共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 98 毫秒
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地震预警技术是减轻地震灾害的有效手段之一,而在预警系统中,震级的测定是最重要,也是最困难的。考虑到地震预警震级估算方法的区域性特点,本文利用内蒙古测震台网2016～2018年M_L≥2. 0地震波形数据共120条,分别采用P波3s时间窗内垂直向位移时程和P波全波段垂直向位移时程计算特征周期参数值,得到了地震预警震级的计算公式,并对其结果进行对比分析。结果显示,采用P波全波段关系式得到的结果较采用P波3s固定时间窗计算值收敛性更好,关系式拟合相关系数更接近1,能够对预警地震震级做出较好的估计。同时结合数据处理结果,探讨了地震预警的警报快速性和准确性之间的关系。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(4)
基于地震预警中不同预警参数估算的震级差别很大,且原因不清楚,使得震级估算的准确性难以得到保证。利用井下基岩观测点的强震动记录可以最大限度减少场地条件的影响,震级估算具有干扰小、质量高的优点。选用日本Kik-net 358个台站井下基岩观测点的14 423条强震动记录数据,通过分析预警参数τ~p_(max)、τ_c、τ_(log)、P_d、IV~2分别在P波初至1 s、2 s、3 s等时段下的震级估算效果,揭示了以前未有解释的造成基于各参数估算的震级差异的原因,并给出一种震级持续估算方法。本文发现:τ~p_(max)受场地条件影响明显,建议采用基岩场地强震动记录数据进行计算;τ_c和τ_(log)受加速度记录积分计算影响容易使得震级估算偏大;P_d采用P波初至4 s进行计算,可以避免6.5～7.2级地震的震级饱和。提出了实时调整预警参数的震级持续估算方法,即基岩强震动记录的初至1 s、2 s P波的τ~p_(max)估算震级,初至3 s P波的P_d估算震级,并以初至4 s地震波的P_d估算震级作为最终的估算震级。 相似文献
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为了及时、准确、可靠地发出地震预警信息,本文提出了一种基于贝叶斯理论的地震P波双参数预警方法。选取中国地震台网中心记录的四川地区的355条地震数据,统计P波触发后前3 s的P波平均周期τc和位移幅值Pd,结合贝叶斯理论建立震级和峰值加速度的预测模型,并以震级M4.5和峰值加速度为120 cm/s2为预警阈值,建立了地震危害性判别模型。与传统拟合方法进行对比仿真分析,并以汶川MS8.0地震为震例,进行地震危害性判别实验与分析。实验结果表明:本文提出的基于贝叶斯理论的地震 P 波双参数预警方法比传统拟合方法地震漏报率低 15.15%,可以快速、准确地估计震级与峰值加速度,并有效地评估地震的危害性,能够为地震监测预警提供数据支持和决策依据。 相似文献
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地面运动时程强度包络函数的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文根据地震动时程强度变化分为上升、持续平稳、下降三个阶段的特点,首先从单个记录入手,分别研究确定了不同震级、距离、场地记录的包络参数,然后将与全部记录对应的包络参数用统计方法拟合它们随震级、距离、场地条件变化的衰减关系。结果表明,时程强度包络线的上升时间t_1与P波、S波传播至观测点的到时差相关,随R的增大而加长;下降段则随M、R增大而减缓;中间平稳持续段长度T_s随M、R增大呈增长趋势,但在近场区首次发现T_s具有大震饱和特性。包络函数还与场地条件有关,它将常规的强振持时概括其中,更全面反映了时程强度包络变化的特征。 相似文献
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本文发展了一种单台检测低频地震事件的方法, 并用其检测2008年汶川MS8.0地震、 2013年芦山MS7.0地震震前的低频事件。 使用汶川地震、 芦山地震前周边的宽频带台站数月的垂直向连续波形, 经过2~8 Hz带通滤波、 窗长为10 s的包络平滑、 窗长为20 min的中值滤波, 去除近场天然地震及远场大震与低频噪声的影响后, 发现这两个大地震前有少数台站在连续数天的时间内, 出现持续时间长(数十分钟到数小时)、 包络中值明显大于背景噪声的现象, 其波形记录及包络特征与非火山震颤(NVT)的波形记录及包络特征具有较好的相似性, 我们认为这是汶川地震和芦山地震前的疑似慢地震事件。 初步应用表明, 本文所用的方法对于从宽频带连续波形资料中提取NVT信号是可行的。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献