We have analyzed a large number of measurements in order to establish the amount of interaction between two airguns of various volumes at different pressures and depths. The resulting far-field signature has been measured and compared with the sum of the signatures from the two airguns measured in the same experimental situation. The changes in primary pulse amplitude, bubble period and primary/bubble peak-to-peak amplitude ratio were computed from the measurement data as a function of airgun separation, chamber volume, chamber pressure and airgun depth. The influence of a waveshape kit was investigated, and the effects of interaction and the effects of using a waveshape kit were compared. 相似文献
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M. H. SAFAR 《Geophysical Prospecting》1983,31(2):343-350
Recently the author developed and demonstrated (Safar 1980) an efficient method for operating the airgun. The method involves the generation of a short seismic pulse from the pressure bubble pulses radiated by an airgun when fired several times at the same optimum depth but with different chamber pressures. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the test results obtained when implementing the same method using a two-dimensional airgun array. The array consists of seven 0.65 liter airguns fired simultaneously at the same depth but with different chamber pressures. It is shown that the far-field pressure pulse radiated by the seven 0.65 liter airgun array is similar to that radiated by the Flexichoc seismic source. It is concluded that the proposed airgun array can be used as a subarray to form an extremely powerful super-long array suitable for deep seismic exploration. The author would like to thank the Chairman and Board of Directors of the British Petroleum Co. Ltd for permission to publish this paper. Thanks are also due to Mike Symes and Lovell Cox for carrying out the field tests and Seismograph Service (England) Ltd for providing the airguns. 相似文献
14.
The far-field signatures from a comprehensive and systematic airgun pulse test have been analyzed. Empirical relations between the characteristic signature parameters and depth (5–12 m), pressure (100–137 bar = 10–13.7 MPa) and total chamber volume (0.65–9.5 l) have been derived. Also, the influence of using waveshape kits in different positions within the chamber has been tested. The results indicate that:
- 1 The amplitude is proportional to chamber pressure to the power 3/4.
- 2 The bubble period is nearly independent of the position of the waveshape plate.
- 3 The increase in primary/bubble amplitude ratio is inversely proportional to the chamber volume above the waveshape plate.
- 4 The amplitude is independent of airgun depth.
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In order to study the excitation of large-volume airgun source with different combinations in Hutubi, Xinjiang,China,we conducted a targeted experiment. The method of time-frequency analysis is used to study the signals recorded by a seismometer on the shore of the excited pool, and it is concluded that different gun combinations will lead to different frequency of bubble pulse signals. Besides, linear combination method is used to analyze the signal-to-noise ratios of signals excited by different gun combinations which was recorded by seismic stations around the airgun source. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratios, it is more effective to increase the activation energy (the number of excited guns at the same time) than to stack the excited signals with smaller energy repeatedly. 相似文献
17.
Influencing factors of seismic signals generated by un-tuned large volume airgun array in a land reservoir 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7 
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下载免费PDF全文 Meng Chen Wei Yang Weitao Wang Baoshan Wang Hongkui Ge Li Chen Yansheng Ding Jiyan Qiao Yong Chen 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(4):365-376
Un-tuned large volume airgun array in a water reservoir is recently proposed as a new way to generate seismic waves on land. It can be used to explore the earth velocity structure and its temporal variations as well. However, the characteristics of seismic signals (especially far-field signals) from an airgun array in a reservoir and its affecting factors (firing pressure, airgun towing depth, water level of the reservoir, etc.) has not been adequately studied. We analyzed the seismic data collected from field experiments at Binchuan Transmitting Seismic Station in 2011 and 2013 and found that (1) The similarity of seismic signals decrease with distance, which is most likely induced by the decay of signal amplitude and signal to noise ratio (SNR); (2) The amplitudes of far-field airgun signals are almost linearly proportional to the firing pressure; (3) The towing depth of airgun has less effects on the far-field signals; (4) The amplitudes of far-field airgun signals are proportional to the water level of the reservoir. 相似文献
18.
MARTIN LANDR
《Geophysical Prospecting》1992,40(7):721-747
In 1989 a new type of marine seismic source was introduced. This new air-gun, which consists of two air chambers instead of one, is called the GI gun. The main feature of this gun is that the bubble created by the gun is stabilized by an injection of extra air from the second chamber at a later time. This injection mechanism reduces the amplitude of the bubble oscillations, which also means that the acoustic signal from a GI gun shot is characterized by a very clean primary pulse followed by very small bubble oscillations. A method for calculating the acoustic signal generated by a GI gun is presented. Based on the solution of a damped Kirkwood–Bethe equation, the far-field pressure of single GI guns and of arrays of GI guns is calculated. It is shown that the optimal values for injection start time and injection period vary with injector volume and gun depth. It is also shown that the precision in the firing time for the injector should be of the order of 4 ms, while the precision of the injection period should be of the order of 8 ms. Modelled and measured far-field signatures have been compared, and the relative error energy is found to be less than 3.5% for all examples. 相似文献