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1.
在青藏高原南部空姆错钻取了一根浅湖芯,对其中时间跨度约为50年的剖面按7年间隔对其中陆源正构烷烃(C_(25),C_(27),C_(29),C_(31))进行了提取分析。通过将这些生物标志物的氢同位素比值与附近浪卡子气象站和拉萨气象站的气象参数记录进行比较,发现这些生物标志物的δD值与生长季节时段的平均气温显著相关,而与生长季节时段的降雨量和相对湿度的相关性差,说明陆源沉积正构烷烃的氢同位素比值主要记录了气温信号,可以被用于古温度重建。  相似文献   

2.
为了查明单一生态系统下表土中高等植物来源长链正构烷烃单体氢同位素(δ^13Cn-alkanes)的变化特征,从华北张家口市万全县大麻坪玄武岩风化壳随机采集了12个表层土壤样品,用来分析其长链正构烷烃分子组成特征及其单体碳(δ^13Cn-alkanes)、氢同位素,同时分析了其总有机质碳同位素(TOC,δ^13Cn)变化.结果表明δ^13Cn和来源于陆生高等植物的4个代表性的占优势地位的长链正构烷烃(n-C27,n-C29,n-C31,n-C33)的13Cn-alkanes在这12个样品中都非常稳定,仅有很小的变化幅度,这两类碳同位素数据均表明其上覆植被的光合作用类型构成非常均一,可以视为由纯C3草本植物构成.相应的这4个主要长链正构烷烃的Dn-alkanes变化幅度比较大,整体而言,相对丰度越高的同族体分子,其Dn-alkanes更为偏负,且其变化幅度更小.然而,这4个主要长链正构烷烃加权平均Dn-alkanes值约30‰的变化幅度小于先前研究当中报道的同一地点不同现代陆生C3草本植物之间长链正构烷烃Dn-alkanes值的变化幅度,甚至小于同一植物种长链正构烷烃Dn-alkanes值的季节变化幅度.由于表土和沉积物中长链正构烷烃来源上的相似性,即它们都来源于多种植物的混合,因此,我们的结果对于沉积物,尤其是其有机质为原地植物来源的陆相沉积物的长链正构烷烃单体氢同位素组成的古气候、古环境、古水文信息的精确解译,具有一定的参考价值.  相似文献   

3.
分析了珠江口外两个短沉积柱状样的叶蜡正构烷烃单体稳定碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C),讨论了它在揭示年代际尺度上流域环境变化的能力.长链正构烷烃主峰为C_(29)或C_(31),且表现出明显的奇数碳优势,说明这些烷烃主要来自维管束植物的叶蜡.所有的沉积样品中,C_(29)和C_(31)正构烷烃的δ~(13)C值在-28.8‰-31.2‰变化,这与珠江流域以C_3植物为主的陆地生态系统相吻合.两个沉积柱的δ~(13)C时间变化序列是相似的.从20世纪初期到70年代末这段时间都呈现出一个持续减小的趋势.但在随后的大约15年时间里,δ~(13)C值趋势反转,开始不断增大.在校正了大气CO_2浓度上升和δ~(13)Catm下降所带来的影响后,δ~(13)C_(29)记录基本上仍保留了上述变化规律,但在80年代δ~(13)C值的上升趋势表现得更加明显.通过与实测资料比较,我们认为,1980年之前δ~(13)C校正值的轻微减小趋势应该和珠江流域降水量的增加有关,之后的δ~(13)C值上升则很可能是受干旱气候条件以及人为森林砍伐的影响.因此,我们的结果表明,埋藏于珠江口外沉积物中的叶蜡正构烷烃可以很好地反映该流域在过去一个世纪里的气候变化和人类活动情况.  相似文献   

4.
南沙海区生物单体脂类碳同位素研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
段毅  宋金明  张辉 《中国科学D辑》2003,33(9):889-894
应用GC-IRMS碳同位素分析技术, 对南沙海区典型生物的单体脂类碳同位素进行了测定. 饱和脂肪酸碳同位素δ 13C值分布在-25.6‰~-29.7‰之间, 其平均值在不同类型生物中为-26.4‰~-28.2‰, 差值仅为1.8‰. 不饱和脂肪酸具有较重的碳同位素组成, 与同碳数饱和脂肪酸的δ 13C值平均相差2.9‰~6.8‰. 正构烷烃碳同位素组成为-27.5‰~-29.7‰, 不同生物之间平均值极为接近, 为-28.6‰~-28.9‰. 饱和脂肪酸和正构烷烃平均δ 13C值只相差1.5‰, 表明它们具有相似的生物合成途径. 不同碳数脂类碳同位素δ 13C值差异大都在±2.0‰之间, 反映了它们经过碳链拉长的生物合成特征. 同时, 将这些生物单体脂类碳同位素与该海区沉积脂类的进行对比研究, 建立了生物与沉积脂类的碳同位素成因关系, 为脂类碳同位素应用研究提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

5.
为了认识沼泽典型沉积环境中沉积脂类与生物脂类碳同位素的内在联系, 应用GC-IRMS碳同位素分析新技术, 对若尔盖沼泽草本植物、木本植物叶和沉积物中单体脂类碳同位素进行了测定. 结果表明, 不同类型植物之间的正构烷烃碳同位素组成存在着明显的差别, 草本植物的δ13C值(−32.2‰~−36.9‰)要比木本植物叶类的(−27.2‰~−35.0‰)平均低3.3‰. 植物中脂肪酸碳同位素组成(−30.3‰~−36.2‰)与正构烷烃的类似, 并且不饱和脂肪酸的δ13C值分布在饱和脂肪酸δ13C值范围之内. 植物脂类之间的碳同位素组成变化较大, 范围为2.4‰~7.8‰. 沼泽沉积脂类碳同位素组成与生物脂类的密切相关, 沉积物中正构烷烃、≥C16脂肪酸、正构脂肪醇、甾醇和α-正构脂肪酮碳同位素组成(−27.0‰~−36.9‰)类似于植物脂类, 并且短链和长链沉积脂类碳同位素组成较为相似, 说明它们都来自高等植物; 只有沉积C14:0和C15:0脂肪酸碳同位素组成比植物中同碳数的轻, 反映了它们部分细菌成因的特征.  相似文献   

6.
西藏纳木错表层沉积物中正构烷烃的来源与空间分布特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
通过测定纳木错现代植物和表层沉积物样品中的正构烷烃,结合主成分分析方法,明确了表层沉积物中烷烃的主要来源,并初步分析了它们在湖泊中的空间分布特征.研究结果显示,沉水植物所含烷烃以n-C21-C25为主,具有n-C23的峰值;陆生植物主要含n-C27-C33烷烃,具有n-C29或n-C31的峰值;但垫状点地梅(Androsace tapete)和香柏(Sabina pingii)的主峰碳却是n-C33烷烃,这在以往研究中鲜有报道.在纳木错表层沉积物中,正构烷烃具有典型的n-C31和n-C23双峰分布形式,来源于低等菌藻类、沉水植物以及陆生植物,其中碳数小于C20的短链烷烃主要来源于低等菌藻类,其空间分布均一,由低等菌藻类的浮游生活型所决定;长链烷烃主要来源于高等植物,含量从滨岸到湖中心逐渐减少,这与其在运移和沉积过程中受微生物的持续降解作用有关,此外,来源于陆生植物的n-C27-C33烷烃因河流汇水面积和流量不同而存在空间差异,这值得重视和进一步研究.  相似文献   

7.
在地震地下流体观测研究中,基于氢氧同位素示踪技术研究地下水补给源及循环过程是常用的技术方法之一。本文给出了九江地震台2号观测井水、大气降水、周边水库水及高山泉水等样品的氢氧同位素测定结果,表明地下水δ~(18)O测值介于-7.59‰~-6.09‰,平均值-6.99‰,δD测值介于-45.22‰~-39.69‰,平均值-42.32‰,变异异数分别为0.09、0.16;大气降水δ~(18)O测值介于-13.00‰~-1.27‰,平均值-4.74‰,δD测值介于-96.13‰~-4.74‰,平均值-46.87‰,变异异数分别为0.40、0.56,与降水相比,地下水氢氧同位素变化更为稳定。大气降水氢氧同位素2017年5~10月表现为明显的降水效应,2018年11~4月表现为明显的温度效应,而地下水氢氧同位素并未表现出明显的降水效应和温度效应。氢氧同位素及过量氘揭示地下水在下渗补给前经历了明显的蒸发分馏作用,并与围岩进行~(18)O交换,δ~(18)O与δD计算得出的补给高程分别约为647、440m。九江台观测井的观测层地下水为大气降水成因的构造裂隙水,属于大气成因型且循环过程为较稳定的裂隙水补给并形成承压自流井。  相似文献   

8.
湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃氢同位素组成(δD)广泛应用于古环境变化研究,但其正构烷烃通常包含多种植物来源,使其作为环境和气候指标进行解释时面临许多挑战.我们系统调查了青藏高原地区15个湖泊中51个沉水植物(包括39个眼子菜、1个狐尾藻和11个川蔓藻),13个藻类(包括5个轮藻、3个刚毛藻和5个水绵)以及20个湖边陆生植物(包括10个灌木和10个草本植物)正构烷烃的δD值.结果表明:藻类和沉水植物C29正构烷烃δD值与湖水δD值显著正相关(藻类:R~2=0.85,p0.01,n=9;沉水植物:R~2=0.90,p0.01,n=25),表明这些藻类和沉水植物正构烷烃的δD值反映了湖水δD值的变化.不同种属的藻类和沉水植物,以及不同水文条件下生长的同一种属植物,其氢同位素分馏值(ε_(a/w))并不稳定,表明生物合成和环境条件(如盐度)可能会影响藻类和沉水植物的δD值.希里沟湖(封闭湖)中川蔓藻的δD值显著偏正于其湖边草本植物的δD值(one-way ANOVA,p0.01),但可鲁克湖(开放湖)中的轮藻植物与其湖边草本植物的δD值接近(one-way ANOVA,p=0.8260.05),表明干旱半干旱地区湖泊中藻类和沉水植物仅在封闭湖记录了湖水相对于大气降水富集δD值的信号.对每一个藻类和沉水植物样品,不同碳数正构烷烃δD值无明显差别,表明结合Paq和平均链长(ACL)等指标,不同碳数正构烷烃δD值的差值能帮助我们判断沉积物中正构烷烃的植物来源,及分析古湖泊盆地的沉积类型(开放沉积或封闭沉积).  相似文献   

9.
青藏高原南北降水中δD和δ~(18)O关系及水汽循环   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21  
根据青藏高原南北不同地区降水及河水中δ D和δ18O, 建立了青藏高原从北到南降水中稳定同位素大气水线, 并解释了不同地区大气水线的差异性与水汽来源的关系. 分析了青藏高原南北降水中过量氘( d )的季节变化特征; 揭示了青藏高原降水和河水中d的空间变化, 研究发现青藏高原d在唐古拉山南北两侧显示出不同的变化特征.这种差异是与不同区域水汽来源或水汽循环有关.  相似文献   

10.
大气水汽中氧稳定同位素是研究气候现代过程的重要手段.根据测得的青藏高原东北部德令哈2005年7月-2006年2月大气水汽中δ^18 O以及观测的气象要素,分析了德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的变化特征以及与温度、比湿的关系.研究结果表明,德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O季节变化显著,夏季值高于冬季值;在取样期间存在较大的波动,波动幅度超过37‰;受温度季节变化影响,德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O的日变化与日平均温度之间存在着明显的正相关关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O与大气中水汽含量的关系较复杂,研究发现在季节尺度上,冬季大气水汽中δ^18 O与空气比湿成正相关关系,但在夏季,大气水汽中δ^18 O显著受到降水的影响而与空气比湿显现相反的关系;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值低于当地降水中δ^18 O值,它们之间平均差值△δ^18 O为10.7‰;德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值受到降水事件的影响,在7,8月间相对偏低,模拟结果显示,降水事件使德令哈大气水汽中δ^18 O值在7,8月间平均偏低7‰.  相似文献   

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.  相似文献   

16.
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and  相似文献   

17.
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.  相似文献   

18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference (DD) algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock (MsS.7) and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.  相似文献   

20.
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters.  相似文献   

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