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花粉浓缩物的加速器~(14)C年代测定初探 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在环境敏感带的风积物、湖积物剖面中采集了 1 7个样品 ,建立了适用于风积物中花粉浓缩物提取的实验方法 .将花粉浓缩物的测年结果与某些已知年代样品作了对比研究 ,进行了花粉浓缩物的加速器14 C测年的初步探索 .结果表明 ,在稳定环境下与沉积物同时沉积的花粉测年具有一定的可信度 .它将为改善黄土高原晚更新世以来年代测定提供一条新的可能途径 .同时 ,将14 C测年与野外地质观察相结合 ,提取了该敏感带晚更新世向早全新世转换过程中 4次主要的季风降水变化的地质记录 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(1)
青藏高原及周边地区第四纪古湖泊演化时空序列已有诸多研究,然而对于晚更新世高湖面出现的时间框架还存在争议.可靠的测年技术是厘清这一科学问题的关键所在.基于14C和光释光(OSL)两种测年手段,以取自柴达木盆地和腾格里沙漠的两套湖相沉积序列为研究对象,开展了系统的沉积物定年工作.其研究结果如下:(1)柴达木盆地的湖相沉积岩芯的14C年代数据显示,老于30 ka的14C年代可能存在低估;(2)腾格里沙漠地区的全新世湖相沉积物样品的OSL和14C测年结果在误差范围内一致,但对于较老(30 ka)的地层,两种测年技术产生了较大偏差,即OSL年龄远老于14C年龄;(3)两个地区的测年结果揭示了同一个现象:对于老于30 ka的湖相沉积物(尤其是来自干旱-半干旱区),14C测年技术很可能会低估其沉积年龄;(4)以往基于14C数据建立的氧同位素三阶段晚期的高湖面事件年代框架可能存在低估,最新的OSL测年结果表明,该高湖面事件的真实年代很可能老于80 ka.因此,对接近或老于30 ka的14C年代,我们需要谨慎对待,而对现有的较老的14C年代数据的可靠性进行科学系统的评估,将有助于我们重新认识和厘清诸多科学问题和争议. 相似文献
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通过对比中国东部沙漠/沙地典型地层序列的年代和古环境代用指标,文章揭示了中国东部沙漠-沙地全新世以来的地表环境变化特征及其对古气候变化的响应.风沙-古土壤沉积序列中一系列的古环境代用指标和光释光测年数据显示:(1)库布齐沙漠大规模现代沙丘景观形成于全新世时期;并在4~2ka期间普遍发育古土壤,指示了该时段区域降水量或有效湿度增加并促进了植被生长,风沙活动减弱,进而导致有机质累积、土壤发育;最近2ka沙丘大规模的扩张除了受自然因素影响,还与人类活动密不可分,丰富的沙源和人类活动共同促成了该沙漠现代景观的形成.(2)浑善达克沙地现代沙丘景观可能形成于12ka左右,而在此之前浑善达克沙地西部应是一个大湖;在9.6~3ka期间,浑善达克沙地比现代明显湿润,普遍发育古土壤,然而风沙活动并未完全停止;全新世湿润期在该沙地可能具有穿时性,沙地东部气候条件的转好早于西部.(3)呼伦贝尔沙地的古土壤早在14.5ka便开始发育,可能一直延续到最近2ka.中国东部各个沙地的古土壤发育具有高度的空间异质性,甚至各个沙地内部不同地点的古土壤发育时间也不一致,但是总体上中全新世(尤其是在7.5~3.5ka)各个沙地趋于固定,风沙活动强度显著减弱.近十年来中国东部沙地的古环境记录数量迅速增长,但是已经发表的数据数量与中国东部沙地广大的空间范围仍然不匹配,要全面理解中国北方风沙活动与气候变化的关系还需对更多的风沙沉积剖面进行深入研究. 相似文献
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福建漳州—龙海地区活动断裂研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据作者调查所获并参考前人的资料,对漳州—龙海地区三条具有代表性的断裂带的晚更新世以来的活动特征进行了分析。结果表明:海门岛走向近东西的断裂自全新世以来,有较明显的活动,活动方式为张性正断层;白云山走向北东的断裂在晚更新世至全新世早期曾发生过明显的顺时针向扭动,以后活动性减弱;珠坑—马鞍山走向北西的断裂在第四纪早期可能有过明显活动,但全新世以来断层两盘差异活动迹象不明显,并以整体上升为特征。根据一级河流阶地沉积物的~(14)C测年资料估算,平均年上升速率约为3毫米。 相似文献
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西秦岭北缘断裂带是青藏高原东缘一条大型左旋走滑活动断裂带和历史强震带。前人对该断裂漳县以西段曾开展过大量研究工作,获得其最新构造活动的地质地貌证据,而中段(武山—天水段)和东段(天水—宝鸡段)最新活动时代一直存在分歧。基于高分辨率卫星影像解译、地质地貌调查与综合分析、探槽开挖和~(14)C测年等方法,对西秦岭北缘断裂带武山—天水段进行详细研究,结果表明:该段断裂晚第四纪以来活动显著,地貌上主要表现为断层垭口、断层沟槽、山脊与水系及阶地同步左旋位错、断层陡坎等;多个探槽剖面及测年结果显示其最新构造活动断错了全新世地层,为该段断裂全新世活动和大震危险性分析提供了新的证据。 相似文献
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本文根据沉积环境分析和~(14)C测龄结果,确定沿雅砻江下游河床分布的一套未成岩的河湖相地层的时代为晚更新世晚期—全新世早期,而不是长期以来归之于早更新世的昔格达组,建议称其为桐子林组;并通过该地层变形成因的分析,提出李明久-桐子林断裂带在全新世中期活动显著的认识 相似文献
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吉兰泰盐湖沉积物孢粉记录的季风边缘区全新世气候演化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
全新世气候具有不稳定性,且存在着区域差异,在季风边缘区尤为显著.因此,本研究选取季风边缘区吉兰泰盐湖沉积物的孢粉记录并结合AMS14C测年结果,对该地区全新世的古植被演化及古气候变化历史进行了重建.结果表明,在全新世阶段,该地区植被类型未发生变化,以干旱的荒漠植被为主.早全新世(10.5 8.5 cal ka BP),以蒿属孢粉为主,伴随出现少量藜科、禾本科及麻黄属孢粉,蒿藜比(A/C比值)相对稳定(4.11左右),指示全新世早期气候逐步转湿的过程,在8.5 cal ka BP,蒿属孢粉数量下降且被藜科孢粉取代,指示一次明显气候干旱事件;中全新世(8.5 3.5 cal ka BP),蒿属孢粉含量增加及藜科孢粉含量降低,A/C比值在7.1 cal ka BP左右达到峰值,指示该地区中全新世气候最为湿润;晚全新世(3.5 cal ka BP至今),藜科孢粉含量增加且超过早全新世,A/C比值低至3.66,区域呈现明显的干旱化趋势.此外,结合吉兰泰盐湖沉积物矿物组成结果,发现中全新世湖泊沉积物中,钙芒硝大量出现,一定程度上指示降水量增多所带来的淡水注入,与孢粉指标指示该阶段湿润的结果一致.通过区域对比,发现吉兰泰地区在全新世时期的气候演化模式与东亚季风区具有较好的一致性,表明该地区受到东亚夏季风的影响较大,尤其是在中全新世,东亚夏季风增强,带来较多的降水,气候湿润. 相似文献
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Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ∼1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ∼1000, ∼1300 and ∼1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. We summarise our findings as a set of recommendations for dating basal peats, and advocate the widespread use of OM determination to obtain a low-cost, quantitative and reproducible definition of basal peat that eases intercomparison of studies. 相似文献
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Radiocarbon dating of soils and sediments is notoriously problematic for the purposes of dating a specific event due to their heterogeneous mix of multiple organic fractions, each of which may have a different radiocarbon age. Numerous studies have failed to agree on which sedimentary fraction or radiocarbon pre-treatment method, if any, provides the closest agreement between the age of a sedimentary fraction and that of associated plant macrofossils or charcoal. We tested the stepped-combustion method of McGeehin et al. (2001), as well as standard radiocarbon humin and humic extraction techniques, using samples from a chronologically well-constrained perennially-frozen site at Quartz Creek, Yukon Territory, Canada. The ages in closest agreement with associated radiocarbon-dated plant macrofossils and with the overlying Dawson tephra were given by the humic and humin fractions, but even these were still older than the macrofossil ages by up to 4195 ± 260 radiocarbon years. The low temperature (LT) humin method recommended by McGeehin et al. (2001) yielded ages older than the macrofossils by up to nearly 4425 ± 240 radiocarbon years. These fractions, while still providing information on the mobility and potential residence times of carbon in soils and sediments, should not be relied upon to provide consistently accurate site chronologies. 相似文献
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《Acta Geochimica》2016,(1)
Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon(TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, weconcluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO_3 precipitation. 相似文献
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milie Saulnier-Talbot Reinhard Pienitz Thomas W. Stafford Jr. 《Quaternary Geochronology》2009,4(4):278-287
The absence of datable macrofossils in six sediment cores recovered from northern Ungava (Canada) lakes constituted a major challenge for the establishment of reliable lacustrine chronologies for the Holocene. Consequently, AMS radiocarbon dating of humic acids was used to assess age–depth in the cores. The reliability of the radiocarbon results near some of the core tops was evaluated through 210Pb dating. The offset of sediment radiocarbon ages with their most probable time of formation and deposition in the lakes was found to be in the order of about 1000 years for recently deposited sediments. However, the basal dates in one core covering the entire postglacial period yielded a remarkable fit with previously established dates performed on marine shells at the maximum marine limit. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe how the two dating methods can be combined to address some of the problems paleolimnologists face when trying to assign ages to high-latitude lake sediment records. Suggestions are made for improving the quality of age–depth models developed in future studies for northernmost Québec and other comparable regions where paleolimnologists must deal with the combined challenges of very slow sediment accumulation rates in lakes, an extreme paucity of datable material and the sequestration of old carbon in the watersheds. 相似文献
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PALEOSEISMOLOGY ON THE YEMAHE SEGMENT OF THE YEMAHE-DAXUESHAN FAULT REVEALED BY TRENCH STUDY 
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下载免费PDF全文 A series of NWW striking faults are obliquely intersected by the NEE striking Altyn Tagh fault zone in the western Qilian Mountains. These faults were mostly active in late Quaternary and play an important role in accommodating regional lateral extrusion by both reverse and sinistral slip. Detailed studies on late Quaternary activity, tectonic transformation, paleoseismology, and strain partitioning not only significantly affect our recognition on seismogenic mechanism and zones of potential large earthquakes, but also provide useful information for exploring tectonic deformation mechanism in the northern Tibetan plateau. The Danghenanshan Fault, Yemahe-Daxueshan fault, and Altyn Tagh Fault form a triplet junction point at southwest of Subei county. The Yemahe-Daxueshan fault is one important branch fault in the western Qilian Mountains that accommodated eastward decreasing slip of the Altyn Tagh Fault, which was active in late Holocene, with a length up to 170km. Based on geometry and late Quaternary activity, the Yemahe-Daxueshan fault was subdivided into 3 segments, i.e. the Subei fault, Yemahe fault and Daxueshan Fault. The Yemahe Fault has the most prominent appearance among them, and is dominated by left-lateral slip with a little normal component. The heights of fresh scarps on this fault are only several tens of centimeters. We dug 2 trenches at the Zhazhihu site, and cleaned and reinterpreted one trench of previous studies. Then we interpreted trench profiles and paleoseismic events, and collected 14C and Optical Stimulated Luminescence samples to constrain event ages. Finally, we determined 3 events on the Yemahe fault with ages(6 830±30) a BP-(6 280±40) a BP, (5 220±30) a BP, (2 010±30) a BP, respectively. The elapsed time of most recent earthquake is(2 010±30) years before present, which is very close to the recurrence interval, so the possibility of major earthquakes on the Yemahe fault is relatively large. 相似文献
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Abstract Various siliceous rocks are found in the Ohdoji, Akaishi and Maido Formations from the western Aomori basin, and the Yotsuzawa and Wadagawa Formations from the eastern Aomori basin of northern Honshu, Japan. These rocks are classified into diatomite, siliceous shale and chert.
Diatomite is composed of abundant amorphous silica and has porosity between 50 and 65%. Siliceous shale is composed of a large amount of quartz, and has porosity ranging from 25 to 35%. Chert is chiefly composed of cristobalite or quartz, and has porosity between 20 to 30%.
Average contents of total organic carbon, S1 and S2 generally increase from argillaceous rocks → diatomites → siliceous shales → cherts. Maturation of organic matter in these rocks is generally lower than that in average source rocks. Diatoms, which appeared in the late Cretaceous and became increasingly important in the Miocene, are the principal primary producers of organic matter in the marine environment during the Cenozoic. Excellent organic components and higher biological productivity show that diatoms might be the most important source of petroleum during the Neogene in Japan.
Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in diatoms have been transformed into fulvic acids, humic acids and humin by polycondensation and polymerization. Later, these humin materials could be changed into insoluble kerogen under the effect of mild temperature and pressure. A part of the lipids would transform to geochemical fossils (biomarkers). Amorphous silica in cells of diatoms would change to low-cristobalite and low-quartz by the increase of geothermal temperature. 相似文献
Diatomite is composed of abundant amorphous silica and has porosity between 50 and 65%. Siliceous shale is composed of a large amount of quartz, and has porosity ranging from 25 to 35%. Chert is chiefly composed of cristobalite or quartz, and has porosity between 20 to 30%.
Average contents of total organic carbon, S
Proteins, carbohydrates and lipids in diatoms have been transformed into fulvic acids, humic acids and humin by polycondensation and polymerization. Later, these humin materials could be changed into insoluble kerogen under the effect of mild temperature and pressure. A part of the lipids would transform to geochemical fossils (biomarkers). Amorphous silica in cells of diatoms would change to low-cristobalite and low-quartz by the increase of geothermal temperature. 相似文献
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The I ingwu fault is in the eastern boundary of the southern section of Yinchuan graben. It hasa close relation to seismicity in the Lingwu-Wuzhong region.Few researches have been done.In this Paper,on the basis of tee data obtained from field investigation,the activity features inLate Quaternary have been discussed.The vertical displacement and its slip rate have been alsoestimated.The fault is 48km in length,being divided into 3 segments according to geologicaland topographical characteristics.The last rupture along its northern and middle segments wasoccurred in late of Late Pleistocene or early Holocene while that along the southern segmentwas occurred in midle Holocene.The vertical slip rate is estimated as 0.23～025mm/a sinceabout 66ka B.P.based on the vertical displacements of terracesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ and their ages. 相似文献