共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 27 毫秒
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通过室内动三轴试验,研究了西北地区遗址土体的动本构关系,得到了模型参数,分析了遗址土体的动剪模量比和阻尼比的特性,并通过归一化处理得出模型参数,结果表明:遗址土体符合Hardin-Dinevich双曲线模型,其相关系数均大于0.991 7,模型参数a、b与土样密度不存在相关性;在相同荷载下,密度越大,动应变和动残余应变越小,其中陕西定边陡沟子明长城墙体土承受动荷载能力下降较快,而草滩段秦长城墙体、瞭望台台基处初始弹性模量和初始剪切模量较小,三处土体硬度较小,易于遭受病害侵蚀破坏,需进行重点加固维护;遗址墙体所建窑洞处土体强度和硬度明显大于长城墙体,动弹性模量和动剪切模量约为其墙体2倍。草滩段瞭望台土体强度和硬度明显大于同地区长城墙体;遗址土体的动剪切模量G/G0随着动剪应变γd的增加而减小,且密度越大,衰减速度越快,阻尼比D随着动剪应变γd的增长,呈现先缓慢增加-急剧增加-缓慢增加的过程,且密度越大,阻尼比越大。按建造年代、建造形制和用途划分、所处地区对典型遗址进行动力特性的对比分析,为今后土遗址加固保护提供理论基础和参考依据。 相似文献
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防震减灾科普作品的创作与传播是防震减灾宣传工作的基础与核心。随着防震减灾科普作品的增多,一些共性问题凸显出来,地震科普工作者一直在思考和探索解决的措施。以云南省地震局举办的防震减灾科普知识小小讲解员线上比赛为实践案例,分析人民群众在防震减灾科普作品创作中的作用,获得启示：防震减灾科普作品创作要“从群众中来,到群众中去”,动员和依靠人民群众的力量去创作,在人民群众的实践中创作,为了满足人民群众的地震安全需求、筑牢防震减灾的人民防线而创作。 相似文献
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塔里木南缘位于塔里木块体同青藏高原碰撞的前缘,是认识青藏高原同周围块体相互作用的重要位置.横波分裂方法可以获得岩石圈及软流圈地幔的介质各向异性特征,进而探讨岩石圈变形和地幔流动.本文利用横波分裂方法对中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所、北京大学和南方科技大学联合布设在塔里木盆地南部的8个宽频带流动地震台站记录的SKS和SKKS震相进行分析,获得了塔里木盆地南部上地幔各向异性参数.分析结果显示,研究区快波偏振方向总体比较一致呈近东西向,但存在盆地边缘到盆地内部变化,而慢波延迟时间分布在0.3~1.5 s,差异较大.综合前人对青藏高原北缘和阿尔金断裂周边的横波分裂研究结果,研究区内大部分地区地幔流动方向和绝对板块运动方向保持一致,推测青藏高原北缘同塔里木盆地接触带,青藏高原北缘软流圈南东东向流动对塔里木块体下方地幔流动造成扰动,随着深入到塔里木块体内部,干扰越来越弱;同时青藏高原北部软流圈物质可能对塔里木盆地岩石圈产生影响,随着地幔软流圈物质持续向北运动逐渐冷却,对盆地内部岩石圈的影响程度减弱. 相似文献
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XiaoQiang Li 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2013,56(12):2027-2036
Global climate change and its possible ecological consequences have become the focused issue (IPCC, 2007; Mann et al., 2008; Ding et al., 2009). The Holocene contains the analogous characteristic of future climatic change and the continuous agriculture activity, providing the ideal “similar pattern” for studying the climate change and human adaption and impact in the future. Based on the recent studies of stalagmite, ice core, ocean, and lake etc., the paper introduces the new progress in the Holocene climate and agriculture research in China as follows: (1) Discuss the variability, amplitude, and unstable characteristic of climate, as well as the abrupt events and mechanisms of climate. (2) Analyze the botanical index records for studying the early agriculture. (3) Review the agricultural origin, expanding, and development. (4) Reveal the style and intensity of early agriculture and understand the agricultural impact and adaption to the environmental changes. (5) Introduce ongoing research projects in China and emphasize the significance of increasing the dating precision and the indicative effectiveness of proxies. (6) Realize how the ecosystem and environmental factors respond to the increasing temperature process, understand how the human adapt to the rapid climate change, and provide the scientific basis for assessing the effects of climate change and the human adaption in the future. 相似文献
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ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ ｐｒｏｎｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄａｎｄｉｓａｌｓｏａｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｓｕｆｆｅｒｉｎｇｍｏｓｔｓｅｖｅｒｅｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｃａｌａｍｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .Ｃｈｉｎａ’ｓｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｓａｂｏｕｔ 1 1 4ｏｆｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｃｏｎｔｉ ｎｅｎｔａｌａｒｅａ ,ｗｈｉｌｅａｂｏｕｔ 1 3ｏｆｇｌｏｂａｌＭ≥ 7.0ｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｉｎＣｈ… 相似文献
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Silicate melts are very active in the interior of the Earth and other terrestrial planets, and are important carriers for the transport of material and energy. The determination of the equation of state(EOS) for silicate melts and the acquisition of a precise quantitative relationship between molar volume(or density) and temperature, pressure, and composition is essential for simulating the generation, migration, and eruption processes of magmas and the evolution of the magma ocean stage during the early formation of the Earth and other terrestrial planets, for calculating and modeling the phase equilibria involving silicate melts, and for revealing the variation of the microstructure of silicate melts with pressure. However, it is experimentally challenging to determine the volumetric properties of silicate melts and the accumulated density data at high pressure are still very limited due to a series of problems such as: the high liquidus temperature of silicate rocks; proneness for silicate melts to react with sample capsules to change the melt composition; and proneness for melts to flow and leak during the high pressure and high temperature experiments. In recent years, there is rapid progress in the high pressure and high temperature experimental techniques, in terms of not only the extension of temperature and pressure ranges but also the improvement on the accuracy of measurements, and the emergence of new methods for in-situ measurements. Here, we review the widely-used theoretical models of ambient-pressure and high-pressure EOS for silicate melts, and illustrate some problems that need to be solved urgently:(1) the room pressure EOS for iron-and titanium-bearing silicate melts needs to be improved;(2) the partial molar properties of the H2 O and CO2 components in silicate melts containing volatile components may vary markedly with the melt composition, which need to be addressed in high-pressure EOS;(3) how the formulation and applicable range of EOS correspond to changes in melt structure and compression mechanism requires further study. We highlight the basic principle and applicable range of various methods for determining the EOS for silicate melts, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of doublebob Archimedes method, fusion curve analysis, shock compression experiments, sink-float method, X-ray absorption, X-ray diffraction and ultrasonic interferometry. Future trends in this field are to develop experimental techniques for in situ measurements on melt density or sound velocity at high temperature and high pressure and to accumulate more experimental data,and on the other hand, to improve the theoretical models of the EOS for silicate melts by a combination of research on the microstructure and compression mechanisms of silicate melts. 相似文献
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ChangSong Lin HaiJun Yang JingYan Liu Li Peng ZhenZhong Cai XiaoFa Yang YongHeng Yang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(6):823-834
Inclined eastward and consisting of the Hetianhe, Hetianhedong, Tazhong paleouplifts and Bachu paleoslope, the central paleouplift
belt in the Tarim Basin was a large composite paleouplift and paleoslope belt with complicated palaeogeomorphic features during
the Middle to early Late Ordovician. A number of paleostructural geomorphic elements have been identified in the paleouplift
belt and surrounding areas, such as the high uplift belts, the faulted uplift platforms, the marginal slopes and slope break
zones flanking the paleouplift belt, the surrounding shelf slopes or low relief ramps, the shelf slope break zones and deep
basin plains. They exerted great influence on the development of paleogeography of the basin. The marginal slopes and slope
break zones flanking the uplift belt constrained the formation and deposition of the high-energy facies including reefal and
shoal deposits during the Late Ordovician, which comprise the major reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic in the basin. Toward
the end of the Ordovician, the Tazhong paleouplift hinged westward and became a westward-dipped nose as the southeastern margin
of the basin was strongly compressed and uplifted. The tectono-paleogeomorphic framework of the central northern basin during
the Early Silurian and the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous changed remarkably in topography from the initial low in east
and high in west to high in northeast and low in southwest. The major paleogeomorphic elements developed in these periods
included the strong eroded uplift high, the uplift marginal slope, the gentle ramp of the depression margin and the depression
belt. The sandstones of the lowstand and the early transgressive systems tracts were deposited along the uplift marginal slopes
and the gentle ramps of the depressions comprise the prolific reservoirs in the basin. The study indicates that the distribution
patterns of the unconformities within the basin are closely related to the paleogeomorphic features and evolution of the paleouplift
belt. From the high uplift belt to the depression, we found the composed unconformity belts at the high uplift, the truncated
and onlap triangular unconformity belts along the uplift marginal slopes, the minor angular unconformity or discontinuity
belts along the transitional zones from the uplift marginal slopes to depression and the conformity belt in the central depression.
The truncated and the onlap triangular unconformity belts are the favorable zones for the formation of stratigraphic trap
reservoirs.
Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB202302), National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 40372056) and Frontier Research Project of Marine Facies 相似文献
10.
Graziela Miot da Silva Patrick Hesp Janice Peixoto Sérgio R. Dillenburg 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(10):1557-1573
This paper examines patterns of foredune vegetation along an embayment in southern Brazil and the relationships between variations in percent cover and diversity, and environmental factors such as beach/surfzone type and exposure to wind and wave energy. The study was conducted on Moçambique Beach, Brazil, which displays significant alongshore variations in exposure to the prevailing winds and waves, beach/surfzone morphodynamic type, type and dimensions of the dune systems and foredune vegetation cover and diversity. Two vegetation surveys were carried out in contiguous 1 m2 quadrats across the foredune. The presence/absence, percent cover of the species, diversity and similarity between the vegetation of the profiles surveyed and their relation with environmental conditions are examined. The results show that the vegetation cover decreases from south to north, possibly reflecting the increasing exposure to wind and wave energy. Distinct patterns of species distributions occur along Moçambique beach, such that different plant species are dominant on the southern, middle and northern ends of the beach. A cluster analysis demonstrated two associations: the first one is represented by the profiles located in the lower energy zone of the beach, and the second association is represented by the profiles more exposed to wind and wave energy, sediment deposition and salt spray. The diversity of species decreases northwards, possibly influenced by the surfzone type, number of breaking waves and degree of aeolian transport. The presence/absence of the species and the vegetation cover on the foredune reflect the varying levels of exposure of the beach and foredune to the winds and waves and also reflect the volume of sediment deposition on the foredune and the beach mobility determined by the morphodynamic beach/surfzone type. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(9)
The North China Craton(NCC) experienced strong destruction(i.e., decratonization) during the Mesozoic, which triggered intensive magmatism, tectonism and thermal events and formed large-scale gold and other metal deposits in the eastern part of the craton. However, how the decratonization controls the formation and distribution of large-scale of gold and other metal deposits is not very clear. Based on a large number of published data and new results, this paper systematically summarizes all the data for the rock assemblages, chronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of Mesozoic magmatic rocks, as well as for the mineralizing ages of gold and other metal deposits and the evolution of the Mesozoic basins in the eastern NCC. The results are used to restore the extensional rates of Mesozoic to Cenozoic basins and the strike-slip distance of the Tanlu Fault, to ascertain the location of the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction zones during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic, and to reconstruct the temporal and spatial distribution of Mesozoic gold and other metal deposits and magmatic rocks in the eastern NCC. It is obtained that the magmatism and mineralization in the eastern NCC westward migrate from east to west during the Early to Middle Jurassic, but they eastward migrate from west to east during the Early Cretaceous. The metallogenesis of these deposits is genetically related to magmatism, and the magmas provided some ore-forming materials and fluids for the generation of metal deposits. The geodynamic mechanism of decratonization and related magmatism and mineralization is proposed, i.e., the westward low-angle subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab beneath the NCC formed continental magmatic arc with plenty of porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the Jurassic, similar to the Andean continental arc in South America. The mantle wedge was metasomatized by the fluids/melts derived from the subducting slab, laying a material foundation for hydrothermal mineralization in the Early Cretaceous. While the rollback of the subducting slab with gradually increasing subduction angle and the retreat of the subduction zones during the Early Cretaceous induced strong destruction of the craton and the formation of extensive magmatic rocks and large-scale gold and other metal deposits. 相似文献
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广东省的地震工作如何适应经济发展和对外开放的新形势?本文认为:经济愈发展愈开放,就愈要加强防灾意识强化防灾措施;调整工作重心,从抓单一的地震监测预报调整到以监测预报为基础的地震综合预防;调整管理体制,强化政府管理职能,实行政、事分开;改善地震事业经费来源,国家提供“干活”经费,地方政府负责解决“吃饭”经费;诱发内部改革,扩大对外开发、增加事业发展活力和后劲;扩大与南中国海周边国家及港、澳、台地区的地震科技交流和合作、努力拓展工程地震市场、促进地震事业发展。 相似文献
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Mine Betül Demircioğlu Karin Şeşetyan Tamer Y. Duman Tolga Çan Senem Tekin Semih Ergintav 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3399-3438
Over the years, several local and regional seismic hazard studies have been conducted for the estimation of the seismic hazard in Turkey using different statistical processing tools for instrumental and historical earthquake data and modeling the geologic and tectonic characteristics of the region. Recently developed techniques, increased knowledge and improved databases brought the necessity to review the national active fault database and the compiled earthquake catalogue for the development of a national earthquake hazard map. A national earthquake strategy and action plan were conceived and accordingly with the collaboration of the several institutions and expert researchers, the Revision of Turkish Seismic Hazard Map Project (UDAP-Ç-13-06) was initiated, and finalized at the end of 2014. The scope of the project was confined to the revision of current national seismic hazard map, using the state of the art technologies and knowledge of the active fault, earthquake database, and ground motion prediction equations. The following two seismic source zonation models are developed for the probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis: (1) Area source model, (2) Fault and spatial smoothing seismic source model (FSBCK). In this study, we focus on the development and the characterization of the Fault Source model, the background spatially smoothed seismicity model and intrinsic uncertainty on the earthquake occurrence-rates-estimation. Finally, PSHA results obtained from the fault and spatial smoothed seismic source model are presented for 43, 72, 475 and 2475 years return periods (corresponding to 69, 50, 10, and 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years) for PGA and 5% damped spectral accelerations at 0.2 and 1.0 s. 相似文献
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对流层延迟是卫星导航定位的主要误差源,气象观测的数值预报资料可用来计算对流层延迟改正量.本文通过分布于亚洲地区的49个GPS台站一年的实测ZTD资料,对利用欧洲中尺度天气预报中心(ECMWF)分析资料、美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)再分析资料和NCEP预报资料,计算对流层天顶延迟(ZTD)改正的有效性和可能达到的精度进行了评估,分析了ECMWF和NCEP在亚洲地区的适用程度和其分辨率对计算ZTD精度的影响.研究结果表明:(1)相对于 GPS实测ZTD,用ECMWF资料计算ZTD的bias和rms分别为-1.0 cm 和2.7 cm,优于NCEP再分析资料,可用于高精度ZTD研究和应用;NCEP预报数据计算ZTD的bias和rms分别为2.4 cm 和 6.8 cm,足以满足广大GNSS实时导航定位用户对流层延迟改正的需要.(2)bias和rms呈现明显的季节性变化,总体上夏季大,冬季小;在空间分布上随着纬度的变化不明显,但随高度的增加rms总体上有递减趋势.另外还发现,亚洲东部地区夏季日平均bias和rms和南部热带地区冬季的日平均bias和rms变化相对较大.(3)ECMWF2.5°和0.5°的资料进行了对比分析,发现0.5°分辨率资料的rms比2.5°减小1~5 mm.这些结果,为在亚洲地区的空间大地测量、导航定位和INSAR等工作中,应用ECMWF/NCEP的资料进行对流层大气延迟改正的有效性和可能达到的精度提供了重要参考. 相似文献
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目的:探讨CT平扫及增强扫描在甲状腺乳头状癌诊断及术前评估中的应用价值。方法:收集46例甲状腺乳头状癌患者资料,分析其平扫和增强扫描的CT征象进行术前评估,并对淋巴结转移与原发灶位置、大小及与甲状腺包膜关系进行统计。结果:CT平扫能清楚显示原发灶情况,结合增强扫描及冠状位或矢状位重建,可进一步明确肿瘤与周围组织结构的关系和转移情况;本组病例60.3%病灶为不规则形,46.7%患者可见微钙化,87.0%患者呈明显强化,87.0%患者增强后病灶范围较平扫缩小;中央区和颈侧区淋巴结转移与原发灶位置有统计意义(P=0.023),淋巴结转移组和非转移组在原发灶大小及与甲状腺包膜关系具有差异显著性(P<0.05)。结论:通过对CT平扫和增强的特征性征象分析,如病灶形态、微钙化、强化方式以及增强前后病灶范围变化等,可明显提高PTC的诊断率;同时对原发灶、周边侵犯及淋巴结转移情况进行综合评估,可以确定合理的手术切除范围和淋巴结清扫范围。此外统计发现淋巴结转移与原发灶位置、大小及与甲状腺包膜关系有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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Influenced by the seasonally reversed monsoons, water exchange through straits, and topography, the shelf and slope circulation in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) is complex and changeable. The typical current system in the NSCS consists of the slope current, South China Sea warm current (SCSWC), coastal current, and associated upwelling (in summer) and downwelling (in winter). This paper reviews recent advances in the study of NSCS shelf and slope circulation since the 1990s, and summarizes the roles of Kuroshio intrusion, the monsoons, topography, and the buoyancy effect of the Pearl River plume in the shelf and slope current system of the NSCS. We also point out some potential scientific issues that require further study, such as the dynamic connection between the internal basin and shelf areas of the NSCS, the persistence of the SCSWC in winter, the temporo-spatial characteristics of downwelling during winter in the NSCS, and its material and energy transport. 相似文献
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辽河流域太子河大型底栖动物群落与水环境因子关联性的量化分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
大型底栖动物群落结构与水环境因子具有较强的响应关系,为了量化分析大型底栖动物群落水环境因子适宜状态以及响应关系,在太子河进行3次流域水生态调查,共获得136个站位的生态数据,通过筛选得到水环境驱动因子,并利用加权平均回归分析和临界点指示类群分析的方法,探究大型底栖动物群落物种、不同多样性水平以及功能摄食类群水环境驱动因子的最适值和阈值.结果显示,显著影响大型底栖动物群落结构的水环境因子是溶解氧、电导率、总氮.大型底栖动物敏感种的溶解氧最适值较高,耐污种较低;敏感种的电导率和总氮最适值较低,耐污种较高;大型底栖动物群落多样性水平Shannon-Wiener指数(0-1]区间的溶解氧最适值最低,(3-4]区间的溶解氧最适值最高,各Shannon-Wiener指数区间电导率和总氮最适值排序为:(0-1]区间(1-2]区间(2-3]区间(3-4]区间;在5个功能摄食类群中溶解氧最适值最高和最低分别为撕食者和直接收集者,电导率最适值最高和最低分别为直接收集者和过滤收集者,总氮最适值最高和最低分别为直接收集者和刮食者.大型底栖动物敏感种的溶解氧阈值高于耐污种类群与其他物种,而敏感种的电导率和总氮阈值低于耐污种和其他物种;大型底栖动物群落多样性水平Shannon-Wiener指数(0-1]区间与溶解氧阈值呈负响应关系,而与电导率和总氮阈值呈正响应关系,(1-2]区间、(2-3]区间、(3-4]区间与溶解氧阈值呈正响应关系,而与电导率和总氮阈值呈负响应关系;溶解氧指示的大型底栖动物功能摄食类群为撕食者,且呈正响应关系,而电导率和总氮指示的功能摄食类群都包括过滤收集者、刮食者、撕食者,且呈负响应关系,其中刮食者的电导率和总氮阈值均最高.研究表明,通过分析大型底栖动物群落水环境因子的最适值和阈值,能以数据的形式量化反映大型底栖动物群落与河流水环境因子的响应关系,对河流生态环境的保护和修复具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
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为了剖析大地电磁信号和强干扰的本质特征,进一步精细分离出微弱的大地电磁有用信号,提出基于递归分析和聚类的大地电磁信噪辨识及分离方法.首先,运用递归分析法扩展大地电磁一维时间序列的维数,分析了嵌入维数、延迟时间和判别阈值对递归图的性能,并研究了不同长度的序列对递归定量分析参数的影响情况,然后,构建典型的大地电磁强干扰类型和微弱的大地电磁有用信号样本库,针对样本库讨论了强干扰和微弱大地电磁信号之间的递归定量分析参数,分析了K均值聚类和模糊C均值聚类的信噪辨识效果.最后,对实测大地电磁数据进行信噪辨识处理,并仅对辨识为强干扰的时间段采用数学形态滤波进行噪声压制.实验结果表明,递归分析能定性及定量地描述大地电磁信号时间序列的非线性特征和原动力系统的本质规律,与聚类算法相结合能对矿集区实测大地电磁信号进行信噪辨识;处理后的卡尼亚电阻率-相位曲线更为光滑、连续,其结果更为精细地保留了大地电磁信号低频段的缓变化信息,整个低频段的大地电磁数据质量得到了明显改善. 相似文献
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冰雷达技术已成为目前探测南极冰盖内部结构的主要技术手段.近年发展起来的多极化雷达技术可根据不同方向雷达反射功率的变化推断冰盖内部冰晶组构特征和变化规律,进而推断冰盖内部应力应变历史,这对于理解冰流机制和动力过程以及解释冰盖过去、现在和未来的变化规律具有非常重要的作用.本文从Maxwell方程出发,推导出适于介电常数各向异性的三维电磁波时域有限差分方程,进而建立模型模拟各向异性介质的响应输出及其时空分布特征.模拟结果表明： (1) 电磁波在各向异性介质中传播时,波前面为椭圆形,长轴位于介电常数小的主轴方向; (2) 横向各向异性介质反射波振幅在水平面内具有180°的变化周期.通过对现场常用三种天线装置类型模拟对比分析发现,不同天线类型各向异性层底界面反射波存在“时差”现象,并且时差大小和正负与上下层介电常数差异以及同层各向异性差异有关.在模拟计算的基础上,作者讨论了由于介电常数各向异性导致的“时间延迟”和水平面内振幅“周期性变化”的原因.模拟结果和结论对于南极冰盖冰雷达数据处理和解释工作具有指导意义. 相似文献