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地震方法在断层活动性评价中的应用研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
地震方法是评价断层活动性的主要手段之一．调查活动断层所使用的地震方法有反射纵波和剪切波分裂法．在对基岩断层的活动性评价中,反射纵波法根据基岩断层是否向上延伸到第四系Q3地层内,而剪切波分裂法则根据由剪切波分裂所确定的Q3地层内的各向异性．当基岩断层向第四系延伸幅度较大,即第四系地层内断层落差较大时,可采用反射纵波法;当基岩断层活动引起的第四系地层内的断层落差较小,反射纵波法不能对其分辨时,可采用剪切波分裂法． 相似文献
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用浅层折射和反射联合勘探方法在京－沪高速公路沂河桥址区进行隐伏断层和岩性垂直分带控测试验,试验是在宽约４００ｍ的水面上进行的。工作区第四系沉积层和下伏基岩对采用纵波速度作为探测物理量是敏感的,采用ＥＳ－２４０１高分辨率数字地震仪和“五小二高”的工作方法,全方位拾取折射和反射波信息,强化地质推断解释的可靠性,探测试验取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价主要成果简介 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以乌鲁木齐市建成区和规划区作为探测目标区,对区内的活动断层及其深部发震构造进行了系统的探测,对活动断层的危险性和危害性进行了初步评价。根据断层活动性鉴定,确定目标区内存在2组全新世活动断层,即王家沟断层组和九家湾断层组。前者为近EW向的北倾逆断层,后者为NE走向的北倾正断层。晚更新世活动断层为八钢-石化隐伏断层、西山断层、碗窑沟断层和白杨南沟断层。深部发震构造探测揭示出目标区所处的北天山山前薄皮推覆构造及其前缘逆断层-褶皱的清楚结构,结合流动地震观测和小震精确定位等,建立了目标区活动断层的发震构造模型。通过古地震探槽和地震活动性研究对目标区全新世活动断层和晚更新世活动断层的地震危险性进行了评价;并在此基础上对可能发生的直下型大地震所引起的强地震动进行了预测,对全新世活动断层可能产生的地表错动带和晚更新世活动断层可能引起的地表变形带进行了预测 相似文献
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断层气探测方法在深隐伏活断层探测中的有效性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
断层气探测方法是活动断层探测中常用的一种方法。 实践证明, 这种方法在浅覆盖地区活动断层初勘阶段是有效的。 但在第四系厚覆盖地区开展活断层探测, 断层气方法是否有效或怎样做有助于提高该方法的有效性, 是本文要阐述的问题。 本文利用天津地区断层气实测的丰富资料, 并与人工地震、 钻孔勘探、 样品年代学测定资料进行对比分析, 论证了断层气方法在深隐伏活断层空间位置、 断层活动性判定和断层分段中的有效性。 并依据实际工作经验, 给出了提高断层气方法在活断层探测中有效性的技术途径。 相似文献
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针对城市活断层浅层地震探测的一些技术问题,在兰州盆地的金城关断层和刘家堡断层沿线开展活断层浅层(50 m以内)地震勘探技术研究.主要采用纵波和横波多次覆盖共CMP点地震反射方法,获得了目标场地地震图像资料,尤其横波地震剖面更加清晰地反映出超浅层构造空间特征.以红艺村测线(HYC)和师范学校西测线(SFXX)为例,分析总结了数据采集、资料处理、剖面解释三方面浅层活断层地震探测的技术要点.结果可以为兰州市及类似复杂构造地区活断层地震调查提供技术参考. 相似文献
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利用井间地震层析成像方法探测隐伏断层 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前隐伏断层探测中存在的技术难题,提出了在地面反射地震勘探初步确定的断点附近,用井间地震层析成像方法探测隐伏断层及其上断点的埋深。首先介绍井间地震技术的应用现状和井间地震层析成像的基本原理,并结合实例讨论了井间初至走时层析成像的野外数据采集和室内资料处理方法。芦花台隐伏断层的井间地震层析成像结果表明,采用弯曲射线追踪方法反演得到的跨芦花台隐伏断层的井间纵波速度结构图像与钻孔联合剖面揭示的断层特征相吻合。 相似文献
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目前国内外对目标层埋深仅有几十米（甚至十几米）的超浅层地震勘探经验不多，理论研究也不够深入。本文从城市活断层探测的角度出发，利用地质学、地球物理学及数学等学科中的相关理论和方法，探讨超浅层地震勘探在青岛复杂地质构造背景下取得有效探测结果的前提条件，并对青岛市主要活断层的典型剖面进行重点研究，力求在城市活断层超浅层地震勘探数据采集技术、数据处理等方面有所进展，为青岛及类似地质构造背景的地区开展活动断层超浅层地震探测提供参考。研究表明超浅层地震反射波法可以获取深度仅有十几米的地层反射信号，且大部分反射剖面都可较清楚地揭示出超浅部断层位置和断层特征。 相似文献
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At present, there is less theoretical research and practical experience in the aspect of ultra-shallow seismic exploration to the target layers at depths of only tens of meters both at home and abroad. Seismic exploration plays an important role in the location of faults and active structures, but the depth dozens of meters below the ground surface is the blind area of any kind of deep and shallow seismic exploration. Starting from the point of view of detecting urban active faults, and using related theories and methods of geology, geophysics and mathematics, the paper discusses the preconditions for acquiring efficient ultra-shallow seismic survey results in complicated geological backgrounds in Qingdao. Taking the Qingdao area as an example in this paper, we study the depth condition of Quaternary deposits, and apply 4-8 stacking folds to satisfy the requirement to get the exploration results with high-resolution and high-SNR. Preliminary results reveal that selecting a proper surveillance layout is one of the keys to acquire authentic exploration results in ultra-shallow P-wave reflection exploration. Our results also show that ultra-shallow seismic reflection method in detecting faults in the Qingdao area has good application prospects. 相似文献
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北西走向的桥头集-东关断裂与郯庐断裂带南段相交切，横跨合肥盆地及其东缘的隆起区，在合肥盆地内呈隐伏状态。本研究跨桥头集-东关断裂合肥盆地段布设3条浅层地震勘探测线，揭示断裂浅部构造特征。解译出的FP1、FP2和FP3断层性质相同，倾向一致，上断点深度相近，反映出桥头集-东关断裂合肥盆地段是一条走向NW、倾向SW、具有逆断分量的断裂。3条浅层地震反射剖面中第四系的底界面反射波组TQ呈连续近水平展布，表明桥头集-东关断裂两侧的第四系厚度无明显变化。在浅震剖面解译的基础上，布设了1条跨断层钻孔联合剖面，剖面揭露出的第四系没有被错动。结合本区第四系地层发育情况及钻孔地层年龄分析，认为桥头集-东关断裂中更新世以来不活动。根据本文探测结果，尚不能排除桥头集-东关断裂早更新世有一定的弱活动。 相似文献
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ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎａｓｅｓｍｅｎｔｏｆａｃｔｉｖｅｆａｕｌｔＭＩＮＧＣＡＩＸＵ（徐明才）ＪＩＮＧＨＵＡＧＡＯ（高景华）ＭＩＮＧＴＡＯＣＨＡＩ（柴铭涛）ＧＵＡＮＧＫＥＷＡＮＧ（王广科）ＪＩ... 相似文献
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应用浅层地震勘探法对宁夏吴忠地区北部的浅部地壳结构和隐伏活动断裂进行研究。结果表明,该区存在2条隐伏断裂,分别为银川主断层南段和新华桥断层。推测银川主断层南段为近SN走向的W倾正断层,断层下盘地层界面一般呈近水平状展布,而在断层上盘,T_Q及其以下的地层界面向断面方向倾伏并显示出逆牵引现象,断层向上错断了第四系内部。钻孔联合地质剖面及浅层地震探测结果共同揭示新华桥断层为一条走向NE,倾向SW的正断层,深、浅地震测线控制的新华桥断层延伸长度9 km左右,向上错断了第四系内部的T_(02)界面。 相似文献
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栟茶河断裂自20世纪50年代石油部门勘探发现以来,由于缺乏确凿的证据,地学家们对其活动性一直存在争议。目标断裂所在测区基岩顶面埋深约在800~1 600m,单一的地震勘探方法难以深浅兼顾且单波勘探经常存在局限性。为了调查栟茶河断裂的空间位置、产状及性质,重新厘定其活动性,在同一条测线上同时进行高分辨率的浅层地震P波和SH波勘探,通过采用不同的地震波激发震源和观测系统参数,获得沿测线不同埋藏深度的地下细结构图像,揭示栟茶河断裂的形态和特征,尤其SH波地震剖面更加清晰地反映出超浅层地层和构造空间特征。结果表明,测线控制范围内的栟茶河断裂为近东西走向、视倾角约为60~75°、倾向N的正断层,该断层错断了新近纪和早第四纪地层,有可能断错了晚更新世地层。本文的纵、横波联合勘探实例证实了多波勘探的优越性。 相似文献
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浅层人工地震勘探是探查城市隐伏活动断层最有效的手段之一,然而受近地表探测盲区和探测分辨率的限制,该方法难以获取活动断层超浅层上断点的准确埋深位置。地质雷达探测方法在一定程度上可弥补浅层人工地震勘探的不足。为探索浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测的联合应用效果,分析其在城市隐伏活动断层探测中的应用潜力,选取河南省鹤壁市汤东断裂西支为研究对象,并在冯屯村和前交卸村分别开展联合探测,获取高信噪比的浅层人工地震反射剖面和地质雷达剖面。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的冯屯村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为60～70 m,地质雷达探测揭示的上断点埋深约为2.5 m,结合平均沉积速率推测汤东断裂西支在冯屯村的最新活动时代约为25 ka。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的前交卸村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为50～60 m,地质雷达探测揭示出汤东断裂西支在前交卸村处未造成近地表约10 m以内的地层断错。研究结果表明,在城市隐伏活动断层探测中,采用浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测相结合的方法,不但可有效确定活动断层的位置,且可进一步约束活动断层上断点的准确埋深,有利于指导后期地震地质勘探中的探槽和钻孔布设。 相似文献
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RESEARCH ON NEOGENE-QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SHALLOW TECTONIC FEATURES IN THE NORTH SECTION OF DAXING FAULT ZONE BASED ON SHALLOW SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILING 
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下载免费PDF全文 HE Fu-bing XU Xi-wei HE Zhen-jun ZHANG Xiao-liang LIU Li-yan ZHANG Wei WEI Bo NI Jing-bo 《地震地质》1979,42(4):893-908
The Daxing Fault is an important buried fault in the Beijing sub-plain, which is also the boundary fault of the structural unit between Langgu sub-sag and Daxing sub-uplift. So far, there is a lack of data on the shallow tectonic features of the Daxing Fault, especially for the key structural part of its northern section where it joins with the Xiadian Fault. In this paper, the fine stratigraphic classifications and shallow tectonic features of the northern section in the main Daxing Fault are explored by using three NW-trending shallow seismic reflection profiles. These profiles pass through the Daxing earthquake(M6¾)area in 1057AD and the northern section of the main Daxing Fault. The results show that seven strong reflection layers(T01—T03, TQ and T11—T13)are recognized in the strata of Neogene and Quaternary beneath the investigated area. The largest depth of strong reflection layer(T13)is about 550~850ms, which is interpreted as an important surface of unconformity between Neogene and Paleogene or basement rock. The remaining reflection layers, such as T01 and TQ, are interpreted as internal interfaces in Neogene to Quaternary strata. There are different rupture surfaces and slip as well as obviously different structural features of the Daxing Fault revealed in three shallow seismic reflection profiles. The two profiles(2-7 and 2-8)show obvious rupture surfaces, which are the expression of Daxing Fault in shallow strata. Along the profile(2-6), which is located at the end of the Daxing fault structure, a triangle deformation zone or bending fracture can be identified, implying that the Daxing Fault is manifested as bending deformation instead of rupture surfaces at its end section. This unique structural feature can be explained by a shearing motion at the end of extensional normal fault. Therefore, the Daxing Fault exhibits obviously different tectonic features of deformation or displacement at different structural locations. The attitude and displacement of the fault at the shallow part are also different to some extent. From the southwest section to the northeast section of the fault, the dip angle gradually becomes gentler(80°~60°), the upper breakpoint becomes deeper(160~600m), and the fault displacement in Neogene to Quaternary strata decreases(80~0m). Three shallow seismic reflection profiles also reveal that the Daxing Fault is a normal fault during Neogene to early Quaternary, and the deformation or displacement caused by the activity of the fault reaches the reflection layer T02. This depth is equivalent to the sedimentary strata of late Early-Pleistocene. Therefore, the geometry and morphology of the Daxing Fault also reveal that the early normal fault activity has continued into the Early Pleistocene, but the evidence of activity is not obvious since the late Pleistocene. The earthquakes occurring along the Daxing Fault, such as Daxing earthquake(M6¾)in 1057AD, may not have much relation with this extensional normal fault, but with another new strike-slip fault. A series of focal mechanism solutions of modern earthquakes reveal that the seismic activity is closely related to the strike-slip fault. The Daxing Fault extends also downwards into the lower crust, and may be cut by the steeply dipping new Xiadian Fault on deep seismic reflection profile. The northern section of the Daxing Fault strikes NNE, with a length of about 23km, arranged in a right step pattern with the Xiadian Fault. Transrotational basins have been developed in the junction between the northern Daxing Fault and the southern Xiadian Fault. Such combined tectonic features of the Daxing Fault and Xiadian Fault evolute independently under the extensional structure background and control the development of the Langgu sub-sag and Dachang sub-sag, respectively. 相似文献
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Because of the frequent seismic activity in Songyuan in recent years, the modes of tectonic movement in this area since the Quaternary have attracted increasing consideration. This paper selects the Gudian Fault which locates between the southeast uplift and central depression of Songliao Basin as the research object. We discussed the Quaternary structural characteristics of the Gudian Fault using growth strata. Using the data of deep seismic reflection prospecting for oil, we determined the location, geometry and kinematics characteristics of the Gudian Fault. And using the shallow seismic reflection prospecting data, the combined drilling exploration data and TL data, we determined precisely the inversion tectonics feature of the fault since late Cenozoic. Based on the above data, we believe that the Gudian Fault is dominated mainly by thrust-folding since Quaternary. A set of growth strata is recognized by shallow seismic reflection exploration data. According to the overlap of growth strata and the relationship between deposition rate and uplift rate, we confirm that the uplift rate of Gudian Fault in the early of Early Pleistocene is less than 0.15mm/a. And according to the offlap of growth strata and the relationship between deposition rate and uplift rate, the uplift rate of the Gudian Fault is more than 0.091mm/a in the late of Early Pleistocene and more than 0.052mm/a in middle Pleistocene. According to the chronological data, it is determined that the uplift rate of the Gudian Fault is 0.046mm/y since 205ka. 相似文献
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简要介绍了在青藏高原拉萨市附近刘吾 -大佛寺间断裂的浅层地震勘探工作 ,并进行了初步的地质解释。结果表明 ,刘吾 -大佛寺间断裂所在区域的速度模型为 5层结构。第 1层至第 4层的介质深度从 0m变化到 2 6 0m ,P波速度 80 0～ 2 0 0 0或 2 80 0m/s,介质为第四纪或第三纪覆盖层 ;第 5层的介质P波速度在 30 0 0～ 4 0 0 0m/s以上 ,其CDP图像分布零散、没有形成较强的反射界面 ,推测该区域为花岗岩类的基岩区。根据反射波组的连贯性、间断性及位置 ,判定在浅层地震勘探剖面 32 0m处存在着刘吾 -大佛寺间断裂 ,它是 1条逆断层 ,倾向NE ,倾角 80°左右 ,其上端点出现在深约 10 0m处 相似文献