共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
1990s长江流域降水趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据国家气象局提供的实测月降水和日降水资料,运用Mann-Kendall(M-K)非参数检验法验证了降水趋势,并通过空间插补法,由点扩展到面,分析了1990s长江流域降水变化特征,发现1990s长江流域降水变化以降水在时间和空间分布上的集中度的增加为主要特点:时间上,年降水的增加趋势以冬季1月和夏季6月降水的集中增加为主;一日降水量大于等于50mm的暴雨日数和暴雨量在1990s也有了较明显的增加.空间上,年降水、夏季降水、冬季降水的增加都以中下游区的增加为主,尤其以鄱阳湖水系、洞庭湖水系的降水增加为主.1990s长江流域春季和秋季降水的减少以5月和9月两个汛期月份的降水减少为主,除金沙江水系和洞庭湖水系等少数地区外,流域大部分地区降水呈减少趋势.上述1990s出现的降水趋势明显与近年来全球变暖背景下长江流域各地区不同的温度及水循环变异有关. 相似文献
2.
本文基于集中度和集中期的定义方法,利用1960~2007年的48年江淮地区站点的日平均温度资料和累积频率的阈值统计方法,分析梅雨期江淮地区极端高温事件的非均匀分布特征.结果表明,集中度和集中期的方法能够定量地表征梅雨期江淮地区极端高温事件的非均匀分布特征.集中期的异常型为全场一致和南北异常型,集中度的异常分布主要为南北异常和东西异常.进一步比较集中度和集中期异常与同期环流系统的配置关系得知,当集中期南北异常变化时,在高纬度的北太平洋区域出现一对正负的异常模态,且随高度增加而增强,为相当正压结构.海温的异常集中在北太平洋的北美沿岸的显著负异常中心.当集中度为东西异常时,主要环流异常型为约在160°W左右出现 "+ - + -" 的200 hPa纬向西风异常波列形式从低纬度到高纬度地区传播以及与ENSO的显著负相关. 相似文献
3.
公元1840年以来东亚夏季风降水变化—— 以中国和韩国的树轮记录为例 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据中国和韩国3条树木年轮降水记录, 本文分析了过去160 a以来东亚夏季风降水的变迁历史. 统计分析表明, 年际间中国和韩国季风降水不存在线性相关, 而在10 a尺度上则表现出同步变化的趋势. 1860~1890, 1910~1925, 1940~1960年是3个降水量较多的时段; 1890~1910, 1925~1940, 1960~1998年, 则是3个降水量较少的时段. 3条降水重建序列均揭示1920年代中期东亚夏季风降水快速由多转少. 同时树木年轮季风降水重建序列也被基于中国历史文献记载所划分的旱涝指数和韩国雨量记录所证实. 相似文献
4.
长江流域降水变化及其趋势演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对中国长江流域降水趋势进行了分析.指出对月降水量而言,20世纪后50年不同区域出现1不胃的降水趋势变化特征.趋势插补法研究表明中国降水时空分布趋势十分明显.对长江流域长期降水资料分析研究指出夏季月份降水时间更集中,而对年降水而言在一些站则表现出明显的周期变化. 相似文献
5.
长江流域降水径流的年代际变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用1951-2001年长江流域年、季降水量资料、1885-2001年梅雨量资料以及一百多年以来长江重要控制站宜昌、汉口、大通年径流量资料,对长江流域降水径流的年代际变化、气候转折以及降水径流的变化趋势进行了分析研究.反映出长江流域夏季降水将有更加集中的趋势,即降水时间更集中、强度趋向于更大,对防洪不利.据趋势预测,宜昌、汉口径流量有减少的趋势,大通径流量有增加的趋势. 相似文献
6.
长江流域历史水旱灾害分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
长江流域有丰富和长期的水旱灾害史料,最早的水灾和旱灾记载有2000余年的历史,经过系统整理和分析的历史水旱灾害资料有1000余年的旱涝型年表和500余年的旱涝分布图集.在以上资料基础上,对长江流域历史水旱灾害的地域分布特性和时间变化规律进行了初步分析:500余年历史水旱灾害的地域分布显示,流域水旱灾害总体特征是水灾重于旱灾,各级水旱灾害频率的地域分布极不均匀,存在着显著的灾害多发和少发地带,它们与自然地理环境、水系特征、气候条件和社会经济条件等因素有关;1000余年旱涝型年表分析表明,长江流域洪涝和干旱频次在时间上的非均匀分布并非完全随机,表现出多种时间尺度的年际变化特征,其中主要表现为约100a上下的大干湿气候期变化及40a左右的小旱涝期振动. 相似文献
7.
应用日本东京大学气候系统研究中心(CCSR)发展起来的一个全球大气环流谱模式(T42L200版本),对l998年夏季气候异常和大气环流的预测问题进行了研究,定量地检查了该模式对夏季降水和大气环流异常的预测准确度.说明该模式对1998年的预测水平是比较高的;并证实大气环流在春季的初始异常对北半球夏季大气环流和降水异常起了很重要的作用,而对南半球的作用则小得多.就中国长江流域1998年的降水异常而言,初始环流的作用约占50%. 相似文献
8.
长江流域降水极值时间序列的分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在1960-2005年长江流域147气象观测站汛期4-9月逐日降水资料基础上,通过计算逐站大于95th强降水及其间隔天数、小于1.27mm/d的持续天数,分析长江流域降水极值时间序列的时空分布特征,并建立概率分布模式.研究发现,长江上游四川盆地附近及中下游鄱阳湖流域东南部是汛期强降水中心,也是长江流域强降水最集中发生的地区.汛期降水强度小于1.27mm/d的天数,在上游干流、岷沱江流域、乌江上游地区为多.但此处干旱持续天数最短,干旱形式并不严重.而在金沙江上、下游,洞庭湖流域,鄱阳湖流域东南部支流及下游干流区干旱持续天数较长.长江流域大于95th强降水的间隔天数与小于1.27mm/d的干旱持续天数服从Weibull-Ⅱ型分布.分布参数变化的模式较准确的反映降水极值时间序列的时空变化特征. 相似文献
9.
随着地震预报研究的进展,人们对中期大气降水异常与地震的关系,已有一定程度的认识,即:在时间上多表现为“旱涝剧变——地震”;在空间上又常表现出“旱涝切变带——未来震中”的关系。因此震前几年的大气降水异常,通过负荷、渗透等有可能影响孕震过程。在中期大气降水异常的背景上,震前短期降水异常对地震的周期可能有 相似文献
10.
长江流域近50年降水变化及其对干流洪水的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据我国长江流域气象观测站近42年的资料,分析了整个流域年和季节平均面雨量、暴雨日数和暴雨量的变化特征,以及降水对流域径流和洪水的影响.长江流域年和夏季平均面雨量存在明显的年际和年代变化特征,也表现出比较显著的趋势变化特点.大部分测站年平均面雨量呈增加趋势,夏季和冬季平均面雨量的增加趋势尤其明显;秋季平均面雨量呈显著下降趋势.同时,年和夏季暴雨日数和暴雨量也在较大范围内呈显著增加趋势.长江流域的降水对干流平均流量具有重要影响.1973年、1983年和1998年的洪水主要是由明显高于平均的流域面雨量引起的;长江下游平均流量变化趋势也同流域年平均面雨量、夏季平均面雨量变化趋势基本一致,特别是70年代末以来,下游平均流量和流域面雨量的上升趋势更加明显,并同时在1998年达到最高值.长江流域大的丰水年一般对应El Nino年或El Nino次年,表明E1 Nino对长江较大洪水可能具有一定影响. 相似文献
11.
Characterizing the changing behaviours of precipitation concentration in the Yangtze River Basin,China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Weiguang Wang Wanqiu Xing Tao Yang Quanxi Shao Shizhang Peng Zhongbo Yu Bin Yong 《水文研究》2013,27(24):3375-3393
The statistical characteristics of precipitation on the daily resolution play an important role not only in the risk assessment of floods and droughts but also in the land use management. In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of the precipitation concentration in the Yangtze River Basin are investigated by using three indices, i.e. precipitation concentration index (CI), precipitation concentration degree (PCD) and precipitation concentration period (PCP). Based on meteorological data of 147 stations for the period of 1960–2008, non‐parametric trend analysis and wavelet transformation analysis are employed to detect the temporal variation of these indices. Spatial variability of precipitation concentration indices and their trends are analysed and demonstrated with the help of GIS tools. The results indicate the following: (i) The high precipitation CI values mainly distribute in the middle region of the Yangtze River Basin, whereas the lower and lowest CI values are found in the lower and upper regions, respectively. A roughly east–west gradient for PCD value and PCP value varies from 0.26 to 0.77 and from 123 to 197, respectively. (ii) The analysis results of precipitation CI trends for different periods (i.e. recent 40, 30 and 20 years) show that the middle region of the Yangtze River Basin experienced a transition from decreasing precipitation CI to increasing precipitation CI during the last two decades, although the decreasing long‐term trends in the precipitation CI are not significant in most areas during the period of 1960–2008. (iii) The upper basin, middle basin and lower basin are, respectively, dominated by the significant decreasing, increasing and no significant trends in PCD. A dominance of insignificant PCP trends is observed in the entire basin during 1960–2008 despite that a few areas in the upper region are characterized by significant decreasing trends. (iv) Interdecadal oscillations can be found for three precipitation indices, but with no constant periodicity. Furthermore, good positive correlations have been detected between precipitation CI and PCD, whereas insignificant correlation coefficients of PCP with precipitation are common in the basin. The results can provide beneficial reference to water resource and eco‐environment and mitigation to flood or drought hazards in the Yangtze River Basin for policymakers and stakeholders. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Teleconnection between the Indian summer monsoon onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Based on the Indian and Chinese precipitation data and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis circulation data, the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley has been discussed by the methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis. The results show that the date of ISM onset over Kerala in the southwestern coast of the Indian Peninsula is about two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley. After the outbreak of ISM, the teleconnection mode sets up from the western coast of India via the Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. It is different both in time and space from the telecon- nection mode which is from the northwest of India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China. The for- mer mode is defined as the "south" teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon, forming in the pe- riod of ISM onset; while the latter mode is called the "north" teleconnection, mainly occurring in the Asian monsoon culminant period. During the process of the "south" teleconnection’s formation, the Asian monsoon circulation has experienced a series of important changes: ISM onset, the northward movement of the south Asia high (SAH), the onset vortex occurrence, the eastward extension of the stronger tropical westerly belt, and the northeastward jump of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), etc. Consequently, since ISM sets up over Kerala, the whole Asian continent is covered by the upper SAH after about two weeks, while in the mid- and lower troposphere, a strong wind belt forms from the Arabian Sea via the southern India, BOB and the South China Sea (SCS), then along the western flank of WPSH, to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. With the northward moving of the subtropical jet streams, the upper westerly jet stream and the low level jet have been coupled ver- tically over east Asia, while the Yangtze River Valley happens to locate in the ascending motion area between the upper jet stream and the low level jet, i.e. right of the entrance of the upper jet stream and left of the low level jet. Such a structure of the vertical circulation can trigger the Meiyu onset over the Yangtze River Valley. 相似文献
13.
1998年中国特大洪涝时期的环流特征 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
研究了 1 998年我国特大洪涝的环流特征 ,长江流域洪涝年全国有两种降水分布型 :即长江流域大水全国降水偏多型及长江流域大水其南北降水偏少型 .进而 ,研究了这两类分布型的环流特征 ,并指出北半球 50 0hPa位势高度场有着显著的差异 .鄂霍茨克海高压的建立是长江流域多雨的重要条件 ,南海高压的强弱在全国降水分布型中起着重要的作用 相似文献
14.
本文对汛期长江流域特大暴雨及洪涝成因进行了分析,认为与越赤道气流异常及受"非亚支宏观气流系统"的影响有关.同时指出,长江流域的特大暴雨及洪涝灾害不但可以预测,并且能够采取措施予以减弱. 相似文献
15.
平流层过程如何影响气候变化是一个大家关注的科学问题,在WCRP中专门设置了一个研究子计划SPARC.本文的分析研究表明,中国的梅雨异常可能受到平流层大气环流异常的影响,而这种影响是通过北极涛动（AO）的变化来实现的.从分析和计算结果可以看到,二月份北半球30 hPa位势高度的EOF第一主分量对应着副热带和高纬度地区的显著下传异常波作用量,其第三主分量对应着极地地区的显著下传异常波作用量,这些下传的异常波作用量都对三月份AO形势的形成有明显的贡献.三月份的AO则会通过影响东亚地区夏季对流层大气的冷暖状况和环流,在长江中下游地区导致异常垂直运动和辐散辐合形势,从而影响夏季的梅雨降水. 相似文献
16.
在1987年以来全球气温明显增高的同时，中国气温也显著增高，1997年达到了峰值，2006年又出现了次峰值.为搞清异常增暖对中国旱涝等灾害的发生可能带来的影响，本文重点统计分析了中国年平均气温对全球年平均气温的响应关系，并分析研究了1951～2006年期间中国月年平均气温的年际变化特征和汛期主要多雨带类型及发生严重洪涝区域之间的对应关系.结果发现：（1）3个中国年平均气温异常偏高但8月气温不高的来年汛期主要多雨带和严重洪涝区域都发生在淮河流域（3/3）；（2）5个年平均气温偏高且8月气温也明显偏高的来年汛期长江流域发生了大洪水和严重洪涝（5/5），特别是其中2个8月气温特高的来年（1954、1998年）汛期长江流域发生了特大洪水和严重洪涝（2/2）.对这个前兆强信号的发现和揭示，不但证明了全球和中国异常增暖对来年中国汛期水旱灾害的重大影响，也对准确预测中国汛期主要多雨带分布类型和江淮流域的大洪水和特大洪水有特别重要的应用价值. 相似文献
17.
Spatial and temporal variation of extreme precipitation indices in the Yangtze River basin, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Jiali Guo Shenglian Guo Yu Li Hua Chen Tianyuan Li 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(2):459-475
Regional characteristics of extreme precipitation indices (EPI) of precipitation magnitude, intensity and persistence were analyzed based on a daily rainfall dataset of 135 stations during the period of 1961–2010 in the Yangtze River basin, China. The spatial distribution of temporal trends of the selected indices was regionally mapped and investigated by using non-parametric test method. Future projections of EPI changes derived from the output of general circulation model (HadCM3) under the SRES A2 and B2 emission scenarios were downscaled and analyzed. The results show that: (a) there is not a general significant increasing or decreasing trend in EPI for the Yangtze River basin based on historical recorded data; (b) the automated statistical downscaling method-based precipitation captures some spatial distribution of the EPI and the bias correction can improve the simulation results; (c) a mixed pattern of positive and negative changes is observed in most of the nine indices under both scenarios in the first half of twenty-first century, and they increase continuously in the second half of twenty-first century; and (d) the concurrent increase in the heavy rain and drought indices indicates the possibility of the sudden change from drought to water logging in the lower region of Yangtze River basin. 相似文献
18.
Jing Guo Hua Chen Chong-Yu Xu Shenglian Guo Jiali Guo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(2):157-176
Many impact studies require climate change information at a finer resolution than that provided by general circulation models
(GCMs). Therefore the outputs from GCMs have to be downscaled to obtain the finer resolution climate change scenarios. In
this study, an automated statistical downscaling (ASD) regression-based approach is proposed for predicting the daily precipitation
of 138 main meteorological stations in the Yangtze River basin for 2010–2099 by statistical downscaling of the outputs of
general circulation model (HadCM3) under A2 and B2 scenarios. After that, the spatial–temporal changes of the amount and the
extremes of predicted precipitation in the Yangtze River basin are investigated by Mann–Kendall trend test and spatial interpolation.
The results showed that: (1) the amount and the change pattern of precipitation could be reasonably simulated by ASD; (2)
the predicted annual precipitation will decrease in all sub-catchments during 2020s, while increase in all sub-catchments
of the Yangtze River Basin during 2050s and during 2080s, respectively, under A2 scenario. However, they have mix-trend in
each sub-catchment of Yangtze River basin during 2020s, but increase in all sub-catchments during 2050s and 2080s, except
for Hanjiang River region during 2080s, as far as B2 scenario is concerned; and (3) the significant increasing trend of the
precipitation intensity and maximum precipitation are mainly occurred in the northwest upper part and the middle part of the
Yangtze River basin for the whole year and summer under both climate change scenarios and the middle of 2040–2060 can be regarded
as the starting point for pattern change of precipitation maxima. 相似文献