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1.
应用叠前反演弹性参数进行储层预测(英文) 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文是利用叠前弹性参数反演结果进行致密性含气砂岩储层预测的一个实例研究。随着油气勘探开发的发展,叠前地震数据及其反演结果的应用研究已经广泛用于实际生产中。叠前地震数据的特有属性研究,不仅包括简单的AVO特性,还包括其他的弹性属性的变化特性。本文通过对含气砂岩岩芯弹性属性参数响应特征的分析,发现特定弹性属性参数或其组合可以作为流体检测因子。因此,可以利用叠前地震反演得到不同的弹性属性参数结果,进行储层解释和储层描述。该叠前反演方法是基于Zoeppritz方程的Aki—Richard简化公式建立起来的,根据测井数据和地质解释结果建立初始反演模型,反演的地震数据为叠前时间或深度偏移的共反射点道集数据,反演结果可以是不同的弹性属性参数及其组合。通过对一实际的致密性含气砂岩储层进行叠前弹性属性参数反演,并将反演结果与其它预测结果进行对比分析发现弹性属性参数λ和λρ, λ/μ,以及K／μ能够很好地预测含气储层,而且反演结果很好展现出储层中的含气特性。 相似文献
2.
叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对某复杂断块天然气目标储层,在岩石物理分析的指导下,综合利用地质、地震、测井等资料,提出了一套面向复杂天然气藏的叠前地震预测技术.首先基于地震岩石物理分析得到的初始横波信息,采用叠前贝叶斯非线性三参数反演得到了井旁控制点处精确纵横波速度和密度信息,然后通过叠前/叠后联合反演技术实现了面向目标的弹性阻抗体反演及含气储层敏感参数直接提取,最后结合小波变换时频谱分析的方法从叠前地震资料中估算地层吸收参数值,提高天然气藏识别精度.实际应用表明,综合各种叠前地震预测技术,可以大大提高对复杂天然气藏的识别精度,降低勘探风险. 相似文献
3.
叠前地震反演技术能够将地震中振幅、偏移距和入射角等多种有效信息与油气的敏感参数结合起来,在有效识别油气藏"甜点"方面虽发挥了重要的作用,但对于煤层气的有效预测仍需研究.针对煤层气与石油天然气的赋存地质条件不同,本文以山西沁水盆地煤层气地震资料为例,借鉴叠前地震反演技术的多参数预测思想,通过模型正演和实测资料处理,得到纵波、横波速度和密度等不同的数据体,利用数据体和弹性参数关系式,采用AkiRichard近似公式与叠前宽角度反演联合的方法,寻找出富含煤层气储层的敏感参数.从而实现富含煤层气储层的有效预测.经与测井曲线结果对比,吻合率较高,说明了该方法具有可行性与实用性. 相似文献
4.
长波长假设条件下,各向同性背景地层中发育一组平行排列的垂直裂缝可等效为具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性（HTI）介质.基于不同观测方位的岩石地震响应特征变化,宽方位地震数据不仅可实现裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数的预测,同时也蕴含着丰富的孔隙度等储层物性参数信息.本文结合实际地震资料提出了贝叶斯框架下岩石物理驱动的储层裂缝参数与物性参数概率地震联合反演方法,首先基于AVAZ反演裂缝岩石的弹性参数与各向异性参数,并在此基础上通过统计岩石物理模型表征孔隙度、裂缝密度等各向异性介质储层参数与裂缝岩石参数的相互关联,并采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛（MCMC）抽样方法进行大量样本的随机模拟,使用期望最大化（EM）算法估计后验条件概率分布,最终寻找最大后验条件概率对应的孔隙度、裂缝密度等HTI裂缝介质储层参数即为反演结果.测井及实际地震数据处理表明,该方法能够稳定合理地从方位地震资料中获取裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数,并提供了一种较为可靠的孔隙度、裂缝密度等裂缝介质储层参数概率地震反演方法. 相似文献
5.
Frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offset offers an effective method for hydrocarbon detections and analysis of fluid flow during production of oil and natural gas within a fractured reservoir. An appropriate representation for the frequency dependency of seismic amplitude variation with offset signatures should incorporate influences of dispersive and attenuating properties of a reservoir and the layered structure for either isotropic or anisotropic dispersion analysis. In this study, we use an equivalent medium permeated with aligned fractures that simulates frequency-dependent anisotropy, which is sensitive to the filled fluid of fractures. The model, where pores and fractures are filled with two different fluids, considers velocity dispersion and attenuation due to mesoscopic wave-induced fluid flow. We have introduced an improved scheme seamlessly linking rock physics modelling and calculations for frequency-dependent reflection coefficients based on the propagator matrix technique. The modelling scheme is performed in the frequency-slowness domain and can properly incorporate effects of both bedded structure of the reservoir and velocity dispersion quantified with frequency-dependent stiffness. Therefore, for a dispersive and attenuated layered model, seismic signatures represent a combined contribution of impedance contrast, layer thickness, anisotropic dispersion of the fractured media and tuning and interference of thin layers, which has been avoided by current conventional methods. Frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offset responses was studied via considering the influences of fracture fills, layer thicknesses and fracture weaknesses for three classes amplitude variation with offset reservoirs. Modelling results show the applicability of the introduced procedure for interpretations of frequency-dependent seismic anomalies associated with both layered structure and velocity dispersion of an equivalent anisotropic medium. The implications indicate that anisotropic velocity dispersion should be incorporated accurately to obtain enhanced amplitude variation with offset interpretations. The presented frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offset modelling procedure offers a useful tool for fracture fluid detections in an anisotropic dispersive reservoir with layered structures. 相似文献
6.
The technique of amplitude variation with offset or angle (AVO or AVA) can be used to extract fluid and lithology information from prestack seismic data. Based on three-term AVO equations, three elastic parameters can be inverted for by linear AVO inversion. However, many theoretical and numerical studies have demonstrated that by using offset limited data, a three-term AVO inversion may have problems of instability and inaccuracy while inverting for the density term. We have searched for an elastic parameter that contains density information and inverted this parameter in a more stable manner using offset limited data. First, we test the sensitivity of elastic parameters to hydrocarbon reservoirs and select the optimal fluid factor (ρf) that contains density information and has an excellent performance as an inversion parameter used to detect hydrocarbons. Then, we derive approximate PP and PS reflection coefficient equations in terms of the fluid factor. The derived equations allow us to directly estimate the fluid factor of the reservoir. Finally, we apply these equations to synthetic data by employing a joint AVO inversion technique. The results show that the method is stable and unambiguous. 相似文献
7.
Based on the long-wavelength approximation, a set of parallel vertical fractures embedded in periodic thin interbeds can be regarded as an equivalent orthorhombic medium. Rock physics is the basis for constructing the relationship between fracture parameters and seismic response. Seismic scattering is an effective way to inverse anisotropic parameters. In this study, we propose a reliable method for predicting the Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses in an orthorhombic fractured reservoir using azimuthal pre-stack seismic data. First, considering the influence of fluid substitution in mineral matrix, porosity, fractures and anisotropic rocks, we estimate the orthorhombic anisotropic stiffness coefficients by constructing an equivalent rock physics model for fractured rocks. Further, we predict the logging elastic parameters, Thomsen’s weak parameters, and fracture weaknesses to provide the initial model constraints for the seismic inversion. Then, we derive the P-wave reflection coefficient equation for the inversion of Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses. Cauchy-sparse and smoothing-model constraint regularization taken into account in a Bayesian framework, we finally develop a method of amplitude variation with angles of incidence and azimuth (AVAZ) inversion for Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses, and the model parameters are estimated by using the nonlinear iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) strategy. Both synthetic and real examples show that the method can directly estimate the orthorhombic characteristic parameters from the azimuthally pre-stack seismic data, which provides a reliable seismic inversion method for predicting Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses. 相似文献
8.
Constraining the anisotropy structure of the crust by joint inversion of seismic reflection travel times and wave polarizations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In the context of wide-angle seismic profiling, the determination of the physical properties of the Earth crust, such as the
elastic layer depth and seismic velocity, is often performed by inversion of P- and/or S-phases propagation data supplying
the geometry of the medium (reflector depths) or any other structural parameter (P- or S-wave velocity, density...). Moreover,
the inversion for velocity structure and interfaces is commonly performed using only seismic reflection travel times and/or
crustal phase amplitudes in isotropic media. But it is very important to utilize more available information to constrain the
non-uniqueness of the solution. In this paper, we present a simultaneous inversion method of seismic reflection travel times
and polarizations data of transient elastic waves in stratified media to reconstruct not only layer depth and vertical P-wave
velocity but also the anisotropy feature of the crust based on the estimation of the Thomsen’s parameters. We carry out
a checking with synthetic data, comparing the inversion results obtained by anisotropic travel-time inversion to the results
derived by joint inversion of seismic reflection travel times and polarizations data. The comparison proves that the first
procedure leads to biased anisotropic models, while the second one fits nearly the real model. This makes the joint inversion
method feasible. Finally, we investigate the geometry, P-wave velocity structure and anisotropy of the crust beneath Southeastern
China by applying the proposed inversion method to previously acquired wide-angle seismic data. In this case, the anisotropy
signature provides clear evidence that the Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault is the natural boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia
blocks. 相似文献
9.
纵横波弹性阻抗联立反演在GD地区的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在GD油田复杂油藏描述中应用叠前纵横波弹性阻抗反演,精确地进行了油藏岩性的划分。利用三个或三个以上部分叠加数据,进行纵横波弹性阻抗联立反演,既克服了因叠后地震反演结果单一而不能满足复杂储层描述的需求,又避免了由于叠前道集信噪比低造成反演结果不稳定的缺陷。本文论述了叠前弹性波阻抗反演的基本原理,结合GD地区实际资料,对反演过程中涉及的角道集子波提取、层位标定、横波速度预测、弹性参数提取与解释等关键步骤进行了详细研究,指出基于测井资料分析的多种弹性参数综合解释是提高叠前地震反演应用效果的关键。 相似文献
10.
11.
各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演 总被引：4，自引：12，他引：4
地震反演已成为油藏描述中的重要组成部分.绝大多数的常规地震反演是叠后地震数据体上进行，很少考虑各向异性存在的情况.随着勘探开发的发展，地震各向异性和叠前地震波阻抗反演引起了人们极大关注.本文在各向同性介质中弹性阻抗研究基础上，推导出了各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗方程，提出了地震各向异性介质中用弹性阻抗进行储层参数描述的技术路线和框架，并对反演过程中存在的问题进行了有益探讨. 相似文献
12.
Compaction induced by pore‐pressure decrease inside a reservoir can be monitored by measuring traveltime shifts of reflection events on time‐lapse seismic data. Recently we introduced a perturbation‐based formalism to describe traveltime shifts caused by the 3D stress‐induced velocity field around a compacting reservoir. Application of this method to homogeneous background models showed that the offset variation of traveltime shifts is controlled primarily by the anisotropic velocity perturbations and can provide valuable information about the shear and deviatoric stresses. Here, we model and analyse traveltime shifts for compacting reservoirs whose elastic properties are different from those of the surrounding medium. For such models, the excess stress is influenced primarily by the contrast in the rigidity modulus μ across the reservoir boundaries. Synthetic examples demonstrate that a significant (25% or more) contrast in μ enhances the isotropic velocity perturbations outside the reservoir. Nevertheless, the influence of background heterogeneity is mostly confined to the reservoir and its immediate vicinity and the anisotropic velocity changes are still largely responsible for the offset dependence of traveltime shifts. If the reservoir is stiffer than the host rock, the background heterogeneity reduces anisotropic velocity perturbations inside the reservoir but increases them in the overburden. As a result, in this case, the magnitude of the offset variation of traveltime shifts is generally higher for reflections from interfaces above the reservoir. We also study compaction‐induced stress/strain and traveltime shifts for a stiff reservoir embedded in a softer layered model based on velocity profiles from the Valhall Field in the North Sea. Despite producing discontinuities in strain across medium interfaces, horizontal layering does not substantially alter the overall behaviour of traveltime shifts. The most pronounced offset variation of traveltime shifts is observed for overburden events recorded at common midpoints close to the reservoir edges. On the whole, prestack analysis of traveltime shifts should help better constrain compaction‐induced velocity perturbations in the presence of realistic background heterogeneity. 相似文献
13.
Transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry is a common form of anisotropy in sedimentary basins, and it has a significant influence on the seismic amplitude variation with offset. Although exact solutions and approximations of the PP-wave reflection coefficient for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry have been explicitly studied, it is difficult to apply these equations to amplitude inversion, because more than three parameters need to be estimated, and such an inverse problem is highly ill-posed. In this paper, we propose a seismic amplitude inversion method for the transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry based on a modified approximation of the reflection coefficient. This new approximation consists of only three model parameters: attribute A, the impedance (vertical phase velocity multiplied by bulk density); attribute B, shear modulus proportional to an anellipticity parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε−δ); and attribute C, the approximate horizontal P-wave phase velocity, which can be well estimated by using a Bayesian-framework-based inversion method. Using numerical tests we show that the derived approximation has similar accuracy to the existing linear approximation and much higher accuracy than isotropic approximations, especially at large angles of incidence and for strong anisotropy. The new inversion method is validated by using both synthetic data and field seismic data. We show that the inverted attributes are robust for shale-gas reservoir characterization: the shale formation can be discriminated from surrounding formations by using the crossplot of the attributes A and C, and then the gas-bearing shale can be identified through the combination of the attributes A and B. We then propose a rock-physics-based method and a stepwise-inversion-based method to estimate the P-wave anisotropy parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε). The latter is more suitable when subsurface media are strongly heterogeneous. The stepwise inversion produces a stable and accurate Thomsen's parameter ε, which is proved by using both synthetic and field data. 相似文献
14.
Seismic amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOaz) inversion is well known as a popular and pragmatic tool utilized to estimate fracture parameters. A single set of vertical fractures aligned along a preferred horizontal direction embedded in a horizontally layered medium can be considered as an effective long-wavelength orthorhombic medium. Estimation of Thomsen’s weak-anisotropy (WA) parameters and fracture weaknesses plays an important role in characterizing the orthorhombic anisotropy in a weakly anisotropic medium. Our goal is to demonstrate an orthorhombic anisotropic AVOaz inversion approach to describe the orthorhombic anisotropy utilizing the observable wide-azimuth seismic reflection data in a fractured reservoir with the assumption of orthorhombic symmetry. Combining Thomsen’s WA theory and linear-slip model, we first derive a perturbation in stiffness matrix of a weakly anisotropic medium with orthorhombic symmetry under the assumption of small WA parameters and fracture weaknesses. Using the perturbation matrix and scattering function, we then derive an expression for linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient in terms of P- and S-wave moduli, density, Thomsen’s WA parameters, and fracture weaknesses in such an orthorhombic medium, which avoids the complicated nonlinear relationship between the orthorhombic anisotropy and azimuthal seismic reflection data. Incorporating azimuthal seismic data and Bayesian inversion theory, the maximum a posteriori solutions of Thomsen’s WA parameters and fracture weaknesses in a weakly anisotropic medium with orthorhombic symmetry are reasonably estimated with the constraints of Cauchy a priori probability distribution and smooth initial models of model parameters to enhance the inversion resolution and the nonlinear iteratively reweighted least squares strategy. The synthetic examples containing a moderate noise demonstrate the feasibility of the derived orthorhombic anisotropic AVOaz inversion method, and the real data illustrate the inversion stabilities of orthorhombic anisotropy in a fractured reservoir. 相似文献
15.
Wide-azimuth seismic data can be used to derive anisotropic parameters on the subsurface by observing variation in subsurface seismic response along different azimuths. Layer-based high-resolution estimates of components of the subsurface anisotropic elastic tensor can be reconstructed by using wide-azimuth P-wave data by combining the kinematic information derived from anisotropic velocity analysis with dynamic information obtained from amplitude versus angle and azimuth analysis of wide-azimuth seismic data. Interval P-impedance, S-impedance and anisotropic parameters associated with anisotropic fracture media are being reconstructed using linearized analysis assuming horizontal transverse anisotropy symmetry. In this paper it is shown how additional assumptions, such as the rock model, can be used to reduce the degrees of freedom in the estimation problem and recover all five anisotropic parameters. Because the use of a rock model is needed, the derived elastic parameters are consistent with the rock model and are used to infer fractured rock properties using stochastic rock physics inversion. The inversion is based on stochastic rock physics modelling and maximum a posteriori estimate of both porosity and crack density parameters associated with the observed elastic parameters derived from both velocity and amplitude versus angle and azimuth analysis. While the focus of this study is on the use of P-wave reflection data, we also show how additional information such as shear wave splitting and/or anisotropic well log data can reduce the assumptions needed to derive elastic parameter and rock properties. 相似文献
16.
四维地震(4D seimic)主要是指利用重复三维地震测量资料进行油藏动态监测。在油田开发过程中,由于储层特性变化所引起的地震振幅异常、频率变化以及反射同相轴下拖现象等均可作为注蒸汽波及范围四维地震监测的良好识别标志。由于叠后地震资料中常常存在动校正速度不准、动校正拉伸畸变、剩余静校正误差、以及CDP道集中各道波形的差异性等多方面的问题,这会对叠后地震资料所反映出的四维地震异常特性产生影响,造成解释结果的差异性和不确定性。为此,本文尝试开展叠前地震属性反演研究,利用瞬时频率、瞬时频率梯度、能量衰减85%时的频率、最大振幅频率、最大振幅、总能量等多种衰减属性的叠前剖面及其差值剖面来定性解释四维地震实验区的注入蒸汽在剖面上的反映。 相似文献
17.
We present a method for inversion of fracture compliance matrix components from wide‐azimuth noisy synthetic PS reflection data and quantitatively show that reflection amplitude variations with offset and azimuth for converted PS‐waves are more informative than P‐waves for fracture characterization. We consider monoclinic symmetry for fractured reservoir (parameters chosen from Woodford Shale), which can be formed by two or more sets of vertical fractures embedded in a vertically transverse isotropic background. Components of effective fracture compliance matrices for a medium with monoclinic symmetry are related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Monte Carlo simulation results show that inversion of PS reflection data is more robust than that of PP reflection data to uncertainties in our a priori knowledge (vertically transverse isotropic parameters of unfractured rock) than PP reflection data. We also show that, while inversion of PP reflections is sensitive to contrasts in elastic properties of upper and lower media, inversion of PS reflections is robust with respect to such contrasts. 相似文献
18.
Michinori Asaka 《Geophysical Prospecting》2023,71(1):17-28
Pore-pressure depletion causes changes in the triaxial stress state. Pore-pressure depletion in a flat reservoir, for example, can be reasonably approximated as uniaxial compaction, in which the horizontal effective stress change is smaller than the vertical effective stress. Furthermore, the stress sensitivity of velocities can be angle-dependent. Therefore, time-lapse changes in reservoir elastic anisotropy are expected as a consequence of production, which can complicate the interpretation of the 4D seismic response. The anisotropic 4D seismic response caused by pore-pressure depletion was investigated using existing core velocity measurements. To make a direct comparison between the anisotropic 4D seismic response and the isotropic response based only on vertical velocities, pseudoisotropic elastic properties were utilized, and the two responses were compared in terms of a dynamic rock physics template. A comparison of the dynamic rock physics templates indicates that time-lapse changes in reservoir elastic anisotropy have a noticeable impact on the interpretation of 4D seismic data. Changes in anisotropy as a result of pore-pressure depletion cause a time-lapse amplitude variation with offset response as if there is a reduction in VP/VS (i.e., pseudoisotropic VP/VS decreases), although the vertical VP/VS increases. The impact of time-lapse changes in anisotropy on the amplitude variation with offset gradient was also investigated, and the time-lapse anisotropy was found to enhance changes in the amplitude variation with offset gradient for a given case. 相似文献
19.
在地震勘探中,描述复杂介质的正演和反演问题通常包含许多反映介质不同特性的参数.同时获得这些参数对进行更准确的岩性描述和油藏预测具有重要的理论和现实意义.为了提高频率域黏弹性波动方程的零偏VSP多参数反演的精度,本文对多参数反演的可行性进行分析,明确了目标函数的敏感程度及参数之间的耦合情况,提出了一种基于走时约束的分频分步多参数反演策略.首先利用零偏VSP资料构建先验信息,然后分别利用高、低频数据进行两步反演,也就是"三个参数反演+五个参数反演"的过程,以提高反演的稳健性和精度.利用此方法可同时得到零偏VSP数据可靠的弹性波速度、密度和品质因子,为精确的时-深关系及含油气的解释和预测奠定基础,同时也可以为地面地震叠前反演提供可靠有效的约束,增强地面地震反演精度. 相似文献