共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本文首先利用有限差分法分别对弹性和粘弹性VTI介质进行地震波传播数值模拟，并针对波场快照和波场记录特征，分析不同品质因子组合对波场能量衰减和频率吸收作用的影响.结果表明：对应于膨胀滞弹性形变的品质因子变化主要影响qP波的能量衰减；对应于剪切滞弹性形变的品质因子变化主要影响qSV波的能量衰减；对于qSH波，两个品质因子分别对应于垂直和水平方向的能量衰减；品质因子较小时，qSV波和qSH波的频率向低频方向移动，qP波频率变化不明显. 相似文献
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黏弹各向异性介质中传播不均匀波，其反射、透射模式不仅与介质分界面两侧速度对比有关，还与品质因子Q的对比有关. 用伪谱技术模拟黏弹各向异性介质分界面上波的反射、透射，并与弹性各向异性介质、黏弹各向同性介质和弹性各向同性介质的模拟结果做比较. 计算平面波的反射、透射系数，分析介质的黏弹性和各向异性对反射、透射系数的影响. 数值模拟了一个三层介质模型中的波场，分析两个分界面上产生的反射波的特征. 黏弹各向异性介质中，qS波比qP波衰减程度大. 相似文献
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实际地层中地震波传播普遍存在速度和衰减各向异性现象，研究黏弹各向异性介质中高频地震波传播理论有助于揭示地震波的传播特征.本文针对黏弹性VTI介质，从Christoffel矩阵的解析特征值出发推导出qP、qSV和qSH波的复相速度和复射线速度的解析表达式，并应用实射线追踪方法确定出均匀复射线速度矢量，由此计算出实射线速度和实射线衰减以及实射线品质因子.基于非均匀复相速度和均匀复射线速度的解析表达式，推导了实射线慢度和实射线衰减关于黏弹性模量(包括弹性模量和Q值)的敏感度核函数，该敏感度核函数反映各个黏弹性模量对地震波复走时的影响程度.不同岩石样本的数值计算结果显示，实走时对弹性模量更为敏感，而射线衰减(虚走时)对弹性模量和Q值的敏感程度相当.本研究可为黏弹性VTI介质中地震射线追踪和复走时层析成像提供理论基础. 相似文献
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相速度和偏振方向是研究地震波传播规律和描述介质特性的重要参数,在理论研究和实际应用中有重要作用.本文假定倾斜横向各向同性(TTI)介质对称轴位于观测坐标系XOZ面内,在此观测坐标系下直接推导了TTI介质弹性波相速度和偏振方向的解析表达式,再进一步利用Thomsen弱各向异性理论,推导了弱各向异性近似条件下弹性波相速度以及qP波和qSV波偏振方向表达式.理论分析和数值试例表明,在相速度方面,随着各向异性介质参数改变,qP波和qSH波速度变化较为平缓,qSV波速度变化较为剧烈.弹性波相速度近似式误差均较小,能较好地近似精确相速度.在偏振方向方面,SH波偏振方向只是传播方向和对称轴倾角的函数,而与各向异性参数无关,SH波偏振方向既垂直于传播方向,又垂直于TTI介质对称轴方向.除特定方向外,qP波和qSV波的偏振方向与传播方向均成一定角度,并且随TTI介质对称轴倾角的改变而改变;在精确和近似情况下,qP波和qSV波的偏振方向始终垂直;在精度允许范围内,偏振方向的弱各向异性近似式与理论解析式吻合较好. 相似文献
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实际地层中传播的地震波普遍存在速度各向异性和能量衰减现象,因此基于弹性介质假设条件下的地震射线正反演算法具有一定的局限性,而研究黏弹性各向异性介质中的地震波传播规律可为揭示地下结构提供更加可靠的理论依据.射线追踪技术是揭示高频地震波传播特性的有效手段之一,然而绝大多数研究仅限于弹性介质.针对黏弹性各向异性介质,本文首先给出了一种射线速度和振幅衰减的计算方法,然后结合改进型最短路径算法,在实空间内实现了计算复杂介质模型中地震波(qP,qSV,qSH)的射线路径和传播走时以及能量衰减(虚走时).该算法适用于复杂黏弹性各向异性介质.误差分析结果显示,实走时的最大相对误差小于0.13％,虚走时的最大相对误差小于0.55％,表明该算法具有较高的计算精度. 相似文献
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本文定义了各向异性黏弹性参数修正因子,并将其引入到黏弹性模型中以体现泥质含量对黏弹性机制的影响,同时将波传播过程中孔隙介质骨架黏弹性力学机制与两种孔隙流体流动力学机制（Biot流动和喷射流动机制）有机地统一起来处理,从而给出了描述含泥质低孔渗孔隙各向异性介质中波传播规律的黏弹性Biot/squirt (BISQ)模型.数值计算结果表明,入射波的方位角、各向异性渗透率以及泥质含量等对含流体复杂孔隙介质中波频散和衰减的影响具有显著的方位各向异性特征,在低频范围内（地震波勘探频率）黏弹性力学机制对波传播能量的衰减起主导作用. 相似文献
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相速度和群速度是研究地震波传播规律和描述介质特性的重要参数,是弹性波传播理论中的核心内容,在理论研究和实际应用中有重要作用.本文根据VTI介质的刚度矩阵,利用Bond变换建立了TTI介质刚度矩阵.再利用TTI介质刚度矩阵,结合弹性动力学的本构方程、牛顿运动微分方程和几何方程,得到了三维TTI介质弹性波波动方程和Christoffel方程.通过本征值方法求解Christoffel方程,推导了三维TTI介质弹性波相速度的解析表达式.利用Berryman和Crampin推导各向异性介质群速度公式,根据三维TTI介质的相速度解析式推导了三维TTI介质群速度解析表达式.数值试例表明,随着各向异性介质参数改变,TI介质弹性波相速度变化较为平缓,群速度变化较为剧烈,qP波和SH波速度变化较为平缓,qSV波速度变化较为剧烈. 相似文献
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借助Christoffel方程可求解出各向异性介质弹性波精确频散关系.利用近似方法进行处理,再通过傅里叶逆变换将频率波数域算子变换为时空域算子,可导出解耦的 qP波或 qS波波动方程.本文在 TTI介质弹性波精确频散关系的基础上,利用近似配方法推导了 qP波和 qSV波近似频散关系,通过傅里叶逆变换推导了 TTI介质 qP波和 qSV波解耦的波动方程.为了验证近似频散关系的有效性,利用两组模型参数对其进行数值计算,分析了相对误差在不同传播方向上的分布.随后使用有限差分方法分别对均匀、层状及复杂 TTI介质弹性波近似解耦波动方程进行数值模拟,结果显示 qP波和 qSV波完全解耦,并且在各向异性参数η＜0 以及介质对称轴倾角变化较大的情况下,纯 qP波和纯 qSV波近似波动方程依然可以保持稳定. 相似文献
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由于构造运动等作用，TI介质对称轴往往沿空间任意方向分布，具有任意空间取向对称轴的TI（ATI）介质更符合实际地质情况.VTI介质与ATI介质的相速度在形式上具有一致性，VTI介质中地震波的相角对应ATI介质对称轴与地震波传播方向的夹角.本文基于Tsvankin的VTI介质精确相速度公式，利用TI介质对称轴和地震波传播方向上单位向量的数量积和向量积来计算ATI介质的精确相速度.根据弱各向异性假设，导出qP波和qSV波的近似相速度，分析了近似公式的误差，讨论总结了ATI介质qP波和qSV波的相速度特征.本文中的单位向量采用观测坐标系表示，通过相角关系，可以较为方便地由ATI介质近似相速度导出频散关系，然后借助傅里叶逆变换推导出时间-波数域qP波和qSV波解耦的波动方程.数值算例表明本文的波动方程是qP波和qSV波解耦的，波场计算结果稳定，未出现明显的数值频散，验证了本文方法的有效性. 相似文献
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Rayleigh波勘探方法在探测近地表横波速度、动力学特征等环境与工程地球物理领域获得了广泛应用.这种方法以弹性层状介质理论为基础,然而实际介质具有黏弹性,研究面波在层状黏弹性介质中的传播特征,将为近地表面波勘探提供有益帮助.在某些弹性层状介质模型中,例如存在低速夹层和强波阻抗差异地层模型,Rayleigh波相邻两条频散曲线彼此会非常靠近,产生看似彼此"交叉"的现象,即"osculation"现象,但对于黏弹性介质中的这种现象并没有进行相关的研究.本文利用Muller法计算层状黏弹性介质Rayleigh波频散方程,基于层状介质模型中Rayleigh波频散和衰减曲线连续的性质,结合本征位移曲线特征,分析二层黏弹性介质模型中Rayleigh波频散曲线"交叉"现象以及"交叉"点附近的波动特性.结果表明:与弹性介质相比,黏弹性介质中Rayleigh波的波动特性存在明显差异,随着介质对地震波的损耗越来越强,将导致Rayleigh波频散曲线发生"交叉"现象. 相似文献
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JOS M. CARCIONE 《Geophysical Prospecting》1992,40(7):761-783
When a seismic signal propagates through a finely layered medium, there is anisotropy if the wavelengths are long enough compared to the layer thicknesses. It is well known that in this situation, the medium is equivalent to a transversely isotropic material. In addition to anisotropy, the layers may show intrinsic anelastic behaviour. Under these circumstances, the layered medium exhibits Q anisotropy and anisotropic velocity dispersion. The present work investigates the anelastic effect in the long-wavelength approximation. Backus's theory and the standard linear solid rheology are used as models to obtain the directional properties of anelasticity corresponding to the quasi-compressional mode qP, the quasi-shear mode qSV, and the pure shear mode SH, respectively. The medium is described by a complex and frequency-dependent stiffness matrix. The complex and phase velocities for homogeneous viscoelastic waves are calculated from the Christoffel equation, while the wave-fronts (energy velocities) and quality factor surfaces are obtained from energy considerations by invoking Poynting's theorem. We consider two-constituent stationary layered media, and study the wave characteristics for different material compositions and proportions. Analyses on sequences of sandstone-limestone and shale-limestone with different degrees of anisotropy indicate that the quality factors of the shear modes are more anisotropic than the corresponding phase velocities, cusps of the qSV mode are more pronounced for low frequencies and midrange proportions, and in general, attenuation is higher in the direction perpendicular to layering or close to it, provided that the material with lower velocity is the more dissipative. A numerical simulation experiment verifies the attenuation properties of finely layered media through comparison of elastic and anelastic snapshots. 相似文献
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A new wave equation is derived for modelling viscoacoustic wave propagation in transversely isotropic media under acoustic transverse isotropy approximation. The formulas expressed by fractional Laplacian operators can well model the constant-Q (i.e. frequency-independent quality factor) attenuation, anisotropic attenuation, decoupled amplitude loss and velocity dispersion behaviours. The proposed viscoacoustic anisotropic equation can keep consistent velocity and attenuation anisotropy effects with that of qP-wave in the constant-Q viscoelastic anisotropic theory. For numerical simulations, the staggered-grid pseudo-spectral method is implemented to solve the velocity–stress formulation of wave equation in the time domain. The constant fractional-order Laplacian approximation method is used to cope with spatial variable-order fractional Laplacians for efficient modelling in heterogeneous velocity and Q media. Simulation results for a homogeneous model show the decoupling of velocity dispersion and amplitude loss effects of the constant-Q equation, and illustrate the influence of anisotropic attenuation on seismic wavefields. The modelling example of a layered model illustrates the accuracy of the constant fractional-order Laplacian approximation method. Finally, the Hess vertical transversely isotropic model is used to validate the applicability of the formulation and algorithm for heterogeneous media. 相似文献
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A method for determination of characteristics of quasi-Rayleigh (qR) wave in a transversely isotropic homogeneous half-space with inclined axis of symmetry is outlined. The solution is obtained as a superposition of qP, qSV and qSH waves, and surface wave velocity is determined from the boundary conditions at the free surface and at infinity, as in case of Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Though the theory is simple enough, a numerical procedure for calculation of surface wave velocity presents some difficulties. The difficulty is caused by necessity to calculate complex roots of a non-linear equation, which in turn contains functions determined as roots of non-linear equations with complex coefficients. Numerical analysis shows that roots of the equation corresponding to the boundary conditions do not exist in the whole domain of azimuths and inclinations of the symmetry axis. The domain of existence of qR wave depends on the ratio of the elastic parameters: for some strongly anisotropic models the wave cannot exist at all. For some angles of inclination qR-wave velocities deviate from those calculated on the basis of the perturbation method valid for weak anisotropy, though they have the same tendency of variation with azimuth. The phase of qR wave varies with depth unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space, qR wave has three components - vertical, radial and transverse. Particle motion in horizontal plane is elliptic. Direction of the major axis of the ellipsis coincides with the direction of propagation only in azimuths 0° (180°) and 90° (270°). 相似文献
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The analysis of Stoneley wave propagation in a fracture is essential for the identification and evaluation of fracture parameters from the borehole Stoneley wave. Also, it is important for many geophysics considerations, e.g. for tremor and long-period events observed in volcanoes and geothermal areas. In this paper, we investigate the guided waves propagation in a fluid layer lying between two viscoelastic vertically transversely isotropic media. The viscoelastic mechanism models the attenuation due to the presence of fluid saturation in the rock. A model based on the superposition of three inhomogeneous partial plane waves: one in the fluid and two heterogeneous waves in the solid is developed. The dispersion equation is obtained for this case. A numerical solution is carried out to obtain the guided wave velocity and attenuation coefficient. The results of this investigation show that there is a strong correlation between the velocity dispersion and attenuation of Stoneley wave and the anisotropic parameters of the medium especially in a sandstone (fast) medium. 相似文献