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1 研究背景
郯城—庐江断裂带(郯庐断裂带)是我国东部规模最大、延伸最长的深大断裂带,也是我国地震危险性最高的断裂构造之一.据史料记载,1668年郯城8?级地震(史称郯城大地震,位于郯城、临沂、临沭三县交界处)发生在该断裂潍坊—嘉山段郯城附近.近年来,郯庐断裂带第四纪活动地质证据被陆续发现,如郯庐断裂带江苏段全新世活动(曹筠等, 2018)以及郯庐断裂带北段(依兰—伊通断裂黑龙江通河段、吉林舒兰段,以往认为不具活动性)第四纪晚期活动证据(闵伟等,2013).此外,一些原有第四纪活动段,如新沂—五河段、乌云山—合肥段(郑颖平等,2014)等,也在近年被发现了活动证据. 相似文献
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通过对郯庐断裂带江苏新沂—安徽宿松段历史及现代地震活动性分析、地震地质调查结果及沿线跨断层水准测量结果的综合分析,认为郯庐断裂带新沂—宿松段近期地震危险性主要位于新沂—泗县一带和明光一带,其中新沂—泗县一带近期有发生Ms5.0～6.0级地震的活动背景;明光一带近期有发生Ms5.0级地震的活动背景. 相似文献
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通过对郯庐断裂带中南段近20年的跨断层定点水准测量资料的处理与分析,初步总结了郯庐断裂带中南段断层垂直形变的时空活动特征。2000—2019年郯庐断裂带中南段断层垂直形变活动整体水平不高,平均合成速率为0.19 mm/a,但具有明显的分时活动特征。2000—2010年槐柏—宿迁段活动相对较大,新沂—临沂段活动相对较小,宿迁和新沂之间存在相对闭锁段;2011—2019年整体活动速率有所降低,但安丘测点活动速率相对2000—2011年增大明显。郯庐断裂带中南段的活动特征和近20年来该地区地震活动情况存在一定的对应关系。 相似文献
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分析了江苏新沂地震台的短水准、地电阻率两种前兆资料的变化情况，研究了其与郯庐断裂带南段地震活动的关系。结果表明，新沂台前兆资料的变化能发现郯庐断裂带南段的强烈活动，对该断裂带上3．0级以上的地震有一定程度的反映。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带鲁苏沂沭段由几务平行的深大断裂构成。地震波传播通过郯庐断裂带会产生多次的反射与折射,适当的条件下会产生断层隔震效应。本文报告了江苏地区在汶川地震中的人员反应,根据弹性波传播理论分析了江苏境内的汶川地震记录。分析结果表明,郯庐断裂带在嘉山以北为郯庐断裂带鲁苏沂沭段,几条平行的深大断裂有隔震效应,汶川与嘉山南侧的连线形成一条地震动屏蔽线。在此线以北,郯庐断裂带鲁苏沂沭段阻碍了地震波的传播,其东侧,紧邻郯庐断裂带并为郯庐断裂带屏蔽的强震观测台如宿迁台、新沂台和淮安台都没有触发,这表明了郯庐断裂带对地震波的隔震作用。 相似文献
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用多震相地震走时成像法反演郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及邻区三维地壳速度结构。一些地区如郯庐断裂带临沭到定远及以东地区在中地壳的20~25km出现低速层,一些地区莫霍面埋深有变化。浅层速度结构的分段与断裂活动的分段相一致,表明新沂到泗洪是活动断裂的闭锁段。对比1668年山东郯城8级地震区和研究区的深部速度结构,结合与郯庐带相交的断裂、地震活动、活动断裂的闭锁段、中地壳低速层及莫霍面深度变化,综合判断郯庐断裂带江苏段未来可能发生大震的地区为33.4°~34.1°N,118.2°~118.8°E,重点是宿迁、沭阳、泗阳和泗洪。震级估计可达8级。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(4)
郯庐断裂带穿越中国东部鲁、苏、皖等3省,文中称此段为郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段。通过地震地质、深地震勘探、天然地震层析成像、地震活动、地貌和现今地壳运动速度场等方面资料的分析和对比研究,根据历史地震重演原则和地质构造类比原则,对郯庐断裂带鲁苏晥段未来强震的可能发生地段进行了探讨。泗洪南(王集)—嘉山一带与1668年郯城8级地震震中地区对比分析发现,两处在深、浅部地质构造、新构造运动、地震活动性等方面存在较大的相似性。结合郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段7级及以上强震的分布及其重现周期等方面综合分析,初步认为,郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段在泗洪南(王集)—嘉山一带存在发生7级或7级以上强地震的可能性。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带地震活动特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文较为详细地研究了郯庐断裂带及附近地区的地震活动，其主要结果为：１、郯庐断裂带地震活动由四个地震活动区段组成，该带活动的主体区段是那城─—渤海─—海城．２、郯庐断裂带地震活动的周期性是形成邦城─—海城区段中强地震活动的主要原因．３、郯庐断裂带中北段（邦城─—海城）Ｍ≥６．０级地震具有较好的迁移规律．４、郯庐断裂带近代小震活动表现出南段随机性，中段呈线性，北段具有密集区带性等特点。５、郯庐断裂带震源深度表现出南、北段浅，中段深，且散度大的特点。６、郯庐断裂带Ｑ值分布表明，沂沭带介质强度的完整性较差。 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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The developed dynamic model of the main geomagnetic field (MGF) includes the sources of three levels, which have existed and continuously changed during the 100-year period. The spatial-temporal dynamics of the secular variations in MGF has been considered based on this model. It has been indicated that, at different times, the formation of anomalies (located in similar regions) depended on the total dynamics of different combinations of sources, including a change in the parameters of the dipoles of the secondorder smallness. Anomalies generated by the dynamics of the dipoles of the third-order smallness do not evidently manifest themselves in the total secular variations but are responsible for the specific shapes of isodynamic lines. Based on the stability and continuity of the constructed model, the conclusion is made that long-living turbulent flows of different scales can exist in the liquid core. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Site response in the Qionghai Basin in the Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Amplification effects of soil site response can significantly impact ground motions, and must be considered in the seismic fortification of buildings/structures to prevent or mitigate this potential seismic hazard. Utilizing acceleration time histories from the main shock of the Wenchuan earthquake recorded at four stations (i.e., one on bedrock and three on soil) in the Qionghai Basin, the site responses from three soil sites are studied by using the traditional spectral ratio method. The bedrock site is selected as a reference site. This study found that peak ground accelerations (PGAs) on the soil sites are much larger than on bedrock, with EW, NS and UD components of 3.96–6.58, 6.27–10.98, and 3.17–6.66 times those of the bedrock site, respectively. The amplification effects of the soil sites on ground motions in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz are significant, depending on the thickness of the soil layer and the frequency content of the site. A significant amplification occurs with high frequency components of ground motion at shallow soil sites, and low and high frequency components of ground motion at intermediate soil sites. 相似文献
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浙江省北部及邻区中强地震前地倾斜异常特征及其预测意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
钟羽云 《地震地磁观测与研究》1998,(3)
解释并讨论了湖州和宁波台１９９３年以来的地倾斜资料,总结了震前有异常显示的６次地震。发现：①异常在现场记录资料中均有显示,异常形态的识别对预报地震有重要的意义;②能观测到异常全过程的倾斜仪与震中的距离基本符合式ｌｇＤｊ＝０．３０３（ＭＳ＋１．６）给出的监测能力半径,大于这个半径的台有时也能观测到异常,但多为短临异常。如果震前记录到异常的全过程,则利用单台资料可能对地震三要素进行预测。 相似文献
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Yu. F. Moroz T. A. Moroz V. A. Loginov A. G. Nurmukhamedov D. A. Alekseev 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2016,52(1):29-44
The results of the magnetotelluric (MT) soundings before and after an earthquake are analyzed. The interpretation is based on the longitudinal and transverse MT curves (along and across the strike of the main tectonic elements, respectively). The MT curves are distorted by the ρ- and coast effect. The distortions due to the coast effect are estimated by the testing three-dimensional (3D) model. It is established that the coast effect distortion at the periods up to 1000 s is small and can be disregarded. The divergence of the longitudinal and transverse MT curves, which points to the presence of the deep faults, is thoroughly studied. The inversion of the MTsounding curves is carried out by the REBOCC program of the numerical two-dimensional modeling. This program implements the procedures of elimination of the ρ-effect and the joint inversion of the longitudinal and transverse MT sounding curves. The obtained geoelectrical cross sections provide an insight into the structure of electrical conductivity of the lithosphere before and after the earthquake. The more intense variations in the electric conductivity are observed in the zone of the deep faults. These variations are related to the changes in the porosity and saturation of the rocks by the highly mineralized fluids. 相似文献
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The continuous increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is expected to cool higher levels of the atmosphere. There is some direct and indirect experimental evidence of long-term trends in temperature and other parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Here we look for long-term trends in the annual and semiannual variations of the radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere, which corresponds to the MLT region heights. Data from central and southeastern Europe are used. A consistent tendency to a positive trend in the amplitude of the semiannual wave appears to be observed. The reality of a similar tendency in the amplitude of the annual wave is questionable in the sense that the trend in the amplitude of the annual wave is probably induced by the trend in the yearly average values of absorption. The phases of both the annual and semiannual waves display a forward tendency, i.e. shift to an earlier time in the year. A tentative interpretation of these results in terms of changes of the seasonal variation of temperature and wind at MLT heights does not contradict the trends observed in those parameters. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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George E. Backus 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1982,28(3):191-214
A rigorous singular perturbation theory is developed to estimate the electric field E produced in the mantle M by the core dynamo when the electrical conductivity σ in M depends only on radius r, and when |r?rln σ| ? 1 in most of M. It is assumed that σ has only one local minimum in M, either (a) at the Earth's surface ?V, or (b) at a radius b inside the mantle, or (c) at the core-mantle boundary ?K. In all three cases, the region where σ is no more than e times its minimum value constitutes a thin critical layer; in case (a), the radial electric field Er ≈ 0 there, while in cases (b) and (c), Er is very large there. Outside the critical layer, Er ≈ 0 in all three cases. In no case is the tangential electric field ES small, nearly toroidal, or nearly calculable from the magnetic vector potential A as ??tAS. The defects in Muth's (1979) argument which led him to contrary conclusions are identified. Benton (1979) cited Muth's work to argue that the core-fluid velocity u just below ?K can be estimated from measurements on ?V of the magnetic field B and its time derivative . A simple model for westward drift is discussed which shows that Benton's conclusion is also wrong.In case (a), it is shown that knowledge of σ in M is unnecessary for estimating ES on ?K with a relative error |r?r 1nσ|?1from measurements of ES on ?V and knowledge of ?tB in M (calculable from ?tB on ?V if σ is small). Then, in case (a), u just below ?K can be estimated as . The method is impractical unless the contribution to ES on ?V from ocean currents can be removed.The perturbation theory appropriate when σ in M is small is considered briefly; smallness of σ and of |r?r ln σ|?1 a independent questions. It is found that as σ → 0, B approaches the vacuum field in M but E does not; the explanation lies in the hydromagnetic approximation, which is certainly valid in M but fails as σ → 0. It is also found that the singular perturbation theory for |r?r ln σ|?1 is a useful tool in the perturbation calculations for σ when both σ and |r?r ln σ|?1 are small. 相似文献
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Matthias Koschorreck Katrin Wendt-Potthoff Burkhard Scharf Hans H. Richnow 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
The biogeochemistry of methane in the sediments of Lake Caviahue was examined by geochemical analysis, microbial activity assays and isotopic analysis. The pH in the water column was 2.6 and increased up to a pH of 6 in the deeper sediment pore waters. The carbon isotope composition of CH4 was between − 65 and − 70‰ which is indicative for the biological origin of the methane. The enrichment factor ε increased from − 46‰ in the upper sediment column to more than − 80 in the deeper sediment section suggesting a transition from acetoclastic methanogenesis to CO2 reduction with depth. In the most acidic surface layer of the sediment (pH < 4) methanogenesis is inhibited as suggested by a linear CH4 concentration profile, activity assays and MPN analysis. The CH4 activity assays and the CH4 profile indicate that methanogenesis in the sediment of Lake Caviahue was active below 40 cm depth. At that depth the pH was above 4 and sulfate reduction was sulfate limited. Methane was diffusing with a flux of 0.9 mmol m− 2 d− 1 to the sediment surface where it was probably oxidized. Methanogenesis contributed little to the sediments carbon budget and had no significant impact on lake water quality. The high biomass content of the sediment, which was probably caused by the last eruption of Copahue Volcano, supported high rates of sulfate reduction which probably raised the pH and created favorable conditions for methanogens in deeper sediment layers. 相似文献