共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
In the Gulf of Cadiz, a Tertiary basin became filled by clastic series during Miocene and Pliocene times. This terrigenous influx, derived from the Iberic Meseta in the north, is characterized by a sandy episode during the Tortonian and Messinian. The sand deposits were probably connected with uplift and major erosion of the Meseta during the sliding of the olistostrome, which occupied the south of the basin from late Helvetian to middle Tortonian. High resolution seismic techniques produced a good picture of the stratigraphy and of the depositional environment of the sands. A further study, using the amplitude of the reflections, inversion of seismic traces into acoustic impedance traces, and modeling, provides a remarkable example of the possibilities of seismic stratigraphy for depicting the lateral evolution of facies and localizing hydrocarbon occurrences. Out of seven exploratory wells based upon seismic information, six encountered gas-bearing sands with economic potential. 相似文献
2.
声子波是由声波波动方程的解构成的一种物理子波,如果不考虑吸收和散射,声子波的传播是相当简单的;相反地,数学子波的传播即使在均匀介质中也是极其复杂的.作为波动方程的解,声子波比一般的数学子波更能有效地应用于复杂声波和地震波的分解和分析.本文从Kaiser的声子波理论出发,给出了通过分别引入点源波形的复时间函数和点源虚时间坐标来构成声子波的两种解释,并对点源模型的合成地震图和实际复杂模型的地震波资料进行了时-空域的声子波变换,说明了声子波应用于地震波资料分解的有效性. 相似文献
3.
M. M. ROKSANDI&#x; 《Geophysical Prospecting》1978,26(2):383-398
Seismic facies analysis makes use of different seismic parameters in order to get other than structural information. A review is given of possibilities and usefulness of seismic facies analysis in oil exploration. A seismic facies unit can be defined as a sedimentary unit which is different from adjacent units in its seismic characteristics. Parameters that should be taken into consideration in the seismic facies analysis are as follows: reflection amplitude, dominant reflection frequency, reflection polarity, interval velocity, reflection continuity, reflection configuration, abundance of reflections, geometry of seismic facies unit, and relationship with other units. Interpretation of seismic facies data may be either direct or indirect. The purpose of the direct interpretation is to find out geological causes responsible for the seismic signature of a seismic facies unit. So, the direct interpretation may be aimed at predicting lithology, fluid content, porosity, relative age, overpressured shales, type of stratification, geometry of the geological body corresponding to the seismic facies unit and its geological setting. The indirect interpretation is intended to reach some conclusions on depositional processes and environments, sediment transport direction, and some aspects of geological evolution (transgression, regression, subsidence, uplift, erosion). The results of the seismic facies analysis may be shown on seismic facies cross-sections and seismic facies maps. Depending on the available seismic data and geological conditions in the area under consideration, the seismic facies maps may be of different types such as general seismic facies maps showing distribution of different seismic facies units, sand-shale ratio maps, direction of cross-bedding and paleo-transport maps etc. Several kinds of seismic facies units and their geological interpretation are discussed as examples of seismic facies analysis. 相似文献
4.
新的国家地震区划图即中国地震动参数区划图已于2001年8月正式出版．该地震区划图包括峰值加速度区划图和反应谱特征周期区划图．该区划图风险水平为50年超越概率0.1, 比例尺为1∶400万．该区划图已经作为国家标准颁布．本文介绍了该区划图编制的背景、编图的技术思路以及主要科学问题、基本特征和使用． 相似文献
5.
6.
国家地震局组织所属单位共同编制了《中国地震烈度区划图》(1:300万),1977年已由国家地震局正式颁布,供建设规划和确定中、小型工程地区基本烈度使用参考.地震基本烈度是指某地区今后一定时期内,在一般场地条件下可能遭受的最大烈度.该图是一幅1973年以后未来百年内地震基本烈度的预告图.本文介绍了编制该图的主要原则和方法.由于目前对地震活动的认识水平和研究程度的限制,方法不可能是完善的,预告也不一定准确,有待今后进一步研究. 相似文献
7.
1957年公布的中国地震烈度区划图其编图原则有两个,一个是过去历史上发生过多大的地震,将来还会重演,另一个是地质条件相似的地方地震强度相似。本文对这两个原则进行了修正。对第一个原则的修正主要是用统计法、位错法和热传导法求出大震重复周期,在大震间歇期间,烈度可以降低一两度。对于第二个原则的修正主要是考虑到我国大陆内主应力的分布是大体一致的,错动旋性也是一致的。在此情况下,当一个断层上发生大震后,相距不太远的平行断层就会减震,而不是地质条件相似必然要发生类似的大震。对于相交汇的两个断层来说,一个相当于垂线,可称垂断层,另一个相当于底线,可称底断层。如果底断层发生了大震,则垂断层上就减震了,简称“底震垂减”;如果垂断层上发生了大震,则底断层上可能还会相继发生大震,可称“垂震底继”。根据减震作用的观点可以在全国寻找一些安全区,以利于经济建设。如果一个断层不是发生大震,而是在很长的地段内发生蠕滑,则相邻的平行断层也可减震。由减震作用可以解释地震活动的整带跨距迁移,也可解释相平行的断层上的地震分布的平行四边形格局。为了探明已发大震的断层是否已锁住,可用被外因调制的小震活动性来抽查。对于平行断层来说,异旋是加震的。本文得到的主要结果如下: 1.大震重复时间本文收集了中国活动断层滑动速率的数据,得到了最大滑动速率为25mm/年,平均滑动速率为10mm/年,以及最小滑动速率为0.1mm/年。据根我们在1973年得到的震级与错动幅度的经验关系式Dcm=10~(0.52Ms-1.25) 则强震的重复时间可分别表示为: T_1=Dcm/V_(最大) T_2=Dcm/V_(平均) T_3=Dcm/V_(最小) 式中V为滑动速率。由上述数据可求得在不同滑动速率下的大震重复时间,如表1所示。在不同的建设地区,可根据其建设项目的重要性以及当地活动断裂的大致滑动速率来选择表1中的大震重复时间。2.强震造成的减震距离对于一个走滑震源断层,在其垂直方向上位移衰减至1米的距离R为R=H/1.17cot(π/2 100cm/Dcm) 上式H为断层面深度,我们取20公里,则上式可写为R=20/1.17(cot(π/2 100/D)) 对于不同震级地震的减震距离可表示于表2 关于由热传导计算大地震重复时间问题留待以后专文讨论。 相似文献
8.
H. C. HARDEE 《Geophysical Prospecting》1983,31(1):57-71
Downhole periodic seismic sources have been proposed as a means for studying fluid zones in hydrothermal/magma systems encountered in deep scientific holes drilled as part of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program. Scientific measurements in these holes will require the use of downhole, nondestructive, high resolution, seismic tools. Downhole periodic seismic sources tested in a shallow geothermal zone showed that a pneumatic oscillator could effectively generate downhole low-frequency (10–100 Hz) seismic waves and that these waves could effectively penetrate a highly fractured formation. An improved version of these downhole sources, capable of swept-frequency operation, is currently under development. This type of downhole seismic source has applications in crustal studies and in the evaluation of petroleum, groundwater and geothermal reservoirs. 相似文献
9.
10.
利用中国西部古地震和历史地震资料建立了特征地震模型并与分档泊松模型结合组成混合地震模型。研究了青藏高原东南缘的重要地震带鲜水河－小江断裂地区的地震危险性,并与1990年出版的中国地震区划图结果进行了比较,表明在1786年曾经发生过73／4级地震的康定地区（离浙时间为213a,地震复地周期为320a）的地震概率大于后,Ⅷ度区面积同样是前大于后。这说明地震离逝时间与地震复发周期关系对地震危险性计算是有影响的,特征地震与混合地震模型的引入解决了泊松模型无记忆性的缺陷,使计算的结果更科学、合理。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
Shallow gas accumulations and gas seepage may indicate deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs. Sonar and high resolution seismic recordings were carried out to obtain gas migration and accumulation below seabed in Northeast Persian Gulf. Results revealed some structures and reflectivity effects, for example few pockmarks, gas seepage, and other surface structures in sonar and seismic data. Most of the features observed on seismic data were located at depths between 5 and 10 m (sub-sea bed) that include acoustic blanking and turbidity, gas packets, gas chimneys, and enhanced reflection. Most of the gas is accumulated on young and thin parallel layers, but the presence of acoustic effect in Aghajari Formation indicates that the origin of the gas accumulation in shallow strata may be located in a deeper reservoir. 相似文献
15.
将南天山地震带西段(喀什—柯坪)和西昆仑地震带作为统计单元,确定了各单元及所属潜在震源区的地震活动性参数。利用新疆地区的地震烈度衰减公式和美国西部地区的烈度、加速度衰减公式,推算了新疆地区的加速度衰减公式。根据时空非均匀地震危险性的概率计算方法,计算了阿尔塔什、公格尔、下坂地三项工程场址的地震烈度和地动加速度超越概率。 相似文献
16.
根据1500年以来的地震活动,用确定性方法对华北地区地震地面危害分布图进行了定量计算。震源和研究区域均用网格单元表示,网格点的间距取为0.2°。计算中主要的输入参量为该地区的地震目录、震源机制、地震活动水平、深部结构模型等。各个单元上模拟的理论地震图考虑到了来自不同地点的震源和传播路径的影响。计算获得了华北地区最大地面运动和设计地面加速度(DGA)的分布图。最大DGA值位于北京以东,达0.75g。该结果可对未来华北地区地震危害的分布特征研究和该地区的防震减灾工作提供依据 相似文献
17.
依据东海南部一条自东海陆架直至菲律宾海盆的重磁地震综合探测剖面,采用地壳结构重磁地震综合反演解释系统开展岩石圈结构的综合研究,制作了岩石圈结构地学断面图. 结果表明基隆凹陷为一中新生代沉积凹陷,沉积厚度达到14km;冲绳海槽盆地为弧后扩张地堑型盆地,地壳厚度仅为14.5km;菲律宾板块沿北西西方向向欧亚板块俯冲,莫霍面急剧下插,导致冲绳海槽的形成与发展;岩石圈厚度约为80km,但在370km处仅为53km,在450km至540km处岩石圈厚度大于100km. 相似文献
18.
均匀介质、复杂各向同性介质和各向异性介质中的地震波传播过程,可用统一形式的标量声波方程描述.考虑到在无损耗条件下,地震波方程描述了地震波场这一个无穷维的哈密顿体系随时间的演化过程,该过程为一个单参数连续辛变换,因而可以在其哈密顿形式表述下导出其辛格式.与显式辛算法相比,隐式辛格式对应的隐式辛几何算法具有无条件稳定的特点,可以允许较大的计算步长.但是由于隐式算法不可避免地面临高阶矩阵的求逆,其每一步的计算速度较慢.为实现矩阵快速求逆,文中采用了螺旋边界条件下谱因式分解的方法.在螺旋边界条件下,需要求逆的矩阵化为带状矩阵,而且其各列非零元素的位置和大小具有非常好的相似性,因而可以采用谱因式分解的方法实现快速LU分解.文中采用二阶精度的隐式蛙跳辛格式和谱因式分解方法,计算了常速度、层状介质和Marmousi模型中的波场.计算表明,隐式辛算法不失为波场计算的一种好方法. 相似文献
19.
起伏地表地震波正演数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
常规起伏地表地震波数值模拟均将地表以上的介质视为真空介质来处理,而这与实际情况不符。为解决这一问题,将地表以上介质视为声学介质,使地震波在该介质中以350m／s的速度传播。以两层起伏地表速度模型为例,分别采用声波和各向同性弹性波波动方程进行正演数值模拟,并与常规基于真空介质假设的计算结果进行对比,结果表明,基于声学假设的模拟记录可以更加有效地模拟真实的数据采集,并且反射波同向轴具有更好的连续性。 相似文献
20.
During the past four or five years, Vertical Seismic Profiles have been run in a large number of wells and in a variety of geological provinces with the object of assisting the seismic data processor and improving the geological interpretation. The special properties of the Vertical Seismic Profile, which allows the separation of the upward and downward travelling components of the recorded waveform, provides a means of studying the acoustic response of the earth in detail. Deconvolution of the data in particular gives a clearer understanding of the mechanics of multiple reflections and the way in which they may obscure primary reflections in the vicinity of the well. The primary reflection response of the earth can be observed with greater resolution than conventional seismic data permits, making correlation with lithology more precise, and allowing a good estimate of the reflection coefficient series to be determined. Inversion of the seismic traces to produce an acoustic impedance log leads to better definition of the sedimentary sequence and is of particular interest in predicting lithologic variations ahead of the drilling bit. In addition, Vertical Seismic Profile data can be used to assess parameters in areas such as deconvolution and signal band width for the evaluation of conventional seismic data. 相似文献