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1.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2008,64(3-4):103-116
Karstic conduits play a crucial role for water supply in many parts of the world. However, the imaging of such targets is generally a difficult task for most geophysical methods. Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) is a geophysical method designed for imaging of water bearing structures. Initially, MRS was developed for characterizing horizontally stratified aquifers. However, when applying a 1D MRS measuring setup to the imaging of 2D–3D targets, the size of which may be much smaller than the loop, the accuracy and the lateral resolution may not be sufficient. We have studied the possibility of simultaneously processing several MRS aligned along a profile to perform a Magnetic Resonance Tomography (MRT). This work emphasizes the gain of resolution for 2D–3D imagery of MRT versus the interpolation of 1D inversion results of MRS along the same profile. Numerical modelling results show that the MRT response is sensitive to the size and location of the 2D target in the subsurface. Sensitivity studies reveal that by using the coincident transmitting/receiving (TX/RX) setup and shifting the loop around the anomaly area, the depth, section and position of a single karstic conduit with a size smaller than the MRS loop size can be resolved. The accuracy of the results depends on the noise level and signal level, the latter parameter being linked to the depth and volume of the karstic conduit and the water content in the limestone matrix. It was shown that when applying MRT to the localization of 2D anomalies such as karstic conduits, the inclination of the geomagnetic field, the orientation of the MRT profile and the angle of crossover of the conduit by the MRT profile must be taken into account. Otherwise additional errors in interpretation should be expected. A 2D inversion scheme was developed and tested. Both numerical and experimental results confirm the efficiency of the developed approach. 相似文献
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地面核磁共振方法(MRS)因具有对地下水探测定性、定量的特点而备受地球物理工作者关注.传统研究中,人们局限于一维探测方法,假设层状含水构造,导致复杂地质环境下难以确定井位、不均匀含水层小水体难以分辨的反演解释瓶颈.针对现有测量中的不足,本文提出了MRS二维分布式探测模式,依据激发场不均匀特性,定义了实际测量中的测线方位角α,推导了分布式接收线圈MRS响应核函数表达式,实现了二维正演计算,探索了α角与探测灵敏度之间的关系.在此基础上,首次将Occam方法用于MRS二维反演解释中,实现了磁共振断层成像MRT(magnetic resonance tomography).模型试算中,根据含水层位置以及环境噪声变化的磁共振响应,客观评价了分布式MRS探测适用范围.理论先行可推动仪器完善,本文通过分布式接收单元设计、接收线圈数量和匝数增加与调整、放大器参数自适应设置与矫正,成功研制了地面分布式磁共振探测系统,并进行了野外验证.本文的研究成果将为基岩裂隙水定位、堤坝渗漏灾害水源评价,喀斯特溶洞含水构造精确探测提供有力的科学支撑. 相似文献
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核磁共振测深方法的新进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
核磁共振测深(MRS)方法是目前唯一直接探查地下水的新方法.本文概要介绍了参加第二届核磁共振测深(MRS)国际学术研讨会的主要收获.阐述了核磁共振找水仪的研制和进展以及扩大了MRS方法的应用领域方面的情况.在应用MRS方法探测地下水取得很大成效的此基础上,我们率先用MRS方法进行了三峡滑坡监测和秦始皇陵考古工作,又取得了新成果. 相似文献
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Numerical study of the variations of magnetic resonance signals caused by surface slope 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
When performing forward modelling and inversion of Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) data, the water-content distribution is typically assumed to be horizontal (1D case). This assumption is fully justified because MRS is often used for characterizing continuous aquifers in a nearly flat environment. However, MRS can also be used in areas with sharp topographical variations. Following a review of the standard MRS equations when using a coincident transmitter/receiver loop, the mathematical terms potentially affected by tilting of the loop are discussed. We present the results of a numerical modelling exercise, studying a case where the surface is not horizontal and the loop cannot be considered to be parallel to the top of the aquifer. This shows that maximum variations in the MRS-signal amplitude are caused mainly by north- or south-dipping slopes. Slope effects depend on the loop size (a larger loop produces a larger error) especially in the presence of shallow water. With a geomagnetic-field inclination of 65° and a slope angle ≤ 10°, the topography causes a maximum variation in amplitude of less than 10%. Near magnetic poles and equator, the slope effect is lower and undetectable in most cases. It was found that within a 10% range of variation in the amplitude, errors introduced into inversions are within the typical uncertainty for MRS inversion and hence no topographic corrections are necessary. Thus, a significant effect from non-horizontal topography might be expected only when data uncertainty is lower than the slope effect (the slope effect is lower than equivalence when data quality is poor). Today, most field data sets are inverted using the modulus of the MRS signal, but some new developments consider the complex signal (both modulus and phase). However, inversion of complex MRS signals, which would provide a higher sensitivity to groundwater distribution, may be affected by slope effect. Thus, the slope orientation and dip angle should be accurately measured in the field when the phase of MRS signals is inverted too. 相似文献
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Legchenko A Descloitres M Bost A Ruiz L Reddy M Girard JF Sekhar M Mohan Kumar MS Braun JJ 《Ground water》2006,44(4):547-554
The performance of the Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) method applied to the investigation of heterogeneous hard-rock aquifers was studied. It was shown using both numerical modeling and field measurements that MRS could be applied to the investigation of the weathered part of hard-rock aquifers when the product of the free water content multiplied by the thickness of the aquifer is >0.2 (for example, 10-m-thick layer with a 2% water content). Using a currently available one-dimensional MRS system, the method allows the characterization of two-dimensional subsurface structures with acceptable accuracy when the size of the subsurface anomaly is equal to or greater than the MRS loop. However, the fractured part of hard-rock aquifers characterized by low effective porosity (<0.5%) cannot be resolved using currently available MRS equipment. It was found that shallow water in the weathered part of the aquifer may screen MRS signals from deeper water-saturated layers, thus further reducing the possibility of investigating deeper fractured aquifers. A field study using the NUMIS(plus) MRS system developed by IRIS Instruments was carried out on an experimental watershed in southern India. A heterogeneous unconfined aquifer in a gneissic formation was successfully localized, and MRS results were confirmed by drilling shortly after the geophysical study. The top of the aquifer revealed by MRS was found to be in a good agreement with observed static water level measurements in boreholes. 相似文献
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很多国家在进行隧道挖掘、地下矿体开采时,经常会遇到突水涌泥事故.核磁共振方法(Magnetic Resonance Sounding,MRS)作为目前唯一一种直接找水的地球物理技术,在探测诱发灾害的水体方面具有明显的优势.本文首先给出了多匝分离式线圈的MRS信号响应和核函数的计算公式,分析了线圈的匝数、边长和含水层位置对MRS信号响应的影响.分析表明,在限定空间内,利用多匝分离式线圈的设计方法可以提高小尺寸线圈的探测能力.同时,对高匝数线圈给探测系统带来的不利因素进行了分析和改进.最后,为了验证本研究所采用的方法,利用6 m边长的方形线圈和改进型MRS探测系统在中国温州一处在建隧道内的地下场地进行实地探测,探测结果与瞬变电磁方法结果对比表明,6 m边长的方形线圈可以对地下30 m内的含水层进行有效探测. 相似文献
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A geophysical test was carried out over a well-located and fairly embedded karstic conduit. The MT-VLF method was selected because of its high resolution and its ability to provide a resistivity parameter sensitive to water and Clay. This method was used together with DC resistivity methods which allow vertical adjustment of the VLF data and show consistency between the investigation and target depths. After correcting the deformations due to the polarization of the primary field, the MT-VLF data show clearly, in the Central part of the site, that the conduit does not coincide with an anomaly axis but coincides with the boundary between a conductive area and a resistive area. 2D modelling confirms that direct detection of the conduit is not feasible and that the conduit is located close to a conductive zone corresponding to a completely Clay-filled fractured zone. This situation was observed on the whole site and the conduit seemed systematically to thread its way between the conductive zones to join the outlet. The distribution of the conductive fractured zones and the direction of the hydraulic gradient were two important elements in predicting the location of the conduits. A 3D approach would increase the probability of finding the conduits in such a case. 相似文献
9.
Inversion of resistivity in Magnetic Resonance Sounding 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS, or Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - SNMR) is used for groundwater exploration and aquifer characterization. Since this is an electromagnetic method, the excitation magnetic field depends on the resistivity of the subsurface. Therefore, the resistivity has to be taken into account in the inversion: either as a priori information or as an inversion parameter during the inversion process, as introduced in the presented paper. Studies with synthetic data show that water content and resistivity can be resolved for a low resistive aquifer even using only the amplitude of the MRS signal. However, the inversion result can be significantly improved using amplitude and phase of the MRS signal. The successful implementation of the inversion for field data shows that the resistivities derived from MRS are comparable to those from conventional geoelectric methods such as DC resistivity and transient electromagnetic. By having information about both the resistivity and the water content, MRS inversions give information about the quality of the water in the aquifer. This is of utmost interest in hydrogeological studies as this specific information cannot be determined solely by geoelectric measurements, due to the nonunique dependence of resistivity on water content and salinity. 相似文献
10.
Magnetic resonance sounding applied to aquifer characterization 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Legchenko A Baltassat JM Bobachev A Martin C Robain H Vouillamoz JM 《Ground water》2004,42(3):363-373
Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is distinguished from other geophysical tools used for ground water investigation by the fact that it measures a magnetic resonance signal generated directly from subsurface water molecules. An alternating current pulse energizes a wire loop on the ground surface and the MRS signal is generated; subsurface water is indicated, with a high degree of reliability, by nonzero amplitude readings. Measurements with varied pulse magnitudes then reveal the depth and thickness of water saturated layers. The hydraulic conductivity of aquifers can also be estimated using boreholes for calibration. MRS can be used for both predicting the yield of water supply wells and for interpolation between boreholes, thereby reducing the number of holes required for hydrogeological modeling. An example of the practical application of MRS combined with two-dimensional electrical imaging, in the Kerbernez and Kerien catchments area of France, demonstrates the efficiency of the technique. 相似文献
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地面磁共振探测(Surface Magnetic Resonance Sounding,SMRS)是近年来发展起来的一种地球物理新方法,这种在地面直接探测地下介质中氢核丰度的技术,不仅可以用于缺水地区的地下水资源勘查与评价,还可以在地下水引起的堤坝渗漏、滑坡、海水入侵等地质灾害水源的探测预警中发挥独特的作用.本文首次提出了地下磁共振探测方法(Underground Magnetic Resonance Sounding,UMRS),将SMRS方法引入到地下工程领域,实现隧道工程和煤矿开采等地下狭窄空间极端环境的探测.为应用UMRS方法,需要深入研究地下水超前探测理论、准全空间处理与反演方法、旋转多匝小线圈探测模式,强电磁干扰环境自适应噪声压制策略、以及复杂地质环境磁共振与瞬变电磁联合探测关键技术等难题.论文还简要介绍了超导磁探测技术和工程盾构及掘进实时探测等新技术在地下工程生产安全探测预警中的应用前景. 相似文献
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核磁共振接收信号的质量主要受探测天线的传递特性影响,当传递特性较差时,严重影响测量效果.结合目前国内外核磁共振找水仪天线的研制情况,给出了接收天线传递特性的计算方法,根据数值计算结果讨论了影响传递特性的天线参数.利用吉林大学研制的核磁共振找水仪进行实际测试,结果证明与讨论结果一致.本文得出的传递特性影响因素和接收信号质量评估方法,可以为不同类型核磁共振找水仪天线的设计提供依据,将促使核磁共振方法在复杂地形环境找水及隧道、矿井灾害水源探测等方面得到有效应用. 相似文献
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磁共振探测技术（Magnetic Resonance Sounding,MRS）以其无损、定量、直接等优势,被广泛应用于地下水调查、水文环境评价以及灾害水源预警等领域.在实际应用中,强工频谐波和随机噪声等严重影响MRS信号的质量,导致后续水文参数解释不准确.针对这一问题,提出谐波建模和自相关相结合的方法进行消噪以及信号特征参数提取.首先构建工频谐波模型,针对建模算法严重依赖工频基频精度的问题,采用自适应扫描方式搜索方案,大幅提高搜索准确度和速度;其次推导了MRS信号自相关表达式,提出了自相关参数提取的非线性拟合方法.仿真数据结果表明,建模消噪方法有效消除了工频谐波,信噪比平均提升了17.03 dB;自相关处理后,信噪比进一步提升了16.10 dB,初始振幅和弛豫时间参数提取结果的准确度比处理前分别提高了3.8倍和2.8倍.通过不同信噪比和弛豫时间的重复实验,得到当噪声水平小于200 nV和弛豫时间大于200 ms时,自相关参数提取具有较高的稳定性.最后,通过野外实测数据处理实验,进一步验证了联合消噪和参数提取方法的有效性. 相似文献
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M. Boucher J.-F. Girard A. Legchenko J.-M. Baltassat N. Drfliger K. Chalikakis 《Journal of Hydrology》2006,330(3-4):413-421
A new methodology for magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) data acquisition and interpretation was developed for locating water-filled karst cavities. This methodology was used to investigate the Ouysse karst system in the Poumeyssens shaft in the Causse de Gramat (France). A new 2D numerical MRS response model was designed for improved accuracy over the previous 1D MRS approach. A special survey performed by cave divers confirmed the accuracy of the MRS results. Field results demonstrated that in favourable conditions (a low EM noise environment and a relatively shallow, large target) the MRS method, used with a coincident transmitter/receiver loop, can be an effective tool for locating a water-filled karst conduit. It was shown numerically that because an a priori orientation of the MRS profile with the karst conduit is used in the inversion scheme (perpendicular for instance), any error in this assumption introduces an additional error in locating the karst. However, the resulting error is within acceptable limits when the deviation is less than 30°. The MRS results were compared with an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey. It was found that in Poumeyssens, ERT is not able to locate the water-filled karst. On the other hand, ERT provides additional information about heterogeneities in the limestone. 相似文献
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Direct and indirect methods for groundwater investigations: A case-study of MRS and VES in the southern part of Sweden 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) has been successfully tested for detecting groundwater in two areas in southern Sweden. Measurements of Schlumberger VES have been conducted in the same place as the MRS and the results are generally consistent. Low resistivity layers interpreted as clay are sometimes identified close to the surface. The MRS result in site 2 is a good example of signals penetrating through the clay and deeper aquifer still being detected. The MRS data suggest aquifers that are not only hosted in soft sediment materials (moraine, sand, and mixed materials), but hosted in basement rocks. Based on the MRS and borehole pumping test data, the results agree with yield, average water content and subsurface geological data. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,67(3-4):94-103
When performing forward modelling and inversion of Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) data, the water-content distribution is typically assumed to be horizontal (1D case). This assumption is fully justified because MRS is often used for characterizing continuous aquifers in a nearly flat environment. However, MRS can also be used in areas with sharp topographical variations. Following a review of the standard MRS equations when using a coincident transmitter/receiver loop, the mathematical terms potentially affected by tilting of the loop are discussed. We present the results of a numerical modelling exercise, studying a case where the surface is not horizontal and the loop cannot be considered to be parallel to the top of the aquifer. This shows that maximum variations in the MRS-signal amplitude are caused mainly by north- or south-dipping slopes. Slope effects depend on the loop size (a larger loop produces a larger error) especially in the presence of shallow water. With a geomagnetic-field inclination of 65° and a slope angle ≤ 10°, the topography causes a maximum variation in amplitude of less than 10%. Near magnetic poles and equator, the slope effect is lower and undetectable in most cases. It was found that within a 10% range of variation in the amplitude, errors introduced into inversions are within the typical uncertainty for MRS inversion and hence no topographic corrections are necessary. Thus, a significant effect from non-horizontal topography might be expected only when data uncertainty is lower than the slope effect (the slope effect is lower than equivalence when data quality is poor). Today, most field data sets are inverted using the modulus of the MRS signal, but some new developments consider the complex signal (both modulus and phase). However, inversion of complex MRS signals, which would provide a higher sensitivity to groundwater distribution, may be affected by slope effect. Thus, the slope orientation and dip angle should be accurately measured in the field when the phase of MRS signals is inverted too. 相似文献
18.
地面核磁共振方法是一种直接探测地下水信息的地球物理勘查方法,本文将该无损探测技术用于土石坝的渗流安全评估试验。由于探测的核磁共振信号源于地下水中的氢质子,则可以确保核磁共振响应仅与地下水信息有关。利用地面核磁共振方法直接找水的技术优势,探测堤坝的浸润面,以判断堤坝的渗流(漏)隐患,为堤坝尤其是小型病险水库堤坝、易发事故的堤防的病险诊断提供一种便捷、高效和可重复利用的方法。通过NUMISPOLY多道核磁共振探测系统在某原体大坝检测中的试验,得到原体大坝的浸润面,进而对土石坝进行渗流(漏)隐患的评估,该方法为堤坝渗流(漏)隐患探测提供了一种有效而可靠的新方法。 相似文献
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利用核磁共振方法探查岩溶水 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）找水方法是目前唯一直接找水的物探新方法,该方法可以探查各种类型的地下水。本文仅论述了在岩溶发育区常规电阻率方法找水时遇到的地质干扰。ＮＭＲ找水方法的原理,仪器的组成,并以实例说明了ＮＭＲ找水方法探查岩溶水的效果。 相似文献
20.
Localization of saturated karst aquifer with magnetic resonance sounding and resistivity imagery 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Vouillamoz JM Legchenko A Albouy Y Bakalowicz M Baltassat JM Al-Fares W 《Ground water》2003,41(5):578-586
To answer one of the main questions of hydrogeologists implementing boreholes or working on pollution questions in a karst environment--i.e., where is the ground water?--numerous tools including geophysics are used. However, the contribution of geophysics differs from one method to the other. The magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method has the advantage of direct detection of ground water over other geophysical methods. Eight MRSs were implemented over a known karst conduit explored and mapped by speleologists to estimate the MRS ability to localize ground water. Two direct current resistivity imageries (DC-2D imagery) were also implemented to check their capability to map a known cave. We found that the MRS is a useful tool to locate ground water in karst as soon as the quantity of water is enough to be detected. The threshold quantity is a function of depth and it was estimated by forward modeling to propose a support graph to hydrogeologists. The measured MRS's signals could be used to calculate transmissivity and permeability estimators. These estimators were used to map and to draw a cross section of the case study site, which underline accurately the known karst conduit location and depth. We also found that the DC-2D imagery could underline the karst structures: It was able to detect the known cave through its associated faults. We prepared a computer simulation to check the depth of such a cave to induce resistivity anomaly which could be measured in similar conditions. 相似文献