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青藏高原东部兴措湖近0.2 ka来的气候定量复原 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据青藏高原东部兴措湖沉积物总有机碳和有机碳同位素, 以及腹足类Gyraulus sibirica壳体同位素和微量元素的分析, 并与器测资料对比, 分别建立了壳体氧同位素与夏半年气温、壳体Sr/Ca比与夏半年降水量间的函数关系. 在此基础上, 对研究区近0.2 ka来的气温和降水变化进行了定量恢复. 结果表明(1) 壳体Sr/Ca比与夏半年的降水量呈负相关, 相关系数0.86; (2) 壳体d 18O与夏半年滑动平均气温为正相关, 相关系数0.89; (3) 近0.2 ka来夏半年气温和降水的变化明显存在有3个阶段, 其中19世纪中后期降水量比现代高约220 mm, 夏半年气温比现今低约2°C; 而20世纪最大降温时段降水量比现今低约60 mm, 夏半年气温比现代低约3°C; (4) 近0.05 ka来, 研究区的气候呈现明显的暖干化趋势. 相似文献
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德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的时间变化特征——以2005年7月-2006年2月为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大气水汽中氧稳定同位素是研究气候现代过程的重要手段．根据测得的青藏高原东北部德令哈2005年7月-2006年2月大气水汽中δ^18 O以及观测的气象要素,分析了德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的变化特征以及与温度、比湿的关系．研究结果表明,德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O季节变化显著,夏季值高于冬季值;在取样期间存在较大的波动,波动幅度超过37‰;受温度季节变化影响,德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的日变化与日平均温度之间存在着明显的正相关关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O与大气中水汽含量的关系较复杂,研究发现在季节尺度上,冬季大气水汽中δ^18 O与空气比湿成正相关关系,但在夏季,大气水汽中δ^18 O显著受到降水的影响而与空气比湿显现相反的关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值低于当地降水中δ^18 O值,它们之间平均差值△δ^18 O为10．7‰;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值受到降水事件的影响,在7,8月间相对偏低,模拟结果显示,降水事件使德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值在7,8月间平均偏低7‰． 相似文献
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珠穆朗玛峰东绒布80.36 m冰芯δ18O记录的气候意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
珠穆朗玛峰东绒布80.36 m冰芯δ18O记录与喜马拉雅山南、北坡气象资料和北半球气温变化之间的关系表明, 该冰芯δ18O基本上不反映年际温度的变化, 但冰芯δ18O与净积累量具有负相关关系, 这是该地区夏季降水(占全年降水量的80%以上)中δ18O"降水量效应"的一种具体表现. 东绒布冰芯δ18O的变化可作为印度季风活动强弱变化的替代指标. 在季风活动强盛阶段, 冰芯中δ18O平均值较低; 在季风活动衰弱阶段, 冰芯中δ18O平均值较高. 相似文献
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在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,采用Tedlar气袋采集了“雪龙号”考察船航线上洋面大气样品以及东南极米洛半岛近地面大气样品（采样时间分别为地方时上午10：00和夜间22：00）,在室内通过带有全自动预GC浓缩接口（PreCon）的Thermo Finnigan MAT-253同位素质谱仪,对这些大气样品中N20的同位素组成进行了高精度地测量;并分析了其δ^15N与δ^18O空间变化规律．上海-南极洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O平均分别为（7．21±0．50）‰和（44．52±0．52）‰．由30°N往南极随着纬度的变化,δ^15N（6．05‰～7．88‰）呈线性增加趋势,增加率为0．01‰/纬度,δ^18O（43．05‰～48．78‰）则呈现较大的波动;且δ^15N气温、N2O浓度呈负相关,而与δ^18O呈弱的正相关．东南极米洛半岛近地面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O夏季变化趋势相一致,且二者呈显著正相关,而与N2O浓度呈显著负相关;不同地点大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O平均分别为（7．46±0.39）％。和（44．6±0．45）‰,略高于洋面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O;而显著高于北半球低纬度大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O值．分析讨论了引起地面大气N2O的δ^15N与δ^18O空间变化的主导因素．提供了全球大区域洋面大气N2O的同位素资料,有助于定量评估全球与区域大气N2O的净收支． 相似文献
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小冰期弱化学风化的湖泊沉积记录 总被引：38，自引：3，他引：38
封闭湖泊沉积物的低Sr含量、低磁化率和高Rb/Sr比记录了单一湖泊流域在以冷干为特征的小冰期气候环境下经历的弱化学风化过程. 由于Rb, Sr在表生环境下不同的地球化学行为, 内陆湖泊沉积物中Rb/Sr比值是沉积记录中具有明确气候意义的有效指标. 与热带气候和现代温湿环境下化学风化受降水控制不同, 湖泊沉积岩芯的磁化率、Sr含量与冰芯δ18O一致的变化趋势揭示了小冰期最盛期极弱的化学风化过程是受气温控制的. 而随着气温的升高, 化学风化强度逐渐受降水的制约. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑》2008,(6)
大气水汽中氧稳定同位素是研究气候现代过程的重要手段.根据测得的青藏高原东北部德令哈2005年7月~2006年2月大气水汽中δ18O以及观测的气象要素,分析了德令哈大气水汽中δ18O的变化特征以及与温度、比湿的关系.研究结果表明,德令哈大气水汽中δ18O季节变化显著,夏季值高于冬季值;在取样期间存在较大的波动,波动幅度超过37‰;受温度季节变化影响,德令哈大气水汽中δ18O的日变化与日平均温度之间存在着明显的正相关关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ18O与大气中水汽含量的关系较复杂,研究发现在季节尺度上,冬季大气水汽中δ18O与空气比湿成正相关关系,但在夏季,大气水汽中δ18O显著受到降水的影响而与空气比湿显现相反的关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ18O值低于当地降水中δ18O值,它们之间平均差值?δ18O为10.7‰;德令哈大气水汽中δ18O值受到降水事件的影响,在7,8月间相对偏低,模拟结果显示,降水事件使德令哈大气水汽中δ18O值在7,8月间平均偏低7‰. 相似文献
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长江故道底栖动物群落特征及资源衰退原因分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
选取青藏高原南北断面气候环境条件差异明显的大枪勇错、空姆错、纳木错、克鲁克湖和小柴达木湖的表层沉积物进行了陆源正构烷烃（C25-C31）的提取分析．通过将这些生物标志物δD值与源区生长季节大气降水国值进行比较,发现两者有很好的相关性．说明陆源沉积正构烷烃记录了生长季节降水同位素信号正构烷烃n-C25、n-C27与大气降水间氢同位素分馏在-45‰至-70‰之间,而n-C29、n—C31与大气降水间氧同位素分馏在-70‰至-95‰之间,沿青藏高原南北断面分馏恒定,分馏平均值分别是-57‰和-82‰通过对比欧洲断面的-130‰分馏值,可以看出青藏高原南北断面陆源沉积正构烷烃与大气降水间表观同位素分馏小很多。 相似文献
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根据2002年6~8月和2003年5~8月期间在慕士塔格冰川西坡收集的降水样品, 探讨了该区降水中δ18O的时空变化特征. 分析结果表明, 观测期间降水中δ18O具有较大的变幅, 可达20‰左右, 其值随时间的变化趋势和气温的变化趋势基本一致. 该区降水中δ18O与温度存在正相关关系, 但与降水量无关. 在海拔5500~7450 m的范围内, 稳定同位素比率的高程效应显著. 降水中δ18O随海拔而垂直变化的梯度值接近-0.40‰/100 m. 综合目前山地高海拔区的降水中δ18O资料, 初步建立了全球山地高海拔区(>5000 m)降水中δ18O和海拔的关系. 相似文献
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XIAO YingKai LIU WeiGuo MA YunQi ZHANG YanLing HE MaoYong LUO ChongGuang LIAO QingQiang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1048-1060
To be used as proxies of seawater surface temperature(SST), the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of scleractinian coral skeletons must be verified by coral culture experiments in the laboratory. This paper describes a coral culture experiment that was conducted at several seawater temperatures T(21–28°C) using a tandem aquarium system and the new method for depositing coral skeletons grown under controlled conditions. The δ 18Oc values and the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral were measured. We concluded that the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral are clearly correlated with T. The linear regression curve is δ18Oc(‰)=δ0.1427δT(°C)δ0.1495(n=18, r=0.955, p0.0001), and the slope of δ0.1427‰/°C is at the low end of the range of published values(δ0.13–δ0.29‰/°C). The Sr/Ca ratio decreases with increasing T, whereas the Mg/Ca ratio increases with increasing T, indicating a negative correlation between Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca. Their linear regression curves are Sr/Ca(mmol/mol)=δ0.04156δT+10.59(n=15, r=0.789, p0.005) and Mg/Ca(mmol/mol)= 0.04974δT+2.339(n=17, r=0.457, p0.05), respectively, which demonstrate that when Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are increased by one unit, T increases by 5.19°C and decreases by 15.62°C, respectively. These variations are significantly lower than published values. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献