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1.
从理论上对瞬变电磁系统的接收装置频率特性进行分析，得出了瞬变信号在早期发生畸变的根本原因，揭示出接收装置在发射电流关断期间和电流关断后对一次场和二次场的影响关系，给出基于导电球体模型下接收装置的谐振频率与最小取样时间的关系图，进而讨论了接收装置对浅层目标体探测的影响.当瞬变电磁测量系统在电流关断开始时刻记录全程瞬变响应和发射电流波形时，如果接收装置的位置和谐振频率已知，就可以通过数值计算方法从根本上剔除接收装置对早期瞬变信号的影响，即使接收装置存在过渡过程，也同样可以实现近地表浅层的探测，从而缩短瞬变电磁法的浅层勘探盲区，提高近地表的探测分辨率和精度. 相似文献
2.
在瞬变电磁法中，由于发射电流关断时间不为零、接收线圈的谐振频率有限，早期瞬变电磁信号发生畸变，只能舍弃，因此存在着探测盲区. 针对这一问题，研究了瞬变电磁方法中发射电流关断期间总磁场的形成过程，论证了一次场、二次场和总瞬变场的关系，分析了接收线圈的频率特性和关断时间对瞬变电磁场的影响，提出从总磁场中剔除一次磁场影响的方法，从而获得电流关断期间和电流关断后的早期瞬变电磁场. 采用吉林大学自主研制的瞬变电磁测量系统(ATTEM)在长春市伊通河活断层进行勘探，进一步验证了算法的有效性，缩短了瞬变电磁法的勘探盲区，实现了近地表4 m以下的勘探，可以清晰地分辨近地表的低阻异常，提高了浅层探测精度和分辨率. 相似文献
3.
《应用地球物理》2017,(1)
本文对地-井瞬变电磁法多分量响应进行计算分析。规则局部体瞬变场响应的计算方法与解释模型对于实际导电围岩模型的适用性较差,针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于地下瞬态电磁场数值模拟的计算分析方法。瞬变电磁场模拟方面,本文以时域有限差分法实现正演模拟,引入采用Gaver-Stehfest逆拉氏变换与Prony法的离散镜像法求解初始电磁场,应用透射边界条件保证迭代计算精度。通过均质半空间模型算例,证明该套方法可行。响应分析方面,设定含井旁目标体和导电围岩的地电模型,以上述方法对地下瞬态电场进行正演,以多分量观测装置为例换算感应电动势。通过对比各条件下瞬态电场与多分量响应,得出结论:地-井瞬变电磁多分量感应电动势响应反映了地下瞬态电场沿水平、垂直方向的梯度变化;响应特征取决于地层中瞬变场在不同条件下的"扩散、衰减、畸变"过程和观测位置的电磁场状态。本文的计算分析方法兼顾围岩背景场与局部体异常场,较之传统局部体瞬变场原理能够更全面的反映地质信息。 相似文献
4.
用解析分析、时域有限差分、时-频分析的方法,以地面中心回线装置和阶跃脉冲激励源为例,分析讨论了瞬变电磁测深法的勘探深度问题,以便为野外勘探工作设计提供依据,达到预期的探测目的.解析计算证实了瞬变场在地下以有限速度传播,数值模拟表示出了准静态条件下瞬变场的反射.研究结果表明,由于时间域电磁场遵循因果律,瞬变电磁法的探测深度主要由观测时间决定. 瞬变电磁场的初始传播速度与大地电阻率无关,继后在大地色散作用下,阶跃脉冲前沿逐渐变得平缓,各频率分量的传播速度与电阻率有关,在低阻地层中探测同样的深度需要较长的观测时间. 最大探测深度是在给定时间内电磁波往返地下某一深度的单程距离,最小探测深度受仪器性能的限制,但是埋藏较浅的异常体也有可能在晚时段被观测到.从时-频密度谱中可得到瞬变电磁场信号时间与频率的关系. 相似文献
5.
多辐射源地空瞬变电磁响应三维数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地空瞬变电磁法结合地面和航空电磁法的优点,可实现探测深度和工作效率的平衡.当前地空瞬变电磁法采用单一线源激发电磁辐射场,仅能从一个侧面与地质体耦合,难以获得地质体的全息影像.采用多辐射源是解决这一问题的途径.本文采用三维矢量有限元法对两个不同地质体多个辐射源情况下的地空瞬变电磁响应开展了模拟研究,分析了多辐射源在不同辐射方向、不同飞行高度电磁响应的分布特征.研究表明,由多辐射场源作为地空电磁法的发射源,通过分散布设的线源,可以在地下激发与地质体多方位耦合的电磁场,能够获得地下地质体多方位不同高度情况下的耦合信息.同时,多辐射场源能够增强源电磁场的辐射强度,减少单一线源体积效应影响,飞行高度较低时可获得较强的响应幅值,研究结果为多辐射地空瞬变电磁法深部精细探测提供理论依据. 相似文献
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7.
传统瞬变电磁法（TEM）认为临界阻尼匹配时传感器响应快、无振荡,为最佳匹配方式.本文通过建立基于标定环的TEM系统标定模型,理论证明当略欠阻尼匹配时传感器响应最快、时域畸变最小,为最佳匹配方式.本文采用基于实测数据的背景场剔除方法将一次场和大地响应剔除,通过对不同阻尼状态下标定环早期响应畸变的定量评价,实验证明传感器在略欠阻尼匹配状态下二次场响应畸变最小.本文理论和标定实验均证明,在纯二次场观测方式下,采用略欠阻尼匹配方式能够显著降低早期响应畸变、提高系统浅层探测能力,是浅层探测时传感器最佳匹配方式. 相似文献
8.
《地球物理学进展》2020,(2)
等值反磁通原理瞬变电磁法(OCTEM)的应用日益普遍.为了研究其探测能力,论文基于正演层状模型的瞬变二次磁场时间导数响应,以包含薄层的响应和不包含薄层的背景响应的相对误差作为评价指标,对比分析了不同埋深、不同厚度、不同电阻率薄层以及不同电阻率围岩等情况下的瞬变电磁响应相对异常.结果表明:OCTEM对低阻薄层较对高阻薄层更敏感,薄层与围岩电阻率差异越大,薄层厚度与埋深比越大,越容易被探测到.以响应相对异常值15%作为临界标准探讨了OCTEM方法的探测能力(薄层厚度与可探测埋深的百分比):对于低阻薄层,当与围岩电阻率比值为0.1时,OCTEM探测能力约为1.5%;对于高阻薄层,当与围岩电阻率比值为10时,OCTEM探测能力约为20%.相同情况下常规单磁源瞬变电磁法的探测能力分别为2%和25%,略低于OCTEM对薄层的分辨能力. 相似文献
9.
瞬变电磁法是重建地下电阻率等电性结构的重要方法.传统磁性源和电性源瞬变电磁法主要观测横电极化场，横电极化场仅对良导目标敏感，对高阻目标的分辨能力有限.横磁极化场对高阻目标具有较强的分辨能力，但未得到有效利用.双线源瞬变电磁法可以增强观测电场中横磁极化场的占比，但对该方法的响应特征和分辨能力缺乏系统性的研究.为此，本文以双线源为例开展瞬变电磁横磁场响应特征与分辨能力分析.双线源瞬变电磁水平电场的响应强度要小于传统接地导线源，在发射源的中垂线上，层状大地模型的响应为零，观测的水平电场响应只能由地下的三维目标体产生.分别提取双线源和传统接地导线源激发电磁场中的横磁场和横电场，双线源瞬变电磁场中的横磁场占比要大于传统接地导线源，特别是在中晚期，横磁场远大于横电场，横磁场占比得到明显增强.通过均方根差和三维数值模拟的计算，双线源瞬变电磁水平电场显示出相较于传统接地导线源更强的高阻目标分辨能力，特别是在赤道向，水平电场对高阻目标分辨能力的增强效果更加明显. 相似文献
10.
瞬变电磁法在浅海工程勘探等领域受到了越来越多的关注.目前浅海瞬变电磁仍处于应用初期,相关研究少且未有成熟装备问世,有必要研究其探测能力并为观测系统选取最佳观测参数.本文以几种典型发射波形为例,采用褶积算法细致分析了不同发射波形条件下浅海瞬变电磁on-/off-time响应受海底介质电导率、磁导率及发射波形脉宽等参数的影响特征与规律;通过三维正演并设定极限探测深度阈值,进一步分析不同发射波形on-/offtime期间浅海瞬变电磁探测能力及对典型三维目标体的极限探测深度.基于本文研究成果,可为浅海瞬变电磁探测装置设计、观测系统的参数选取及试验参数的选取等提供了一些有价值的理论借鉴. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法虽然广泛应用于资源勘探和工程勘察中,但仍存在一些亟待解决问题.迫切需要引进一些新的技术与方法,以进一步提高解释精度.由于瞬变电磁资料可以通过数学公式转换成虚拟波;多孔径瞬变电磁物理模拟证明TEM多孔径具有相干性;相邻位置上同一地质体的反射回波具有较好的相关性.所以,对于瞬变电磁资料可以进行多孔径合成成像.本文借助于合成孔径雷达的基本思想,提出一套新的数据处理方法,即采用相关叠加技术,实现多孔径数据合成.在完成瞬变电磁虚拟波提取后,将传统的以剖面为主的处理方式发展成为以测点为中心的多孔径合成,将传统的以单点处理方式发展成为逐点推移多次覆盖的处理方法.采用相关叠加的方法来进行合成孔径,由此大大提高瞬变电磁法的分辨率.从波场的角度拓展和丰富了瞬变电磁场的内涵,使得从实测资料中提取到常规瞬变电磁法提取不到的信息,对地下目标体成像更为有利.通过对所设计模型和实测资料处理,结果表明合成孔径成像效果较好.研究成果为发展瞬变电磁成像技术,提高分辨率提供了一条新途径. 相似文献
12.
对于接地源时间域瞬变电磁法,当选取适当的激励波形后,可将辐射场与自有场分离开来, 实现频率域电磁法无法实现的近源深部勘探;水平分层大地的解析分析表明,随着偏移距的缩短,接地导线源的场对地层的反映变得更为灵敏;时间域瞬变电磁法的探测深度主要由观测时长决定.基于接地源近场测深的优越性,作者提出短偏移瞬变电磁探测技术并首次命名为SOTEM, 采用了1000 m的偏移距对埋深为1400 m的某盐矿溶腔进行探测, 在全期视电阻率-深度剖面上圈定的溶腔分布被钻孔所揭露, 验证了SOTEM方法的探测能力.该方法为大深度、高分辨探测地下矿产资源提供了新的技术手段. 相似文献
13.
Very early times in the order of 2–3 μs from the end of the turn‐off ramp for time‐domain electromagnetic systems are crucial for obtaining a detailed resolution of the near‐surface geology in the depth interval 0–20 m. For transient electromagnetic systems working in the off time, an electric current is abruptly turned off in a large transmitter loop causing a secondary electromagnetic field to be generated by the eddy currents induced in the ground. Often, however, there is still a residual primary field generated by remaining slowly decaying currents in the transmitter loop. The decay disturbs or biases the earth response data at the very early times. These biased data must be culled, or some specific processing must be applied in order to compensate or remove the residual primary field. As the bias response can be attributed to decaying currents with its time constantly controlled by the geometry of the transmitter loop, we denote it the ‘Coil Response’. The modelling of a helicopter‐borne time‐domain system by an equivalent electronic circuit shows that the time decay of the coil response remains identical whatever the position of the receiver loop, which is confirmed by field measurements. The modelling also shows that the coil response has a theoretical zero location and positioning the receiver coil at the zero location eliminates the coil response completely. However, spatial variations of the coil response around the zero location are not insignificant and even a few cm deformation of the carrier frame will introduce a small coil response. Here we present an approach for subtracting the coil response from the data by measuring it at high altitudes and then including an extra shift factor into the inversion scheme. The scheme is successfully applied to data from the SkyTEM system and enables the use of very early time gates, as early as 2–3 μs from the end of the ramp, or 5–6 μs from the beginning of the ramp. Applied to a large‐scale airborne electromagnetic survey, the coil response compensation provides airborne electromagnetic methods with a hitherto unseen good resolution of shallow geological layers in the depth interval 0–20 m. This is proved by comparing results from the airborne electromagnetic survey to more than 100 km of Electrical Resistivity Tomography measured with 5 m electrode spacing. 相似文献
14.
为解决隧道掌子面前含水带病害快速有效探测问题,尝试把对含水带结构反映敏感的瞬变电磁法引入到隧道掌子面前进行工作.文中介绍了瞬变电磁超前预报的工作装置形式;通过对掌子面特定环境的分析,提出引用“浮动薄板”理论,以二次电导微分参数为特征量建立隧道超前预报成像系统.推导出以等效导电薄板为虚拟像源的磁场响应与电导之间的非线性关系式. 通过引入辅助函数,采用遗传算法求得电导参数.最终以二次电导微分参数绘制成像剖面.对地电模型进行数值模拟和对应用实例进行了成像,结果表明成像方法对隧道掌子面前方水体病害预报效果明显. 相似文献
15.
通过时间-频率转换关系,TEM数据可以转换成平面波场测深数据,从而可以对TEM资料进行拟平面波场处理解释.在对瞬变电磁视电阻率数据向平面波场测深视电阻率数据转换时,发现由于瞬变电磁使用晚期计算公式及装置问题,使测深曲线早期数据发生畸变.文中建立了视电阻率曲线进入晚期所满足的关系式,从理论上给出不同情况下瞬变电磁测深视电阻率曲线进入晚期的临界点.以瞬变电磁、大地电磁、CSAMT为例,对大量的模型进行正演计算,对计算结果进行对比分析,建立不同地表电性结构、不同时间延迟情况下,瞬变电磁早期数据误差的校正量板. 相似文献
16.
BIN QIAN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1987,35(2):197-204
Many ground TEM systems use an on-off type of primary field waveform and measure the secondary field only in the transmitter off-time, so as to realize the pure secondary field measurement. The width of the trailing edge of the primary pulses and the duration of the transmitter on-time form a time-constant (Tc) window. Most effective excitation is achieved if the target conductor has a Tc falling into this window. To be able to measure in the transmitter on-time, two primary field waveforms are proposed. The first is a series of unipolar pulses with identical steep ramps at both leading and trailing edges. Measurements made in the on-time after the leading edges simply reduce the stacking time needed and power consumption by half. Also, long- Tc conductors are better excited. The second is a series of bipolar pulses with long ramps as the leading edges and short ramps as the trailing edges. This waveform presents two different Tc-windows at the same time and helps to improve the detection of long-Tc conductors in the presence of short- Tc ones. 相似文献
17.
J. Torquil Smith H. Frank Morrison Lawrence R. Doolittle Hung-Wen Tseng 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,61(3-4):227-234
Equivalent dipole polarizabilities are a succinct way to summarize the inductive response of an isolated conductive body at distances greater than the scale of the body. Their estimation requires measurement of secondary magnetic fields due to currents induced in the body by time varying magnetic fields in at least three linearly independent (e.g., orthogonal) directions. Secondary fields due to an object are typically orders of magnitude smaller than the primary inducing fields near the primary field sources (transmitters). Receiver coils may be oriented orthogonal to primary fields from one or two transmitters, nulling their response to those fields, but simultaneously nulling to fields of additional transmitters is problematic. If transmitter coils are constructed symmetrically with respect to inversion in a point, their magnetic fields are symmetric with respect to that point. If receiver coils are operated in pairs symmetric with respect to inversion in the same point, then their differenced output is insensitive to the primary fields of any symmetrically constructed transmitters, allowing nulling to three (or more) transmitters. With a sufficient number of receivers pairs, object equivalent dipole polarizabilities can be estimated in situ from measurements at a single instrument sitting, eliminating effects of inaccurate instrument location on polarizability estimates. The method is illustrated with data from a multi-transmitter multi-receiver system with primary field nulling through differenced receiver pairs, interpreted in terms of principal equivalent dipole polarizabilities as a function of time. 相似文献
18.
Richard Smith 《Geophysical Prospecting》2001,49(4):405-416
In the process of removing the primary field from fixed‐wing time‐domain airborne EM data, the response is decomposed into two parts, which are referred to here as the time‐domain ‘in‐phase’ and ‘quadrature’ components. The time‐domain in‐phase component is dominated by the primary field, which varies significantly as the transmitter–receiver separation changes. The time‐domain quadrature component comes solely from the secondary response associated with currents induced in the ground and this is the component that has traditionally been used in the interpretation of data from fixed‐wing towed‐bird time‐domain EM systems. In the off‐time, the quadrature response is very similar to the total secondary response. However, there are large differences in the on‐time and even some small differences in the off‐time.One consequence of these differences is that when airborne EM data are to be interpreted using a synthetic mathematical model, the synthetic data calculated should also be the quadrature component. A second consequence relates to the time‐domain in‐phase component which is sometimes used to estimate the receiver‐sensor (bird) position. The bird‐position estimation process assumes there is no secondary field in the in‐phase component. If the ground is resistive, the secondary contained in the in‐phase component is small, so the bird‐position estimate is accurate to about 30 cm, but in highly conductive areas the secondary contribution can be large and the position estimate can be out by as much as 5 m. A third consequence arises for highly conductive bodies, the response of which is predominantly in‐phase. This means that any response from these types of body is lost in the component that has been removed in the primary‐field extraction procedure. However, if the bird position is measured very accurately, the actual free‐space primary field can be estimated. If this is then subtracted from the estimated primary (actually free‐space primary plus secondary in‐phase response), then the residual is the secondary in‐phase response of the ground. Using this methodology, very conductive ore bodies could be detected. However, a sensitivity analysis shows that detection of a large vertically dipping very conductive body at 150 m depth would require that the bird position be measured to an accuracy of about 1.4 cm and the aircraft attitude to within about 0.01°. Such tolerances are very stringent and not easily attainable with current technology. 相似文献
19.
地形对长偏移距瞬变电磁测深的影响研究(英文) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
用基于张量格林函数的体积分方程法对三维异常体进行瞬变电磁响应的正演模拟,首先在频率域内计算电磁场分量的频率域响应,然后利用快速数字滤波技术将计算结果转换到时间域。设计和计算了水平电偶极子源激发下层状水平地层模型背景下的常见地形如山谷、山峰地形的模型,并考察分别把源和接收器放于这些地形中的瞬变电磁场响应,详细分析了这些地形对长偏移距瞬变电磁测深(LOTEM)的影响。结果表明,山谷和山峰地形对LOTEM的结果均有不同程度的影响。当电偶极子源放在山谷谷底时,地形对观测异常场的畸变非常严重;当接收器放在山谷中时,接收器处地形的影响强烈但该影响在空间和时间上只是局部的。总体来讲,不论山峰地形位于何处,其对LOTEM的影响相对较小。当地形处于发射源与接收器之间时,地形对LOTEM的影响非常小,表明在进行LOTEM勘探时,选择发射源的放置比接收器的位置更加重要,野外勘探是尽量把发射源选择在开阔的平坦位置。 相似文献
20.
为了研究探测3D导电岩脉状目标体的可控源音频电磁法（CSAMT）的最佳观测装置,我们用压缩积分方程法数值模拟了赋存于导电薄层下的3D导电岩脉的电磁场响应.计算结果表明,最有效的源的位置是把发射源沿岩脉的走向放置.相对于其他几种装置,这种观测装置得到的异常场与主场的比值最大.利用这种最佳的观测装置,通过将异常场Eya 和 Hxa与噪音作对比,研究了当岩脉的埋深和高度发生变化时岩脉的可探测性问题.当岩脉的顶部埋深增加时,导电岩脉的可探测性降低.岩脉高度的变化对异常场幅值的影响要小于岩脉顶部埋深所产生的影响.所以通常情况下,即便应用了最有效的CSAMT装置,也很难探测到岩脉的高度,应用钻孔中的探测可能会解决这个问题. 相似文献