共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
北西走向的桥头集-东关断裂与郯庐断裂带南段相交切，横跨合肥盆地及其东缘的隆起区，在合肥盆地内呈隐伏状态。本研究跨桥头集-东关断裂合肥盆地段布设3条浅层地震勘探测线，揭示断裂浅部构造特征。解译出的FP1、FP2和FP3断层性质相同，倾向一致，上断点深度相近，反映出桥头集-东关断裂合肥盆地段是一条走向NW、倾向SW、具有逆断分量的断裂。3条浅层地震反射剖面中第四系的底界面反射波组TQ呈连续近水平展布，表明桥头集-东关断裂两侧的第四系厚度无明显变化。在浅震剖面解译的基础上，布设了1条跨断层钻孔联合剖面，剖面揭露出的第四系没有被错动。结合本区第四系地层发育情况及钻孔地层年龄分析，认为桥头集-东关断裂中更新世以来不活动。根据本文探测结果，尚不能排除桥头集-东关断裂早更新世有一定的弱活动。 相似文献
2.
嫩江断裂带是松辽盆地的西边界断裂,但受第四系强覆盖等研究条件的限制,前人对该断裂第四纪构造活动的研究较少。本文针对该断裂带北段开展了野外地质调查,并综合大地电磁测深和纵波速度结构等结果,初步研究了嫩江断裂带北段的第四纪活动特征。调查发现,该断裂北段主要发育地貌陡坎、基岩滑坡、地层揉皱变形、近垂直擦痕、基岩崩塌与线性断塞塘等特征。探槽古地震研究揭示断裂带北段在（80.9±4.6）—（62.9±2.3）ka BP曾发生1次古地震事件,运动方式为正断,垂直位移量约1.5m,震级约为MS 7.1—7.3,断裂在晚更新世曾发生过强烈活动。研究结果有助于认识了解该断裂和松辽盆地的第四纪构造变形过程,并为评价该断裂及邻区的地震活动潜势提供参考。 相似文献
3.
银川盆地是华北克拉通西部构造活动较为强烈的一个新生代断陷盆地.为了研究银川盆地的地壳浅部结构和活动断裂特征,我们利用2014年在银川盆地完成的深地震反射剖面数据,采用初至波层析成像方法得到了银川盆地高精度的基底P波速度结构和构造形态;考虑到仅根据速度结构剖面还难以确定断裂的准确位置、断层上断点埋深、断层的近地表构造组合样式等特征,研究中还采用浅层地震反射波勘探方法对银川盆地内的隐伏断裂和1739年平罗8.0级地震的地表破裂带浅部结构进行了高分辨率成像.研究结果表明:银川盆地与两侧地块的浅层P波速度结构和沉积盖层厚度差异较大,银川盆地总体呈现出明显的低速结构特征,盆地基底面起伏变化较大,基底最深处位于芦花台断裂和银川断裂之间的银川市下方,其深度约为7000~7200 m;贺兰山隆起区显示为明显的高速特征,地表出露中-古生代基岩地层,缺失新生代地层;鄂尔多斯地块西缘的浅层P波速度明显高于银川盆地,基底埋深相对较浅,推测其新生界地层厚度小于2500 m.浅层地震反射剖面揭示的地层反射界面形态和断裂的浅部构造特征非常清楚,黄河断裂、贺兰山东麓断裂、银川断裂和芦花台断裂不仅是错断盆地基底的断裂,而且还是第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂,这些断裂的交替活动形成了"堑中堑"的盆地结构,并对银川盆地的形成、盆地内的新生代地层厚度和第四纪沉降中心具有重要的控制作用;在近地表这些断裂表现为由2~3条断层组成的"Y字形"断裂构造,且主断裂的最新活动可追踪至晚更新世末期或全新世,是构造继承性活动的结果.本文的研究结果不仅可为进一步分析银川盆地的基底结构、隐伏断裂特征和活动构造研究等提供新的地震学证据,而且还可为该区城市规划中避让活动断层提供科学依据. 相似文献
4.
应用浅层地震勘探法对宁夏吴忠地区北部的浅部地壳结构和隐伏活动断裂进行研究。结果表明,该区存在2条隐伏断裂,分别为银川主断层南段和新华桥断层。推测银川主断层南段为近SN走向的W倾正断层,断层下盘地层界面一般呈近水平状展布,而在断层上盘,T_Q及其以下的地层界面向断面方向倾伏并显示出逆牵引现象,断层向上错断了第四系内部。钻孔联合地质剖面及浅层地震探测结果共同揭示新华桥断层为一条走向NE,倾向SW的正断层,深、浅地震测线控制的新华桥断层延伸长度9 km左右,向上错断了第四系内部的T_(02)界面。 相似文献
5.
碗窑沟断层是乌鲁木齐市主要的晚更新世中期活动断层,在市区与郊区被厚约数十米的第四系所覆盖。本文介绍了在乌鲁木齐市东北郊干扰背景较小地段对碗窑沟断层进行的超浅层纵波反射探测情况。在选取小道间距、适当偏移距、短排列、多次覆盖、高频检波器接收的工作方法和合理数据处理方法基础上,获取了3条典型纵波反射剖面,都可较清楚地分辨出第四系底界和断层位置。表明在探测环境比较好的条件下,采用合适的观测系统,在断层两盘介质存在明显差异的地区可以采用纵波反射方法探测出埋深小于50 m的断层。 相似文献
6.
西淋岗第四纪错断面位于佛山市顺德区陈村镇,有研究者认为这是晚第四纪活动断裂。为了进一步探明该错断面形成的机理,进行了大比例尺地质地貌填图、探槽开挖、浅层地震探测和第四纪地层年代测定等工作。结果表明,该点及其周边地貌上没有最新构造活动的迹象,但符合重力活动的特征。第四纪地层的错断和基岩中的断裂不能配套,不是统一构造应力场的产物。两侧物探反射特征表明,基岩断裂并未错断第四纪地层。根据基础地质条件、工程地质类比和高陡稳定性计算结果判断,该错断面的产生具备重力活动的条件,是重力失衡的结果,而并非由构造作用形成。 相似文献
7.
郯庐断裂带是中国东部最大的一个活动构造带,其内部结构非常复杂,不同区段表现出不同特征的构造样式.本文采用浅层地震反射波成像技术对郯庐断裂带宿迁段的近地表结构进行了高分辨率成像,利用该区已有的深地震反射剖面数据,采用初至波层析成像方法获得了郯庐断裂带的浅层P波速度结构.结果表明,郯庐断裂带宿迁段是一个由多条断裂以及凹陷和隆起构成的复杂构造带,且新生代地层厚度和地震波速分布明显受到断裂的影响与控制.郯庐断裂带的东、西两侧为基底隆起区,近地表速度结构呈现为明显的高速特征,新生代地层厚度小于200m.郯庐断裂带总体显示为低速凹陷结构,新生代地层厚度在300～600m之间变化,最厚处位于宿迁市的陵城镇附近.郯庐断裂带宿迁段主要由5条断裂构成,从这些断裂的上断点埋深和第四纪活动特征来看,郯庐断裂带的东边界断裂F_1和西边界断裂F_4的活动性相对较弱,为第四纪早期活动断裂.断裂F_2和F_3控制了郯庐断裂带内部的新生代凹陷,两者的活动时代分别为中更新世和晚更新世.安丘—莒县断裂F_5位于断裂F_1和F_2之间,由2条相向而倾的分支断层F_5和F_(5-1)构成,其活动时代分别为全新世和晚更新世.研究结果为进一步认识郯庐断裂带宿迁段的近地表特征及其活动性提供了新证据. 相似文献
8.
ZHANG Peng ZHANG Yuan-yuan XU Han-gang LIU Jian-da CHEN Jian-qiang LI Li-mei LI Jin-liang GU Qin-ping JIANG Xin 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1172-1184
Running across the urban areas of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, the NW-trending Su-Xi-Chang Fault is an important buried fault in Yangtze River Delta. In the respect of structural geomorphology, hilly landform is developed along the southwest side of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault, and a series of lakes and relatively low-lying depressions are developed on its northeast side, which is an important landform and neotectonic boundary line. The fault controlled the Jurassic and Cretaceous stratigraphic sedimentary and Cenozoic volcanic activities, and also has obvious control effects on the modern geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphic distribution.
Su-Xi-Chang Fault is one of the target faults of the project "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Changzhou City" and "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Suzhou City". Hidden in the ground with thick cover layer, few researches have been done on this fault in the past. The study on the activity characteristics and the latest activity era of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is of great significance for the prevention and reduction of earthquake disaster losses caused by the destructive earthquakes to the cities of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou.
Based on shallow seismic exploration and drilling joint profiling method, Quaternary activities and distribution characteristics of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault are analyzed systematically. Shallow seismic exploration results show that the south branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Suzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the north-east, with a dip angle of about 60° and a displacement of 3~5m on the bedrock surface. The north branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Changzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the south, with a dip angle of about 55°~70° and a displacement of 4~12m on the bedrock surface. All breakpoints of Su-Xi-Chang Fault on the seismic exploration profiles show that only the bedrock surface was dislocated, not the interior strata of the Quaternary.
On the drilling joint profile in the Dongqiao site of Suzhou, the latest activity of the south branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting, with maximum displacement of 2.9m in the upper part of Lower Pleistocene, and the Middle Pleistocene has not been dislocated by the fault. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 3.7m in the Neogene stratum. On the drilling joint profile in the Chaoyang Road site of Changzhou, the latest activity of the north branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting too, with maximum displacement of 2.8m in the bottom layer of the Middle Pleistocene. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 10.2m in the bedrock surface.
Combining the above results, we conclude that the latest activity era of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is early Middle Pleistocene. The Su-Xi-Chang Fault was dominated by the sinistral normal faulting in the pre-Quaternary period, and turned into sinistral reverse faulting after the early Pleistocene, with displacement of about 3m in the Quaternary strata. The maximum magnitude of potential earthquake on the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is estimated to be 6.0. 相似文献
9.
Viscoelastic modelling reveals that the interaction of compressional-wave velocity Cp, compressional-wave quality factor Qp, shear-wave velocity Cs, shear-wave quality factor Qs and Poisson's ratio as a function of time intercept τ and ray parameter p, is complicated; however, distinct, potentially diagnostic behaviours are seen for different combinations of viscoelastic parameters. Synthetic seismograms for three viscoelastic reservoir models show that variations in the Poisson's ratio produce visible differences when compared to the corresponding elastic synthetic seismograms; these differences are attributable to interaction of the elastic parameters with Qp and Qs. When the P-wave acoustic impedance contrast is small, viscoelastic effects become more apparent and more useful for interpretation purposes. The corresponding amplitude and net phase spectra reveal significant differences between the elastic and the viscoelastic responses. When P-wave reflectivities are large, they tend to dominate the total response and to mask the Q reflectivity effects. The attenuation effects are manifested as an amplitude decay that increases with both time and ray parameter. The sensitivity of the computed seismic responses for various combinations of viscoelastic parameters suggests the opportunity for diagnostic interpretation of τ-p seismic data. The interpretation of the viscoelastic parameters can permit a better understanding of the rock types and pore fluid distribution existing in the subsurface. 相似文献
10.
浅层地震资料解释陷阱(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高分辨率浅层地震方法是在近地表调查中使用最为广泛的方法。然而,在许多情况下,地震资料的解释经常会出现错误。在本文中,我们介绍了三个例子,分析了造成P波,SH波,多道的面波(MASW)地震资料解释的错误原因,大都是由于在表面或地下条件约束不确当引起的。第一个例子是P波反射剖面上的一个波的特征被解释为浅层断裂带,但后来证实它是由高水平的背景噪音引起的,因为采集测线通过了一个公路交叉口。第二个例子是SH波反射地震剖面上一个波特征被解释为是逆倾向滑断层,但有针对性的钻探表明,它是一个侵入到基岩面的一个深层局部侵蚀。最后,第三个例子,MASW调查剖面上,一个陡倾特征一开始被解释为基岩谷。然而,后来的钻探表明这是一个非常软的湖泊沉积物,后者严重损坏了应用面波频段。虽然最初的解释是不正确的,但这刺激地球物理学家和地质学家之间的讨论,并强调地球物理数据采集的时候,采集之前以及采集之后需要科学家之间有意义的合作与讨论。 相似文献
11.
Seismic relocation,focal mechanism and crustal seismic anisotropy associated with the 2010 Yushu MS7.1 earthquake and its aftershocks 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The 2010 Yushu MS7.1 earthquake occurred in Ganzi-Yushu fault, which is the south boundary of Bayan Har block. In this study, by using double difference algorithm, the locations of mainshock (33.13°N, 96.59°E, focal depth 10.22 km) and more than 600 aftershocks were obtained. The focal mechanisms of the mainshock and some aftershocks with MS>3.5 were estimated by jointly using broadband velocity waveforms from Global Seismic Network (GSN) and Qinghai Seismic Network as well. The focal mechanisms and relocation show that the strike of the fault plane is about 125° (WNW-ESE), and the mainshock is left-laterally strikeslip. The parameters of shear-wave splitting were obtained at seismic stations of YUS and L6304 by systematic analysis method of shear-wave splitting (SAM) method. Based on the parameters of shear-wave splitting and focal mechanism, the characteristics of stress field in seismic source zone were analyzed. The directions of polarization at stations YUS and L6304 are different. It is concluded that after the mainshock and the MS6.3 aftershock on April 14, the stress-field was changed. 相似文献
12.
浅层反射地震方法是城市活断层探测常用的技术,但在基岩埋深比较浅的地区,往往只能识别出基岩顶面的反射波,而仅根据反射地震剖面上单个同相轴的变化很难准确判定断层是否存在.浅层地层的错断往往会引起速度的横向变化,利用高分辨折射地震方法采集的数据,应用层析成像方法获得的速度剖面,能够反映地下速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅层断层存在的可能性.在四川某地,将这两种方法同时应用于活断层浅层地震勘探中.结果表明,两种方法联合应用可在一定程度上弥补浅层反射地震勘探方法在基岩埋深较浅地区的不足. 相似文献
13.
to the practice of urban active fault exploration and associated fault activity assessment conducted in recent years, this paper summarizes the problems encountered in geological, geomorphological, geochemical and geophysical surveys, and proposes the following means and suggestions to solve these problems. To determine the most recent faults or fault zones, emphasis should be placed on identifying the youngest active faults and offset geomorphology. To understand the history of faulting and to discover the latest offset event, it is suggested that geophysical prospecting, drilling and trenching be conducted on one pro/de. Because of significant uncertainties in late Quaternary dating, we advise systematic sampling and the use of multiple dating methods. Shallow seismic reflection has been proven to be the most useful method in urban active fault exploration. However, there is a pressing need to increase the quality of data acquisition and processing to obtain high resolution images so as to enhance our ability to identify active faults. The combination of seismic P-wave reflection and S-wave reflection methods is proved to be a powerful means to investigate the tectonic environments of the deep crust. 相似文献
14.
15.
The 3D shear experiment over the Natih field in Oman: the effect of fracture-filling fluids on shear propagation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This is the final paper in a series on the 3D multicomponent seismic experiment in Oman. In this experiment a 3D data set was acquired using three-component geophones and with three source orientations. The data set will subsequently be referred to as the Natih 9C3D data set. We present, for the first time, evidence demonstrating that shear waves are sensitive to fluid type in fractured media. Two observations are examined from the Natih 9C3D data where regions of gas are characterized by slow shear-wave velocities. One is that the shear-wave splitting map of the Natih reservoir exhibits much larger splitting values over the gas cap on the reservoir. This increase in splitting results from a decrease in the slow shear-wave velocity which senses both the fractures and the fracture-filling fluid. Using a new effective-medium model, it was possible to generate a splitting map for the reservoir that is corrected for this fluid effect. Secondly, an anomaly was encountered on the shear-wave data directly above the reservoir. The thick Fiqa shale overburden exhibits a low shear-wave velocity anomaly that is accompanied by higher shear reflectivity and lower frequency content. No such effects are evident in the conventional P-wave data. This feature is interpreted as a gas chimney above the reservoir, a conclusion supported by both effective-medium modelling and the geology.
With this new effective-medium model, we show that introduction of gas into vertically fractured rock appears to decrease the velocity of shear waves (S2), polarized perpendicular to the fracture orientation, whilst leaving the vertical compressional-wave velocity largely unaffected. This conclusion has direct implications for seismic methods in exploration, appraisal and development of fractured reservoirs and suggests that here we should be utilizing S-wave data, as well as the conventional P-wave data, as a direct hydrocarbon indicator. 相似文献
With this new effective-medium model, we show that introduction of gas into vertically fractured rock appears to decrease the velocity of shear waves (S2), polarized perpendicular to the fracture orientation, whilst leaving the vertical compressional-wave velocity largely unaffected. This conclusion has direct implications for seismic methods in exploration, appraisal and development of fractured reservoirs and suggests that here we should be utilizing S-wave data, as well as the conventional P-wave data, as a direct hydrocarbon indicator. 相似文献
16.
本文基于SKUA-GOCAD三维建模软件平台的构造-地层实体建模流程,通过整合研究区大量地质、地球物理资料和数据利用地质时间域坐标系转换和离散光滑插值（DSI）技术,并结合非定量化的地质基础利用地质网格功能建立了郯庐断裂带江苏段新生界的三维地质构造模型,该模型包括地表、第四系底部、新近系底部和基岩顶部等四个层面的地层模型和断层模型。该模型定量化地给出了研究区第四系、新近系底界的三维结构和特征,并刻画了主要活动断裂的三维空间分布,通过该模型可以更直观地显示研究区新生代地层单元和断裂的变化规律,对深入分析活动断裂带的沉积与构造具有重要的意义。 相似文献
17.
太行山山前断裂位于太行山脉与华北平原过渡地带,是华北及我国东部地区一条重要的构造带,有关该断裂带的活动性有以下观点:1)它属深大断裂带;2)它是活动断裂带和地震构造带;3)它不是地震构造带。。为研究和评价该断裂的活动性,利用最近获得的地震资料和钻探联合剖面研究了太行山山前断裂的深部构造背景和第四系以来的活动特征。钻探验证以及研究结果与表明:太行山山前断裂不是岩石圈深大断裂,该断裂在第四系仅错断了中更新世QP2早期,中更新世QP2晚期和晚更新世地层没有发生错断。由此得出,太行山山前断裂不是活动断裂,也不是岩石圈深大断裂。该研究结果为跨越太行山山前断裂的城市进行规划和建设提供了重要的地质和地球物理资料,对于首都圈地震危险性评价也具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
18.
THE CRUSTAL SHALLOW STRUCTURES AND FAULT ACTIVITY DETECTION IN XINYI SECTION OF TAN-LU FAULT ZONE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 GU Qin-ping XU Han-gang YAN Yun-xiang ZHAO Qi-guang LI Li-mei MENG Ke YANG Hao WANG Jin-yan JIANG Xin MA Dong-wei 《地震地质》1979,42(4):825-843
The Tan-Lu fault zone is the largest active tectonic zone in eastern China, with a complex history of formation and evolution, and it has a very important control effect on the regional structure, magmatic activity, the formation and distribution of mineral resources and modern seismic activity in eastern China. Xinyi City has a very important position as a segmental node in the Shandong and Suwan sections of the Tan-Lu fault zone. Predecessors have conducted research on the spatial distribution, occurrence and activity characteristics of the shallow crustal faults in the Suqian section of the Tan-Lu belt, and have obtained some new scientific understandings and results. However, due to different research objectives or limitations of research methods, previous researches have either focused on the deep crustal structure, or targeted on the Suqian section or other regions. However, the structural style and deep-shallow structural association characteristics of Xinyi section of Tan-Lu belt have not been well illustrated, nor its activity and spatial distribution have been systematically studied. In order to investigate the shallow crustal structure features, the fault activities, the spatial distribution and the relationship between deep and shallow structures of the Xinyi section of the Tan-Lu Fault, we used a method combining mid-deep/shallow seismic reflection exploration and first-break wave imaging. Firstly, a mid-deep seismic reflection profile with a length of 33km and a coverage number greater than 30 was completed in the south of Xinyi City. At the same time, using the first arrival wave on the common shot record, the tomographic study of the shallow crust structure was carried out. Secondly, three shallow seismic reflection profiles and one refraction tomography profile with high resolution across faults were presented. The results show that the Xinyi section of Tan-Lu fault zone is a fault zone composed of five concealed main faults, with a structural pattern of “two grabens sandwiched by a barrier”. The five main faults reveal more clearly the structural style of “one base between two cuts” of the Tan-Lu fault zone. From west to east, the distribution is as follows: on the west side, there are two high-angle faults, F4 and F3, with a slot-shaped fault block falling in the middle, forming the western graben. In the middle, F3 and F2, two normal faults with opposite dip directions, are bounded and the middle discontinuity disk rises relatively to form a barrier. On the east side, F2 and F1, two conjugate high-angle faults, constitute the eastern graben. The mid-deep and shallow seismic reflection profiles indicate that the main faults of the Xinyi section of Tan-Lu fault zone have a consistent upper-lower relationship and obvious Quaternary activities, which play a significant role in controlling the characteristics of graben-barrier structure and thickness of Cenozoic strata. The shape of the reflective interface of the stratum and the characteristics of the shallow part of the fault revealed by shallow seismic reflection profiles are clear. The Mohe-Lingcheng Fault, Xinyi-Xindian Fault, Malingshan-Chonggangshan Fault and Shanzuokou-Sihong Fault not only broke the top surface of the bedrock, but also are hidden active faults since Quaternary, especially the Malingshan-Chonggangshan Fault which shows strong activity characteristics of Holocene. The results of this paper provide a seismological basis for an in-depth understanding of the deep dynamics process of Xinyi City and its surrounding areas, and for studying the deep-shallow tectonic association and its activity in the the Xinyi section of the Tan-Lu Fault. 相似文献
19.
James Gaiser 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(9):2414-2431
Utilizing shear-wave (S-wave) data acquired with compressional waves (P-waves) is becoming more common as joint imaging and inversion techniques improve. Interest in S-waves radiated from vertical sources and buried explosives exploits conversion to P-waves as primary reflections (SP-waves) for reducing acquisition costs and for application to legacy data. However, recent investigations overstate the extent of SP-wave illumination and show isotropic processing results with narrow bandwidth frequency and wavenumber data. I demonstrate that illumination with SP-waves is limited in general to near vertical polar angles up to around 30° or 35° for VP/VS of 2 or 3, respectively. At greater angles, S-waves are typically in the P-wave evanescent range and cannot excite SP-wave reflections. Contrary to recent claims, these sources for P-wave do not radiate SH-waves polarized in horizontal planes in all azimuths. I show these properties for isotropic media with radiation expressions for amplitude derived in vector slowness coordinates. Also, I extend these expressions to transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis to show agreement with synthetic seismic data that only quasi SV-waves are radiated and become more narrowly focused towards 45°. Furthermore, in orthorhombic media, synthetic data show that fast S1- and slow S2-waves polarized parallel and perpendicular to fractures may appear as SV- and SH-waves. For the partially saturated fracture model studied here, S1-wave radiation has broader azimuthal illumination than slow S2-waves, which are more narrowly focused in azimuth. These produce SP-wave splitting signatures on vertical component reflection data that are nearly identical to PS-wave signatures on radial horizontal component data. Separating these fast and slow SP-waves is an additional processing challenge. 相似文献
20.
Duane D. Braun 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(3):223-237
Marked differences in bedrock meander dimensions in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province, at times in adjacent reaches of a single stream, are related to differences in relative erodability of the bedrock. Meanders cut in thick-bedded to massive lithologies, typically carbonates, are distinctly smaller overall than meanders cut into shaly lithologies. Other factors that could affect bedrock meander dimensions were considered and none appeared to offer any help in explaining the dimensional differences observed above. In plateau regions underlain by essentially horizontal strata, the meander form characteristic of one lithology may become superimposed upon another as incision progresses, producing anomalous relationships between bedrock meander dimensions and lithology. Empirical relations developed from meander geometry measurements and estimated bedrock erodability for 78 bedrock meander reaches, containing a total of 1089 individual meander loops, show that meanders cut in shaly lithologies (ML = 105 Q0.50f, where ML = meander length and Qf = most probable annual flood) are about twice the length of meanders cut in non-shaly lithologies (ML = 39.30.56f). The valley floor width of the meanders cut in shaly bedrock (VF = 28 Q0.43f) is two to three times wider than the valley floor width of the meanders cut in the more resistant non-shaly bedrock (VF = 8 Q0.43f). The mean and median meander length values for individual reaches typically differ by less than 10 per cent. 相似文献